Mathematical Modeling of Storm Surge in Three Dimensional Primitive Equations
The mathematical modeling of storm surge in sea and
coastal regions such as the South China Sea (SCS) and the Gulf of
Thailand (GoT) are important to study the typhoon characteristics.
The storm surge causes an inundation at a lateral boundary exhibiting
in the coastal zones particularly in the GoT and some part of the SCS.
The model simulations in the three dimensional primitive equations
with a high resolution model are important to protect local properties
and human life from the typhoon surges. In the present study, the
mathematical modeling is used to simulate the typhoon–induced
surges in three case studies of Typhoon Linda 1997. The results
of model simulations at the tide gauge stations can describe the
characteristics of storm surges at the coastal zones.
[1] A. F. Blumberg and G. L. Mellor, A description of a three-dimensional
coastal ocean circulation model, In N. S. Heaps, editor, Three-
Dimensional Coastal Ocean Models, Coastal and Estuarine Sciences,
American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 4(1987), 1-16.
[2] G. L. Mellor, An equation of state for numerical models of oceans and
estuaries, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 8(1991),
609-611.
[3] K. F. Bowden, Physical oceanography of coastal waters, Ellis Horwood,
Southampton, UK., (1983), 302.
[4] M. D. Powell, P. J. Vivkery and T. A. Reinhold, Reduced drag coefficient
for high wind speeds in tropical cyclones, Nature, 422(2003), 278-283.
[5] M. O. Edwards, Global Gridded Elevation and Bathymetry on 5-Minute
Geographic Grid (ETOPO5), NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center,
Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A., 1989.
[6] P. Harr, R. Ellsberry, T. Hogan and W. Clune, North Pacific cyclone sea-
level pressure errors with NOGAPS, Weather and Forecasting, 7(1992),
3.
[7] S. Levitus, R. Burgett and T. Boyer, World Ocean Atlas: Salinity, NOAA
Atlas NESDIS 3, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.,
U.S.A., 3(1994b), 99.
[8] S. Levitus and T. Boyer, World Ocean Atlas: Temperature, NOAA Atlas
NESDIS 4, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., U.S.A.,
4(1994a), 117.
[9] S. Vongvisessomjai, P. Chatanantavet and P. Srivihok, Interaction of
tide and salinity barrier: Limitation of numerical model, Songklanakarin
Journal of Science and Technology, 30(2008), 531-538.
[10] T. D. Pugh, Tides, Surges and Mean Sea-Level, John Wiley & Sons,
London, UK., (1987), 472.
[11] T. Ezer, H. Arango and A. F. Shchepetkin, Developments in terrain-
following ocean models: intercomparison of numerical aspects, Ocean
Modelling, 4(2002), 249-267.
[12] T. F. Hogan and T. E. Rosmond, The description of the Navy Operational
Global Atmospheric System-s spectral forecast model, Monthly Weather
Review, 119(1991), 1786-1815.
[13] W. G. Large and S. Pond, Open ocean momentum fluxes in moderate
to strong winds, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 11(1981), 324-336.
[14] W. Wannawong, U. W. Humphries and A. Luadsong, The application
of curvilinear coordinate for primitive equation in the Gulf of Thailand,
Thai Journal of Mathematics, 6(2008), 89-108.
[15] W. Wannawong, U. W. Humphries, P. Wongwises, S. Vongvisessomjai
and W. Lueangaram, A numerical study of two coordinates for energy
balance equations by wave model, Thai Journal of Mathematics,
8(2010), 197-214.
[16] W. Wannawong, U. W. Humphries, P. Wongwises, S. Vongvisessomjai
and W. Lueangaram, Numerical modeling and computation of storm
surge for primitive equation by hydrodynamic model, Thai Journal of
Mathematics, 8(2010), 347-363.
[17] W. Wannawong, U. W. Humphries, P. Wongwises, S. Vongvisessomjai
and W. Lueangaram, Numerical analysis of wave and hydrodynamic
models for energy balance and primitive equations, International Journal
of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, 4(2010), 140-150.
[18] W. Wannawong, U. W. Humphries, P. Wongwises and S. Vongvisessomjai,
Three steps of one-way nested grid for energy balance equations by
wave model, International Journal of Computational and Mathematical
Sciences, 1(2011), 23-30.
[1] A. F. Blumberg and G. L. Mellor, A description of a three-dimensional
coastal ocean circulation model, In N. S. Heaps, editor, Three-
Dimensional Coastal Ocean Models, Coastal and Estuarine Sciences,
American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 4(1987), 1-16.
[2] G. L. Mellor, An equation of state for numerical models of oceans and
estuaries, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 8(1991),
609-611.
[3] K. F. Bowden, Physical oceanography of coastal waters, Ellis Horwood,
Southampton, UK., (1983), 302.
[4] M. D. Powell, P. J. Vivkery and T. A. Reinhold, Reduced drag coefficient
for high wind speeds in tropical cyclones, Nature, 422(2003), 278-283.
[5] M. O. Edwards, Global Gridded Elevation and Bathymetry on 5-Minute
Geographic Grid (ETOPO5), NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center,
Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A., 1989.
[6] P. Harr, R. Ellsberry, T. Hogan and W. Clune, North Pacific cyclone sea-
level pressure errors with NOGAPS, Weather and Forecasting, 7(1992),
3.
[7] S. Levitus, R. Burgett and T. Boyer, World Ocean Atlas: Salinity, NOAA
Atlas NESDIS 3, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.,
U.S.A., 3(1994b), 99.
[8] S. Levitus and T. Boyer, World Ocean Atlas: Temperature, NOAA Atlas
NESDIS 4, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., U.S.A.,
4(1994a), 117.
[9] S. Vongvisessomjai, P. Chatanantavet and P. Srivihok, Interaction of
tide and salinity barrier: Limitation of numerical model, Songklanakarin
Journal of Science and Technology, 30(2008), 531-538.
[10] T. D. Pugh, Tides, Surges and Mean Sea-Level, John Wiley & Sons,
London, UK., (1987), 472.
[11] T. Ezer, H. Arango and A. F. Shchepetkin, Developments in terrain-
following ocean models: intercomparison of numerical aspects, Ocean
Modelling, 4(2002), 249-267.
[12] T. F. Hogan and T. E. Rosmond, The description of the Navy Operational
Global Atmospheric System-s spectral forecast model, Monthly Weather
Review, 119(1991), 1786-1815.
[13] W. G. Large and S. Pond, Open ocean momentum fluxes in moderate
to strong winds, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 11(1981), 324-336.
[14] W. Wannawong, U. W. Humphries and A. Luadsong, The application
of curvilinear coordinate for primitive equation in the Gulf of Thailand,
Thai Journal of Mathematics, 6(2008), 89-108.
[15] W. Wannawong, U. W. Humphries, P. Wongwises, S. Vongvisessomjai
and W. Lueangaram, A numerical study of two coordinates for energy
balance equations by wave model, Thai Journal of Mathematics,
8(2010), 197-214.
[16] W. Wannawong, U. W. Humphries, P. Wongwises, S. Vongvisessomjai
and W. Lueangaram, Numerical modeling and computation of storm
surge for primitive equation by hydrodynamic model, Thai Journal of
Mathematics, 8(2010), 347-363.
[17] W. Wannawong, U. W. Humphries, P. Wongwises, S. Vongvisessomjai
and W. Lueangaram, Numerical analysis of wave and hydrodynamic
models for energy balance and primitive equations, International Journal
of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, 4(2010), 140-150.
[18] W. Wannawong, U. W. Humphries, P. Wongwises and S. Vongvisessomjai,
Three steps of one-way nested grid for energy balance equations by
wave model, International Journal of Computational and Mathematical
Sciences, 1(2011), 23-30.
@article{"International Journal of Engineering, Mathematical and Physical Sciences:55413", author = "Worachat Wannawong and Usa W. HumphriesPrungchan Wongwises and Suphat Vongvisessomjai", title = "Mathematical Modeling of Storm Surge in Three Dimensional Primitive Equations", abstract = "The mathematical modeling of storm surge in sea and
coastal regions such as the South China Sea (SCS) and the Gulf of
Thailand (GoT) are important to study the typhoon characteristics.
The storm surge causes an inundation at a lateral boundary exhibiting
in the coastal zones particularly in the GoT and some part of the SCS.
The model simulations in the three dimensional primitive equations
with a high resolution model are important to protect local properties
and human life from the typhoon surges. In the present study, the
mathematical modeling is used to simulate the typhoon–induced
surges in three case studies of Typhoon Linda 1997. The results
of model simulations at the tide gauge stations can describe the
characteristics of storm surges at the coastal zones.", keywords = "lateral boundary, mathematical modeling, numericalsimulations, three dimensional primitive equations, storm surge.", volume = "5", number = "6", pages = "834-10", }
