Laboratory Analysis of Stormwater Runoff Hydraulic and Pollutant Removal Performance of Pervious Concrete Based on Seashell By-Products
In order to solve problems associated with stormwater runoff in urban areas and their effects on natural and artificial water bodies, the integration of new technical solutions to the rainwater drainage becomes even more essential. Permeable pavement systems are one of the most widely used techniques. This paper presents a laboratory analysis of stormwater runoff hydraulic and pollutant removal performance of permeable pavement system using pervious pavements based on seashell products. The laboratory prototype is a square column of 25 cm of side and consists of the surface in pervious concrete, a bedding of 3 cm in height, a geotextile and a subbase layer of 50 cm in height. A series of constant simulated rain events using semi-synthetic runoff which varied in intensity and duration were carried out. The initial vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity of the entire pervious pavement system was 0.25 cm/s (148 L/m2/min). The hydraulic functioning was influenced by both the inlet flow rate value and the test duration. The total water losses including evaporation ranged between 9% to 20% for all hydraulic experiments. The temporal and vertical variability of the pollutant removal efficiency (PRE) of the system were studied for total suspended solids (TSS). The results showed that the PRE along the vertical profile was influenced by the size of the suspended solids, and the pervious paver has the highest capacity to trap pollutant than the other porous layers of the permeable pavement system after the geotextile. The TSS removal efficiency was about 80% for the entire system. The first-flush effect of TSS was observed, but it appeared only at the beginning (2 to 6 min) of the experiments. It has been shown that the PPS can capture first-flush. The project in which this study is integrated aims to contribute to both the valorization of shellfish waste and the sustainable management of rainwater.
[1] P. D. Tennis, M. L. Leming and M. J. Akers. “Pervious concrete pavements”. Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association, 2004.
[2] C. Dierkes, L. Kuhlmann, J. Kandasamy et al. “Pollution retention capability and maintenance of permeable pavements”, in Global Solutions for Urban Drainage. 2002. p. 1-13.
[3] M. E. Dietz, “Low impact development practices: A review of current research and recommendations for future directions”, in Water, air, and soil pollution, 2007, 186(1-4), 351-363.
[4] M. L. Leming, H. R. Malcom, and P. D. Tennis, “Hydrologic design of pervious concrete”. 2007.
[5] Union nationale des producteurs de granulats, http://www.unpg.fr/, 2017, Visited on April 26, 2017
[6] France Agri Mer, Les filières pêche et aquaculture en France, edition april 2016, 36 pages
[7] C. Engelaère-Robillard. “Etude de valorisation des coproduits marins coquilliers sous forme d'additions et de granulats dans les matériaux cimentaires”. Doctoral thesis – Caen. 2012.
[8] H-Y. Wang, W-T. Kuo, C-C. Lin, et al. “Study of the material properties of fly ash added to oyster cement mortar”, in Construction and Building Materials, 2013, vol. 41, p. 532-537.
[9] D. N. Nguyen, M. Boutouil, N. Sebaibi, et al. “Valorization of seashell by-products in pervious concrete pavers”, in Construction and Building Materials, 2013, vol. 49, p. 151-160.
[10] D. N. Nguyen, N. Sebaibi, M. Boutouil, et al. “A modified method for the design of pervious concrete mix”, in Construction and Building Materials, 2014, vol. 73, p. 271-282.
[11] D. N. Nguyen, M. Boutouil, N. Sebaibi, et al. “Durability of pervious concrete using crushed seashells”, in Construction and Building Materials, 2017, vol. 135, p. 137-150.
[12] M. C. Gromaire-Mertz, S. Garnaud, A. Gonzalez et al. “Characterisation of urban runoff pollution in Paris”, in Water Science and Technology, 1999, vol. 39, no 2, p. 1-8.
[13] E. Q. Segismundo, L-H. Kim, S-M. Jeong, et al. “A Laboratory Study on the Filtration and Clogging of the Sand-Bottom Ash Mixture for Stormwater Infiltration Filter Media”, in Water, 2017, vol. 9, no 1, p. 32.
[14] G. Langergraber, R. Haberl, J. Laber, et al. “Evaluation of substrate clogging processes in vertical flow constructed wetlands”, in Water Science and Technology, 2003, vol. 48, no 5, p. 25-34.
[15] B. E. Hatt, T. D. Fletcher, and A. Deletic. “Treatment performance of gravel filter media: Implications for design and application of stormwater infiltration systems”, in Water research, 2007, vol. 41, no 12, p. 2513-2524.
[16] P. Knowles, G. Dotro, J. Nivala, et al. “Clogging in subsurface-flow treatment wetlands: occurrence and contributing factors”, in Ecological Engineering, 2011, vol. 37, no 2, p. 99-112.
[17] S. P. Walsh. “The effect of sediment accumulation on the hydraulic conductivity of pervious concrete”. 2010. Doctoral thesis. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.
[18] C. J. Pratt. “Application of geosynthetics in sustainable drainage systems”, in 1st Int. Geosynthetics Society, 2003, p. 121-135.
[19] M. Scholz. “Water quality improvement performance of geotextiles within permeable pavement systems: A critical review”, in Water, 2013, vol. 5, no 2, p. 462-479.
[20] S. J. Coupe, H. G. Smith, A. P. Newman, et al. “Biodegradation and microbial diversity within permeable pavements”, in European Journal of Protistology, 2003, vol. 39, no 4, p. 495-498.
[21] PTV 122 –PTV 122 “Permeable pavers and concrete slabs”. Edition 2 - 2005, Probeton ref. T 05/0063 N – C1:2005.02.15-Mod.2.
[22] FGSV 947: “Merkblatt für die wasserdurchlässige Befestigung von Verkehrsflächen”, in Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen - und Verkehrswesen; Köln. 1998.
[23] NF EN 1338, “Concrete paving blocks - Requirements and test methods”, 2004, 68p.
[24] NF EN 1339, “Concrete paving flags - Requirements and test methods”, 2004, 70p.
[25] NF EN 1097-6, “Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 6: determination of particle density and water absorption”, 2014, p58.
[26] ASTM, C. 29/C 29M, “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1997, vol. 4.
[27] ASTM C1688 / C1688M - 14a “Standard Test Method for Density and Void Content of Freshly Mixed Pervious Concrete”. 2014.
[28] S. Rahman, V. Henderson, S. L. Tighe, S. L., et al. “Long Term Drainage Performance of Pervious Concrete Pavements in Canada”, in Transportation 2014: Past, Present, Future-2014 Conference and Exhibition of the Transportation Association of Canada//Transport. 2014.
[29] L. V. Noto, V. Y. Ivanov, R. L. Bras, et al. “Effects of initialization on response of a fully-distributed hydrologic model”, in Journal of Hydrology, 2008, vol. 352, no 1, p. 107-125.
[30] J.J. Randrianarimanana, “Etude expérimentale de la représentativité spatiale des vitesses et des polluants particulaires en réseau d’assainissement”. Doctoral thesis. Université de Nantes. 2017.
[31] M. C. Gromaire, L. Veiga, M. Grimaldi, N. Aires. “Outils de bonne gestion des eaux de ruissellement en zones urbaines”, Agence de l’eau Seine-Normandie; 63p. 2013.
[32] AFNOR, Norme, NF EN 872, “Water quality - Determination of suspended solids - Method by filtration through glass fibre filters”, 2005. 10p.
[33] C. J. Pratt, J. D. G. Mantle, and P. A. Schofield. “Urban stormwater reduction and quality improvement through the use of permeable pavements”, in Water science and technology, 1989, vol. 21, no 8-9, p. 769-778.
[34] R. A. Brown, D. E. Line and W. F. Hunt. “LID treatment train: Pervious concrete with subsurface storage in series with bioretention and care with seasonal high water tables”, in Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2011, vol. 138, no 6, p. 689-697.
[35] M. Rommel, M. Rus, J. Argue et al. “Carpark with 1 to 1 (impervious/permeable) paving: performance of formpave blocks”, in Nouvelles technologies en assainissement pluvial”. Conference international. 2001. p. 807-814.
[36] E. Z. Bean, W. F. Hunt, D. A. Bidelspach. “Field survey of permeable pavement surface infiltration rates”, in Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering”. 2007. 133(3), 249-255.
[37] W. James and H. Von Langsdorff. “The use of permeable concrete block pavement in controlling environmental stressors in urban areas”, in 7th international conference on concrete block paving, Sun City, South Africa. 2003.
[1] P. D. Tennis, M. L. Leming and M. J. Akers. “Pervious concrete pavements”. Skokie, IL: Portland Cement Association, 2004.
[2] C. Dierkes, L. Kuhlmann, J. Kandasamy et al. “Pollution retention capability and maintenance of permeable pavements”, in Global Solutions for Urban Drainage. 2002. p. 1-13.
[3] M. E. Dietz, “Low impact development practices: A review of current research and recommendations for future directions”, in Water, air, and soil pollution, 2007, 186(1-4), 351-363.
[4] M. L. Leming, H. R. Malcom, and P. D. Tennis, “Hydrologic design of pervious concrete”. 2007.
[5] Union nationale des producteurs de granulats, http://www.unpg.fr/, 2017, Visited on April 26, 2017
[6] France Agri Mer, Les filières pêche et aquaculture en France, edition april 2016, 36 pages
[7] C. Engelaère-Robillard. “Etude de valorisation des coproduits marins coquilliers sous forme d'additions et de granulats dans les matériaux cimentaires”. Doctoral thesis – Caen. 2012.
[8] H-Y. Wang, W-T. Kuo, C-C. Lin, et al. “Study of the material properties of fly ash added to oyster cement mortar”, in Construction and Building Materials, 2013, vol. 41, p. 532-537.
[9] D. N. Nguyen, M. Boutouil, N. Sebaibi, et al. “Valorization of seashell by-products in pervious concrete pavers”, in Construction and Building Materials, 2013, vol. 49, p. 151-160.
[10] D. N. Nguyen, N. Sebaibi, M. Boutouil, et al. “A modified method for the design of pervious concrete mix”, in Construction and Building Materials, 2014, vol. 73, p. 271-282.
[11] D. N. Nguyen, M. Boutouil, N. Sebaibi, et al. “Durability of pervious concrete using crushed seashells”, in Construction and Building Materials, 2017, vol. 135, p. 137-150.
[12] M. C. Gromaire-Mertz, S. Garnaud, A. Gonzalez et al. “Characterisation of urban runoff pollution in Paris”, in Water Science and Technology, 1999, vol. 39, no 2, p. 1-8.
[13] E. Q. Segismundo, L-H. Kim, S-M. Jeong, et al. “A Laboratory Study on the Filtration and Clogging of the Sand-Bottom Ash Mixture for Stormwater Infiltration Filter Media”, in Water, 2017, vol. 9, no 1, p. 32.
[14] G. Langergraber, R. Haberl, J. Laber, et al. “Evaluation of substrate clogging processes in vertical flow constructed wetlands”, in Water Science and Technology, 2003, vol. 48, no 5, p. 25-34.
[15] B. E. Hatt, T. D. Fletcher, and A. Deletic. “Treatment performance of gravel filter media: Implications for design and application of stormwater infiltration systems”, in Water research, 2007, vol. 41, no 12, p. 2513-2524.
[16] P. Knowles, G. Dotro, J. Nivala, et al. “Clogging in subsurface-flow treatment wetlands: occurrence and contributing factors”, in Ecological Engineering, 2011, vol. 37, no 2, p. 99-112.
[17] S. P. Walsh. “The effect of sediment accumulation on the hydraulic conductivity of pervious concrete”. 2010. Doctoral thesis. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey.
[18] C. J. Pratt. “Application of geosynthetics in sustainable drainage systems”, in 1st Int. Geosynthetics Society, 2003, p. 121-135.
[19] M. Scholz. “Water quality improvement performance of geotextiles within permeable pavement systems: A critical review”, in Water, 2013, vol. 5, no 2, p. 462-479.
[20] S. J. Coupe, H. G. Smith, A. P. Newman, et al. “Biodegradation and microbial diversity within permeable pavements”, in European Journal of Protistology, 2003, vol. 39, no 4, p. 495-498.
[21] PTV 122 –PTV 122 “Permeable pavers and concrete slabs”. Edition 2 - 2005, Probeton ref. T 05/0063 N – C1:2005.02.15-Mod.2.
[22] FGSV 947: “Merkblatt für die wasserdurchlässige Befestigung von Verkehrsflächen”, in Forschungsgesellschaft für Straßen - und Verkehrswesen; Köln. 1998.
[23] NF EN 1338, “Concrete paving blocks - Requirements and test methods”, 2004, 68p.
[24] NF EN 1339, “Concrete paving flags - Requirements and test methods”, 2004, 70p.
[25] NF EN 1097-6, “Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates - Part 6: determination of particle density and water absorption”, 2014, p58.
[26] ASTM, C. 29/C 29M, “Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate”, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 1997, vol. 4.
[27] ASTM C1688 / C1688M - 14a “Standard Test Method for Density and Void Content of Freshly Mixed Pervious Concrete”. 2014.
[28] S. Rahman, V. Henderson, S. L. Tighe, S. L., et al. “Long Term Drainage Performance of Pervious Concrete Pavements in Canada”, in Transportation 2014: Past, Present, Future-2014 Conference and Exhibition of the Transportation Association of Canada//Transport. 2014.
[29] L. V. Noto, V. Y. Ivanov, R. L. Bras, et al. “Effects of initialization on response of a fully-distributed hydrologic model”, in Journal of Hydrology, 2008, vol. 352, no 1, p. 107-125.
[30] J.J. Randrianarimanana, “Etude expérimentale de la représentativité spatiale des vitesses et des polluants particulaires en réseau d’assainissement”. Doctoral thesis. Université de Nantes. 2017.
[31] M. C. Gromaire, L. Veiga, M. Grimaldi, N. Aires. “Outils de bonne gestion des eaux de ruissellement en zones urbaines”, Agence de l’eau Seine-Normandie; 63p. 2013.
[32] AFNOR, Norme, NF EN 872, “Water quality - Determination of suspended solids - Method by filtration through glass fibre filters”, 2005. 10p.
[33] C. J. Pratt, J. D. G. Mantle, and P. A. Schofield. “Urban stormwater reduction and quality improvement through the use of permeable pavements”, in Water science and technology, 1989, vol. 21, no 8-9, p. 769-778.
[34] R. A. Brown, D. E. Line and W. F. Hunt. “LID treatment train: Pervious concrete with subsurface storage in series with bioretention and care with seasonal high water tables”, in Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2011, vol. 138, no 6, p. 689-697.
[35] M. Rommel, M. Rus, J. Argue et al. “Carpark with 1 to 1 (impervious/permeable) paving: performance of formpave blocks”, in Nouvelles technologies en assainissement pluvial”. Conference international. 2001. p. 807-814.
[36] E. Z. Bean, W. F. Hunt, D. A. Bidelspach. “Field survey of permeable pavement surface infiltration rates”, in Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering”. 2007. 133(3), 249-255.
[37] W. James and H. Von Langsdorff. “The use of permeable concrete block pavement in controlling environmental stressors in urban areas”, in 7th international conference on concrete block paving, Sun City, South Africa. 2003.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:76119", author = "Jean-Jacques Randrianarimanana and Nassim Sebaibi and Mohamed Boutouil", title = "Laboratory Analysis of Stormwater Runoff Hydraulic and Pollutant Removal Performance of Pervious Concrete Based on Seashell By-Products", abstract = "In order to solve problems associated with stormwater runoff in urban areas and their effects on natural and artificial water bodies, the integration of new technical solutions to the rainwater drainage becomes even more essential. Permeable pavement systems are one of the most widely used techniques. This paper presents a laboratory analysis of stormwater runoff hydraulic and pollutant removal performance of permeable pavement system using pervious pavements based on seashell products. The laboratory prototype is a square column of 25 cm of side and consists of the surface in pervious concrete, a bedding of 3 cm in height, a geotextile and a subbase layer of 50 cm in height. A series of constant simulated rain events using semi-synthetic runoff which varied in intensity and duration were carried out. The initial vertical saturated hydraulic conductivity of the entire pervious pavement system was 0.25 cm/s (148 L/m2/min). The hydraulic functioning was influenced by both the inlet flow rate value and the test duration. The total water losses including evaporation ranged between 9% to 20% for all hydraulic experiments. The temporal and vertical variability of the pollutant removal efficiency (PRE) of the system were studied for total suspended solids (TSS). The results showed that the PRE along the vertical profile was influenced by the size of the suspended solids, and the pervious paver has the highest capacity to trap pollutant than the other porous layers of the permeable pavement system after the geotextile. The TSS removal efficiency was about 80% for the entire system. The first-flush effect of TSS was observed, but it appeared only at the beginning (2 to 6 min) of the experiments. It has been shown that the PPS can capture first-flush. The project in which this study is integrated aims to contribute to both the valorization of shellfish waste and the sustainable management of rainwater.
", keywords = "Hydraulic, pervious concrete, pollutant removal efficiency, seashell by-products, stormwater runoff.", volume = "11", number = "8", pages = "1059-10", }
