Measuring the Performance of the Accident Reductions: Evidence from Izmir City
Traffic enforcement units (the Police) are partly
responsible for the severity and frequency of the traffic accidents via
the effectiveness of their safety measures. The Police claims that the
reductions in accidents and their severities occur largely by their
timely interventions at the black spots, through traffic management
or temporary changes in the road design (guiding, reducing speeds
and eliminating sight obstructions, etc.). Yet, some other external
factors than the Police measures may intervene into which such
claims require a statistical confirmation. In order to test the net
impact of the Police contribution in the reduction of the number of
crashes, Chi square test was applied for 25 spots (streets and
intersections) and an average evaluation was achieved for general
conclusion in the case study of Izmir city. Separately, the net impact
of economic crisis in the reduction of crashes is assessed by the
trend analysis for the case of the economic crisis with the probable
reduction effects on the trip generation or modal choice. Finally, it
was proven that the Police measures were effective to some degree as
they claimed, though the economic crisis might have only negligible
contribution to the reductions in the same period observed.
[1] In-Safety, Newsletter, Issue 2, Nov. 2006. Available: www.insafetyeu.
org)
[2] Y. Duvarcı, Ö. Selvi, A. K. Çınar, "İzmir-deki Trafik Kazalarının
Kentsel ve Mekansal Analizlerinin CBS ile Yorumlanmas─▒ Konusunda
Bir Yöntem Denemesi" (A GIS Method for Evaluating the Urban Spatial
Patterns of the Traffic Accidents in ─░zmir). Trafik ve Yol G├╝venli─ƒi
Kongresi (TRODSA), 4-6 May─▒s 2005, Ankara.
[3] Round Table, Economic Evaluation of Road Traffic Safety Measures,
Conclusions of Round Table 117, ECMT, 26-27 October, Paris. 2000
[4] G. Yannis, E. Papadimitriou, C. Antoniou, "Multilevel modelling for the
regional effect of enforcement on road accidents," Accident Analysis and
Prevention, Vol. 39, pp.818-825, 2007.
[5] C. Nicolle and B. Peters, "Elderly and Disabled Travellers: Intelligent
Transportation Systems Designed for the Third Millenium",
Transportation Human Factors, Vol. 1, N.2, pp.121-134, 1999.
[6] A. M. Welki and T. J. Zlatoper, "The impact of highway safety
regulation enforcement activities on motor vehicle fatalities,"
Transportation Research Part E, Vol. 43, pp. 208-217. 2005.
[7] S. Erdogan, I. Yilmaz, T. Baybura, M. Gullu, "Geographical information
systems aided traffic accident analysis system case study: city of
Afyonkarahisar," Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 40, pp.174-
181, 2008.
[8] U. Persson, A. Norinder, K. Hjalte, K. Gralen, "The Value of a
Statistical Life in Transport: Findings from a New Contingent Valuation
Study in Sweden," The Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Vol. 23, N. 2,
pp. 121-134, 2001.
[9] M. Lu, "Modelling the effects of road traffic safety measures," Accident
Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 38. N. 3, pp.507-517, 2006.
[10] T. Bliss, Implementing the Recommendations of The World Report on
Road Traffic Injury Prevention (Report). Road safety Taskforce
Operational Guide for World Bank Staff, The World Bank, Transport
Note. No.TN-1 April 2004, Washington D.C.
[11] W. M. Hearst, L. J. Mountain, M. J. Maher, "Are speed enforcement
cameras more effective than other speed management measures? An
evaluation of the relationship between speed and accident reductions,"
Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 37, N. 4, pp.731-41, 2005.
[12] R. Vivian and R. Veeraragavan, "Evaluation of Traffic Management
Measures in Accident Reduction Under Mixed Traffic". Proc. 16th
ICTCT Workshop, Soesterberg, pp. 1-10, 2003.
[13] L. A. Foldvary and J. C. Lane, "The effectiveness of compulsory
wearing of seat-belts in casualty reduction (with an appendix on chisquare
(partitioning-tests of complex contingency tables)," Accident
Analysis & Prevention, Vol 6, N. 1, Sept., pp.59-81, 1974.
[14] Y. Khang, J. W. Lynch, G. A. Kaplan, "Impact of economic crisis on
cause-specific mortality in South Korea," International Journal of
Epidemiology, Vol. 34, N. 6, pp.1291-1301, 2004.
[15] TUIK, Turkish Statistical Institute of State, Ankara, 2005. Available:
http://www.tuik.gov.tr
[16] Belgenet. Available: http://www.belgenet.com/eko/kuculme1.html,
updated 2005.
[17] KGM (Highways General Directorate), Trafik G├╝venli─ƒi Projesi (Traffic
Safety project), SWEROAD, Nisan 2001.
[1] In-Safety, Newsletter, Issue 2, Nov. 2006. Available: www.insafetyeu.
org)
[2] Y. Duvarcı, Ö. Selvi, A. K. Çınar, "İzmir-deki Trafik Kazalarının
Kentsel ve Mekansal Analizlerinin CBS ile Yorumlanmas─▒ Konusunda
Bir Yöntem Denemesi" (A GIS Method for Evaluating the Urban Spatial
Patterns of the Traffic Accidents in ─░zmir). Trafik ve Yol G├╝venli─ƒi
Kongresi (TRODSA), 4-6 May─▒s 2005, Ankara.
[3] Round Table, Economic Evaluation of Road Traffic Safety Measures,
Conclusions of Round Table 117, ECMT, 26-27 October, Paris. 2000
[4] G. Yannis, E. Papadimitriou, C. Antoniou, "Multilevel modelling for the
regional effect of enforcement on road accidents," Accident Analysis and
Prevention, Vol. 39, pp.818-825, 2007.
[5] C. Nicolle and B. Peters, "Elderly and Disabled Travellers: Intelligent
Transportation Systems Designed for the Third Millenium",
Transportation Human Factors, Vol. 1, N.2, pp.121-134, 1999.
[6] A. M. Welki and T. J. Zlatoper, "The impact of highway safety
regulation enforcement activities on motor vehicle fatalities,"
Transportation Research Part E, Vol. 43, pp. 208-217. 2005.
[7] S. Erdogan, I. Yilmaz, T. Baybura, M. Gullu, "Geographical information
systems aided traffic accident analysis system case study: city of
Afyonkarahisar," Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 40, pp.174-
181, 2008.
[8] U. Persson, A. Norinder, K. Hjalte, K. Gralen, "The Value of a
Statistical Life in Transport: Findings from a New Contingent Valuation
Study in Sweden," The Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Vol. 23, N. 2,
pp. 121-134, 2001.
[9] M. Lu, "Modelling the effects of road traffic safety measures," Accident
Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 38. N. 3, pp.507-517, 2006.
[10] T. Bliss, Implementing the Recommendations of The World Report on
Road Traffic Injury Prevention (Report). Road safety Taskforce
Operational Guide for World Bank Staff, The World Bank, Transport
Note. No.TN-1 April 2004, Washington D.C.
[11] W. M. Hearst, L. J. Mountain, M. J. Maher, "Are speed enforcement
cameras more effective than other speed management measures? An
evaluation of the relationship between speed and accident reductions,"
Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 37, N. 4, pp.731-41, 2005.
[12] R. Vivian and R. Veeraragavan, "Evaluation of Traffic Management
Measures in Accident Reduction Under Mixed Traffic". Proc. 16th
ICTCT Workshop, Soesterberg, pp. 1-10, 2003.
[13] L. A. Foldvary and J. C. Lane, "The effectiveness of compulsory
wearing of seat-belts in casualty reduction (with an appendix on chisquare
(partitioning-tests of complex contingency tables)," Accident
Analysis & Prevention, Vol 6, N. 1, Sept., pp.59-81, 1974.
[14] Y. Khang, J. W. Lynch, G. A. Kaplan, "Impact of economic crisis on
cause-specific mortality in South Korea," International Journal of
Epidemiology, Vol. 34, N. 6, pp.1291-1301, 2004.
[15] TUIK, Turkish Statistical Institute of State, Ankara, 2005. Available:
http://www.tuik.gov.tr
[16] Belgenet. Available: http://www.belgenet.com/eko/kuculme1.html,
updated 2005.
[17] KGM (Highways General Directorate), Trafik G├╝venli─ƒi Projesi (Traffic
Safety project), SWEROAD, Nisan 2001.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:59532", author = "Y. Duvarci and S. Mizokami", title = "Measuring the Performance of the Accident Reductions: Evidence from Izmir City", abstract = "Traffic enforcement units (the Police) are partly
responsible for the severity and frequency of the traffic accidents via
the effectiveness of their safety measures. The Police claims that the
reductions in accidents and their severities occur largely by their
timely interventions at the black spots, through traffic management
or temporary changes in the road design (guiding, reducing speeds
and eliminating sight obstructions, etc.). Yet, some other external
factors than the Police measures may intervene into which such
claims require a statistical confirmation. In order to test the net
impact of the Police contribution in the reduction of the number of
crashes, Chi square test was applied for 25 spots (streets and
intersections) and an average evaluation was achieved for general
conclusion in the case study of Izmir city. Separately, the net impact
of economic crisis in the reduction of crashes is assessed by the
trend analysis for the case of the economic crisis with the probable
reduction effects on the trip generation or modal choice. Finally, it
was proven that the Police measures were effective to some degree as
they claimed, though the economic crisis might have only negligible
contribution to the reductions in the same period observed.", keywords = "Road Safety, Police, Enforcement units, Chi Squaretest, Economic Impact.", volume = "2", number = "12", pages = "296-8", }