Lightweight High-Pressure Ratio Centrifugal Compressor for Vehicles-Investigation of Pipe Diffuser Designs by Means of CFD
The subject of this paper is the investigation of the
best efficiency design of a compressor diffuser applied in new
lightweight, ultra efficient micro-gas turbine engines for vehicles. The
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results are obtained utilizing
steady state simulations for a wedge and an ”oval” type pipe diffuser
in an effort to identify the beneficial effects of the pipe diffuser
design. The basic flow features are presented with particular focus
on the optimization of the pipe diffuser leading to higher efficiencies
for the compressor stage. The optimised pipe diffuser is designed to
exploit the 3D freedom enabled by Selective Laser Melting, hence
purposely involves an investigation of geometric characteristics that
do not follow the traditional diffuser concept.
[1] D. Japikse, Centrifugal Compressor Design and Performance, Concepts
ETI Inc. 452 p., Vermont, USA, 1996.
[2] D. Kenny, Supersonic Radial Diffusers, AGARD Lecture Series, Vol. 39
VKI, Brussels, Belgium, 1970.
[3] P. M. Came, The Current State of Research and Design in High Pressure
Ratio Centrifugal Compressors, Procurement Executive, Ministry of
Defence, Aeronautical Research Council, C. P. No. 1363, 1977.
[4] D. R. Grates, P. Jeschke, R. Niehuis, Numerical Investigation of the
Unsteady Flow Inside a Centrifugal Compressor Stage with Pipe Diffuser,
Journal of Turbomachinery, Vol. 136, pp. 031012-1-13, 2014.
[5] D. S. Krige, Performance Evaluation of a Micro Gas Turbine Centrifugal
Compressor Diffuser, Master Thesis, Stellenbosch University, March
2013.
[6] G. Pavesi, Impeller Volute and Diffuser Interaction, Design and
Analysis of High Speed Pumps, Science and Technology Organisation,
RTO-EN-AVT-143, pp. 6-1- 6-28, 2006.
[7] J. Schiff, A Preliminary Design Tool for Radial Compressors, Master
Thesis, Lund University, Sweden, June 2013.
[8] M. Casey, D. Rusch, The Matching of a Vaned Diffuser with a
Radial Compressor Impeller and Its Effect on the Stage Performance,
Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo, GT2014-25003, Dusseldorf,
Germany, June 16-20, 2014.
[9] W. W. Clements, D. W. Artt, The Influence of Diffuser Vane Leading Edge
Geometry on the Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor, ASME Gas
Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition, 89-GT-163, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada, June 4-8, 1989.
[10] R. H. Aungier, Centrifugal Compressors: A Strategy for Aerodynamic
Design and Analysis, ASME Press 328 p., ISBN: 9780791800935, 2000.
[11] T. Jiang, T. T. Yang, Improved Vane-Island Diffusers at High Swirl,
ASME, 82-GT-68, 1982.
[12] E. Benini, A. Toffolo, A. Lazzaretto, Experimental and Numerical
Analyses to Enhance the Performance of a Microturbine Diffuser,
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol.30 (5), pp. 427-440, 2006.
[13] M. Olivero, Evolution of a Centrifugal Compressor, from Turbocharger
to Micro Gas Turbine Applications, Doctoral Thesis, Technical University
of Delft, Netherlands, 2012.
[14] G. Han, X. Lu, Sh. Zhao, Ch. Yang, J. Zhu Parametric Studies of Pipe
Diffuser on Performance of a Highly Loaded Centrifugal Compressor,
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol.136 (12),
122604-1-10, 2014.
[15] G. B. Reeves, Design and Performance of Selected Pipe-Type Diffusers,
ASME, 77-GT-104, 1977.
[16] I. Bennett, A. ourlidakis, R. L. Elder The Design and Analysis of Pipe
Diffusers for Centrifugal Compressors, Proceedings of the Institution of
Mechanical Engineers, Vol.214 (1), pp. 87-96, 2000.
[17] V. G. Filipenco, S. Deniz, J. M. Johnston, E. M. Greitzer, N. A.
Cumpsty Effects of inlet flow field conditions on the performance of
centrifugal compressor diffusers: Part 1Discrete-passage diffuser, Journal
of Turbomachinery, Vol.122 (1), pp. 1-10, 2000.
[18] M. Inoue, N. A. Cumpsty Experimental Study of Centrifugal Impeller
Discharge Flow in Vaneless and Vaned Diffusers, Journal of Engineering
for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol.106 (2), pp. 455-467, 2009.
[19] N. N. Mansour, J. Kim, P. Moin Near-Wall k−ε Turbulence Modeling,
AIAA Journal, Vol.27 (8), pp. 1068-1073, 1989.
[1] D. Japikse, Centrifugal Compressor Design and Performance, Concepts
ETI Inc. 452 p., Vermont, USA, 1996.
[2] D. Kenny, Supersonic Radial Diffusers, AGARD Lecture Series, Vol. 39
VKI, Brussels, Belgium, 1970.
[3] P. M. Came, The Current State of Research and Design in High Pressure
Ratio Centrifugal Compressors, Procurement Executive, Ministry of
Defence, Aeronautical Research Council, C. P. No. 1363, 1977.
[4] D. R. Grates, P. Jeschke, R. Niehuis, Numerical Investigation of the
Unsteady Flow Inside a Centrifugal Compressor Stage with Pipe Diffuser,
Journal of Turbomachinery, Vol. 136, pp. 031012-1-13, 2014.
[5] D. S. Krige, Performance Evaluation of a Micro Gas Turbine Centrifugal
Compressor Diffuser, Master Thesis, Stellenbosch University, March
2013.
[6] G. Pavesi, Impeller Volute and Diffuser Interaction, Design and
Analysis of High Speed Pumps, Science and Technology Organisation,
RTO-EN-AVT-143, pp. 6-1- 6-28, 2006.
[7] J. Schiff, A Preliminary Design Tool for Radial Compressors, Master
Thesis, Lund University, Sweden, June 2013.
[8] M. Casey, D. Rusch, The Matching of a Vaned Diffuser with a
Radial Compressor Impeller and Its Effect on the Stage Performance,
Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo, GT2014-25003, Dusseldorf,
Germany, June 16-20, 2014.
[9] W. W. Clements, D. W. Artt, The Influence of Diffuser Vane Leading Edge
Geometry on the Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor, ASME Gas
Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition, 89-GT-163, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada, June 4-8, 1989.
[10] R. H. Aungier, Centrifugal Compressors: A Strategy for Aerodynamic
Design and Analysis, ASME Press 328 p., ISBN: 9780791800935, 2000.
[11] T. Jiang, T. T. Yang, Improved Vane-Island Diffusers at High Swirl,
ASME, 82-GT-68, 1982.
[12] E. Benini, A. Toffolo, A. Lazzaretto, Experimental and Numerical
Analyses to Enhance the Performance of a Microturbine Diffuser,
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Vol.30 (5), pp. 427-440, 2006.
[13] M. Olivero, Evolution of a Centrifugal Compressor, from Turbocharger
to Micro Gas Turbine Applications, Doctoral Thesis, Technical University
of Delft, Netherlands, 2012.
[14] G. Han, X. Lu, Sh. Zhao, Ch. Yang, J. Zhu Parametric Studies of Pipe
Diffuser on Performance of a Highly Loaded Centrifugal Compressor,
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol.136 (12),
122604-1-10, 2014.
[15] G. B. Reeves, Design and Performance of Selected Pipe-Type Diffusers,
ASME, 77-GT-104, 1977.
[16] I. Bennett, A. ourlidakis, R. L. Elder The Design and Analysis of Pipe
Diffusers for Centrifugal Compressors, Proceedings of the Institution of
Mechanical Engineers, Vol.214 (1), pp. 87-96, 2000.
[17] V. G. Filipenco, S. Deniz, J. M. Johnston, E. M. Greitzer, N. A.
Cumpsty Effects of inlet flow field conditions on the performance of
centrifugal compressor diffusers: Part 1Discrete-passage diffuser, Journal
of Turbomachinery, Vol.122 (1), pp. 1-10, 2000.
[18] M. Inoue, N. A. Cumpsty Experimental Study of Centrifugal Impeller
Discharge Flow in Vaneless and Vaned Diffusers, Journal of Engineering
for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol.106 (2), pp. 455-467, 2009.
[19] N. N. Mansour, J. Kim, P. Moin Near-Wall k−ε Turbulence Modeling,
AIAA Journal, Vol.27 (8), pp. 1068-1073, 1989.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:72610", author = "Eleni Ioannou and Pascal Nucara and Keith Pullen", title = "Lightweight High-Pressure Ratio Centrifugal Compressor for Vehicles-Investigation of Pipe Diffuser Designs by Means of CFD", abstract = "The subject of this paper is the investigation of the
best efficiency design of a compressor diffuser applied in new
lightweight, ultra efficient micro-gas turbine engines for vehicles. The
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results are obtained utilizing
steady state simulations for a wedge and an ”oval” type pipe diffuser
in an effort to identify the beneficial effects of the pipe diffuser
design. The basic flow features are presented with particular focus
on the optimization of the pipe diffuser leading to higher efficiencies
for the compressor stage. The optimised pipe diffuser is designed to
exploit the 3D freedom enabled by Selective Laser Melting, hence
purposely involves an investigation of geometric characteristics that
do not follow the traditional diffuser concept.", keywords = "CFD, centrifugal compressor, micro-gas turbine, pipe
diffuser, SLM, wedge diffuser.", volume = "10", number = "2", pages = "403-6", }
