Low Temperature Ethanol Gas Sensor based on SnO2/MWNTs Nanocomposite
A composite made of plasma functionalized multiwall
carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) coated with SnO2 was synthesized by
sonochemical precipitation method. Thick layer of this
nanocomposite material was used as ethanol sensor at low
temperatures. The composite sensitivity for ethanol has increased by
a factor of 2 at room temperature and by a factor of 13 at 250°C in
comparison to that of pure SnO2. SEM image of nanocomposite
material showed MWNTs were embedded in SnO2 matrix and also a
higher surface area was observed in the presence of functionalized
MWNTs. Greatly improved sensitivity of the composite material to
ethanol can be attributed to new gas accessing passes through
MWNTs and higher specific surface area.
[1] J.F. McAleer, P.T. Moseley, J.O.W. Norris, D.E. Williams, P. Taylor,
B.C. Tofield, "Tin oxide based gas sensors", Materials chemistry and
physics, vol. 17, pp. 577-583,1987.
[2] E. Comini, "Metal oxide nano-crystals for gas sensing", Analytica
Chimica Acta, vol. 568, pp. 28-40, 2006.
[3] R.M.Walton, D.J. Dwyer, J.W. Schwank, "Gas sensing based on surface
oxidation/reduction of platinum -titania thin films II. The role of
chemisorbed oxygen in film sensitization Applied surface science", vol.
125, pp. 199-207, 1998.
[4] M.I. Baraton, L. Merhari, "Surface property control of semiconducting
metal oxide nanoparticles", Nanostructured Materials, vol. 10, pp. 699-
713, 1998.
[5] P. Ivanoc, E. Llobet, X.Vilanova, J. Brezmes, J. Hubalek, X. Corrig,
"Development of high sensitivity ethanol gas sensors based on Pt-doped
SnO2 surfaces", Sensors and Actuators B, vol. 99, pp. 201-206, 2004.
[6] R.S. Niranjan, V.A. Chaudhary, I.S. Mulla, "A novel hydrogen sulfide
room temperature sensor based on copper nanocluster functionalized tin
oxide thin films", Sensors and Actuators B, vol. 85, pp. 26-32, 2002.
[7] E. Comini, G. Faglia, G. Sberveglieri, "UV light activation of tin oxide
thin films for NO2 sensing at low temperatures", Sensors and Actuators
B, vol. 78, pp. 73-77, 2001.
[8] R.S. Niranjan,Y.K.Hwang, D.-K. Kim, S.H. Jhung, J.-S. Chang, I.S.
Mulla, "Nanostructured tin oxide: Synthesis and gas-sensing properties",
Materials chemistry and physics, vol. 92, pp. 384-388, 2005.
[9] P.M. Ajayan, S. Iijima, "Capillarity-induced filling of carbon
nanotubes", Nature, vol. 361, pp. 333-334, 1993.
[10] C.H. Kiang, J.S. Choi, T.T. Tran, A.D. Bacher, "Molecular Nanowires
of 1 nm Diameter from Capillary Filling of Single-Walled Carbon
Nanotubes", Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 103, pp. 7449-
7451,1999.
[11] S.C. Tsang, Y.K. Chen, P.J.F. Harris, M.L.H Green, "A simple chemical
method of opening and filling carbon nanotubes", Nature, vol. 372, pp.
159-162, 1994.
[12] P.M. Ajayan, O. Stephan, P. Redlich, C. Colliex, "Carbon nanotubes as
removable templates for metal oxide nanocomposites and
nanostructures" Nature, vol. 375, pp. 564-567, 1995.
[13] C. Xu, J. Sloan, G. Brown, S. Bailey, V.C. Williams, S. Friedrichs, K.S.
Coleman, E. Flahaut, J.L. Hutchison, R.E. Dunin-Borkowski,
M.L.H.Green, Chemical Communications, vol. 24, pp. 2427-2428, 2000.
[14] Y. Zhang, N.W. Franklin, R.J. Chen, H.J. Dai, "Metal coating on
suspended carbon nanotubes and its implication to metal-tube
interaction", Chemical Physics Letter, vol. 331, pp. 35-41, 2000.
[15] H. Kim, W. Sigmund, "Zinc oxide nanowires on carbon nanotubes",
Applied Physics Letter, vol. 81, pp. 2085-2087, 2002.
[16] W.Q. Han, A. Zettl, "Coating Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Tin
Oxide", Nano Letter, vol. 3, pp.681-683, 2003.
[17] Y. Chen, C. Zhu, T. Wang, "The enhanced ethanol sensing properties of
multi-walled carbon nanotubes/SnO2 core/shell nanostructures"
Nanotechnology, vol. 17, pp. 3012-3017, 2006.
[18] Y. Liu, H. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Liu, G. Shen, R. Yu , "Gas sensing
properties of tin dioxide coated onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes",
Thin Solid Films, vol. 497, pp. 355-360, 2006.
[19] Y. X. Liang, Y. J. Chen, T. H. Wang, "Low-resistance gas sensors
fabricated from multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with a thin tin
oxide layer", Applied Physics Letter, vol. 85, pp. 666-668, 2004.
[20] B.C. Satishkumar, E.M. Vogl, A. Govindaraj, C.N.R. Rao, "The
decoration of carbon nanotubes by metal nanoparticles", Journal of
physics D: Applied physics, vol. 29, pp. 3173-3176, 1996.
[21] J. Xie, V. K. Varadan, "Synthesis and characterization of high surface
area tin oxide/functionalized carbon nanotubes composite as anode
materials Materials", Chemistry and Physics, vol. 91, pp. 274-280, 2005.
[22] R. Ionescu, E.H. Espinosa, E. Sotter, E. Llobet, X. Vilanova, X.
Correig,A. Felten, C. Bittencourt, G. Van Lier, J.-C. Charlier, J.J.
Pireaux, "Oxygen functionalisation of MWNT and their use as gas
sensitive thick-film layers", Sensors and Actuators B, vol. 113, pp. 36-
46, 2006.
[23] J. Gong, J. Sun, Q. Chen, "Micromachined sol-gel carbon
nanotube/SnO2 nanocomposite hydrogen sensor", Sensors and Actuators
B, vol. 130, pp. 829-835, 2008.
[24] B. Wei, M. Hsu, P. Su, H. Lin, R. Wu, H. Lai, "A novel SnO2 gas sensor
doped with carbon nanotubes operating at room temperature", Sensors
and Actuators B, vol. 101, pp. 81-89,2004.
[1] J.F. McAleer, P.T. Moseley, J.O.W. Norris, D.E. Williams, P. Taylor,
B.C. Tofield, "Tin oxide based gas sensors", Materials chemistry and
physics, vol. 17, pp. 577-583,1987.
[2] E. Comini, "Metal oxide nano-crystals for gas sensing", Analytica
Chimica Acta, vol. 568, pp. 28-40, 2006.
[3] R.M.Walton, D.J. Dwyer, J.W. Schwank, "Gas sensing based on surface
oxidation/reduction of platinum -titania thin films II. The role of
chemisorbed oxygen in film sensitization Applied surface science", vol.
125, pp. 199-207, 1998.
[4] M.I. Baraton, L. Merhari, "Surface property control of semiconducting
metal oxide nanoparticles", Nanostructured Materials, vol. 10, pp. 699-
713, 1998.
[5] P. Ivanoc, E. Llobet, X.Vilanova, J. Brezmes, J. Hubalek, X. Corrig,
"Development of high sensitivity ethanol gas sensors based on Pt-doped
SnO2 surfaces", Sensors and Actuators B, vol. 99, pp. 201-206, 2004.
[6] R.S. Niranjan, V.A. Chaudhary, I.S. Mulla, "A novel hydrogen sulfide
room temperature sensor based on copper nanocluster functionalized tin
oxide thin films", Sensors and Actuators B, vol. 85, pp. 26-32, 2002.
[7] E. Comini, G. Faglia, G. Sberveglieri, "UV light activation of tin oxide
thin films for NO2 sensing at low temperatures", Sensors and Actuators
B, vol. 78, pp. 73-77, 2001.
[8] R.S. Niranjan,Y.K.Hwang, D.-K. Kim, S.H. Jhung, J.-S. Chang, I.S.
Mulla, "Nanostructured tin oxide: Synthesis and gas-sensing properties",
Materials chemistry and physics, vol. 92, pp. 384-388, 2005.
[9] P.M. Ajayan, S. Iijima, "Capillarity-induced filling of carbon
nanotubes", Nature, vol. 361, pp. 333-334, 1993.
[10] C.H. Kiang, J.S. Choi, T.T. Tran, A.D. Bacher, "Molecular Nanowires
of 1 nm Diameter from Capillary Filling of Single-Walled Carbon
Nanotubes", Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 103, pp. 7449-
7451,1999.
[11] S.C. Tsang, Y.K. Chen, P.J.F. Harris, M.L.H Green, "A simple chemical
method of opening and filling carbon nanotubes", Nature, vol. 372, pp.
159-162, 1994.
[12] P.M. Ajayan, O. Stephan, P. Redlich, C. Colliex, "Carbon nanotubes as
removable templates for metal oxide nanocomposites and
nanostructures" Nature, vol. 375, pp. 564-567, 1995.
[13] C. Xu, J. Sloan, G. Brown, S. Bailey, V.C. Williams, S. Friedrichs, K.S.
Coleman, E. Flahaut, J.L. Hutchison, R.E. Dunin-Borkowski,
M.L.H.Green, Chemical Communications, vol. 24, pp. 2427-2428, 2000.
[14] Y. Zhang, N.W. Franklin, R.J. Chen, H.J. Dai, "Metal coating on
suspended carbon nanotubes and its implication to metal-tube
interaction", Chemical Physics Letter, vol. 331, pp. 35-41, 2000.
[15] H. Kim, W. Sigmund, "Zinc oxide nanowires on carbon nanotubes",
Applied Physics Letter, vol. 81, pp. 2085-2087, 2002.
[16] W.Q. Han, A. Zettl, "Coating Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Tin
Oxide", Nano Letter, vol. 3, pp.681-683, 2003.
[17] Y. Chen, C. Zhu, T. Wang, "The enhanced ethanol sensing properties of
multi-walled carbon nanotubes/SnO2 core/shell nanostructures"
Nanotechnology, vol. 17, pp. 3012-3017, 2006.
[18] Y. Liu, H. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Liu, G. Shen, R. Yu , "Gas sensing
properties of tin dioxide coated onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes",
Thin Solid Films, vol. 497, pp. 355-360, 2006.
[19] Y. X. Liang, Y. J. Chen, T. H. Wang, "Low-resistance gas sensors
fabricated from multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with a thin tin
oxide layer", Applied Physics Letter, vol. 85, pp. 666-668, 2004.
[20] B.C. Satishkumar, E.M. Vogl, A. Govindaraj, C.N.R. Rao, "The
decoration of carbon nanotubes by metal nanoparticles", Journal of
physics D: Applied physics, vol. 29, pp. 3173-3176, 1996.
[21] J. Xie, V. K. Varadan, "Synthesis and characterization of high surface
area tin oxide/functionalized carbon nanotubes composite as anode
materials Materials", Chemistry and Physics, vol. 91, pp. 274-280, 2005.
[22] R. Ionescu, E.H. Espinosa, E. Sotter, E. Llobet, X. Vilanova, X.
Correig,A. Felten, C. Bittencourt, G. Van Lier, J.-C. Charlier, J.J.
Pireaux, "Oxygen functionalisation of MWNT and their use as gas
sensitive thick-film layers", Sensors and Actuators B, vol. 113, pp. 36-
46, 2006.
[23] J. Gong, J. Sun, Q. Chen, "Micromachined sol-gel carbon
nanotube/SnO2 nanocomposite hydrogen sensor", Sensors and Actuators
B, vol. 130, pp. 829-835, 2008.
[24] B. Wei, M. Hsu, P. Su, H. Lin, R. Wu, H. Lai, "A novel SnO2 gas sensor
doped with carbon nanotubes operating at room temperature", Sensors
and Actuators B, vol. 101, pp. 81-89,2004.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:51613", author = "O. Alizadeh Sahraei and A. Khodadadi and Y. Mortazavi and M. Vesali Naseh and S. Mosadegh", title = "Low Temperature Ethanol Gas Sensor based on SnO2/MWNTs Nanocomposite", abstract = "A composite made of plasma functionalized multiwall
carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) coated with SnO2 was synthesized by
sonochemical precipitation method. Thick layer of this
nanocomposite material was used as ethanol sensor at low
temperatures. The composite sensitivity for ethanol has increased by
a factor of 2 at room temperature and by a factor of 13 at 250°C in
comparison to that of pure SnO2. SEM image of nanocomposite
material showed MWNTs were embedded in SnO2 matrix and also a
higher surface area was observed in the presence of functionalized
MWNTs. Greatly improved sensitivity of the composite material to
ethanol can be attributed to new gas accessing passes through
MWNTs and higher specific surface area.", keywords = "Carbon nanotube, Functionalized, Gas sensor, Low
temperature, Nanocomposite, Tin oxide.", volume = "3", number = "1", pages = "6-4", }
