Investigation of Temperature-Dependent Electrical Properties of Tc-CuPc: PCBM Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ) under Dark Conditions
An organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) was fabricated using a blended film containing Copper (II) tetrakis(4-acumylphenoxy) phthalocyanine (Tc-CuPc) along with [6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Weight ratio between Tc-CuPc and PCBM was 1:1. The electrical properties of Tc-CuPc: PCBM BHJ were examined. Rectifying nature of the BHJ was displayed by current-voltage (I-V) curves, recorded in dark and at various temperatures. At low voltages, conduction was ohmic succeeded by space-charge limiting current (SCLC) conduction at higher voltages in which exponential trap distribution was dominant. Series resistance, shunt resistance, ideality factor, effective barrier height and mobility at room temperature were found to be 526 4, 482 k4, 3.7, 0.17 eV and 2×10-7 cm2V-1s-1 respectively. Temperature effect towards different BHJ parameters was observed under dark condition.
[1] K. S. Karimov, K. M. Akhmedov, A. A. Dzhuraev, M. N. Khan, S. M.
Abrarov and M. I. Fiodorov, "Organic-on-inorganic Ag/n-GaAs/p-CuPc/Ag
photoelectric sensor", Eurasian Chem. Technol. J. vol. 2, no. 3-4, pp. 251-256,
2000.
[2] A. Aruchamy, G. Aravamudan and G. V. S. Rao, "Semiconductor based
photoelectrochemical cells for solar energy conversionÔÇöAn overview ", Bull. Mater. Sci. vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 483-526, December 1982.
[3] R. Motoyoshi, A. Suzuki, K. Kikuchi and T. Oku, "Formation and
characterization of copper tetrakis (4-cumylphenoxy) phthalocyanine:perylene
solar cells", Synth. Met. vol. 159, no. 13, pp. 1345-1348, July 2009.
[4] M. M. El-Nahass, A. A. Atta, H. E. A. El-Sayed and E. F. M. El-Zaidia,
"Electrical transport mechanisms and photovoltaic characterisation of
MgPc/p-Silicon hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells", Curr. Org. Chem. vol.
14, no. 1, pp. 84-88, January 2010.
[5] P. C. Kao, S. Y. Chu, S. J. Liu, Z. X. You and C. A. Chuang, "Improved
performance of organic light-emitting diodes using a metal-phthalocyanine hole-injection layer", J. Electrochem. Soc. vol. 153, no. 6, pp. H122-126,
April 2006.
[6] M. S. Roy, P. Balraju, Y. S. Deol, R. K. Mishra, V. S. Choudhary and G. D.
Sharma, "Charge transportation and photo generation process in
polythiophene functionalized with tin (II) phthalocyanine (SnPc-PT) thin
film", Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells vol. 92, no. 11, pp. 1516-1525, November
2008.
[7] M. M. El-Nahass, K. F. Abd-El-Rahman and A. A. A. Darwish, "Fabrication
and electrical characterization of p-NiPc/n-Si heterojunction", Microelectron.
J. vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 91-95, January 2007.
[8] G. J. Matt, N. S. Sariciftci and T. Fromherz, "Anomalous charge transport
behavior of fullerene based diodes", Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 84, no. 9, pp. 1570-
1572, March 2004.
[9] S. Darwish, A. S. Riad and H. S. Soliman, "Electrical conductivity and the
effect of temperature on photoconduction of n-ZnSe/p-Si rectifying
heterojunction cells", Semicond. Sci. Technol. vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 96-102,
January 1996.
[10] A. Hussain, P. Akhter, A. S. Bhatti, A. A. Shah and S. Bilal, "Dominant
conduction mechanism and the effects of device temperature on electrical
characteristics of Al/ZnPc/n-Si structures", Vacuum vol. 84, no. 7, pp. 975-
979, March 2010.
[11] A. A. M. Farag, E. A. A. El-Shazly, M. A. Rafea and A. Ibrahim, "Optical,
electrical and photovoltaic characteristics of organic semiconductor based on
oxazine/n-Si heterojunction", Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells vol. 93, no. 10,
pp. 1853-1859, October 2009.
[12] S. M. Sze, Physics of semiconductor devices. 2nd ed, New York: John Wiley
and Sons, 1981, pp. 126,258-262.
[13] N. Amar, R. D. Gould and A. M. Saleh, "Structural and electrical properties of
the ╬▒-form of metal-free phthalocyanine (╬▒-H2Pc) thin films", Curr. Appl.
Phys. vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 455-460, December 2002.
[14] M. Abkowitz, J. S. Facci and J. Rehm, "Direct evaluation of contact injection
efficiency into small molecule based transport layers: Influence of extrinsic
factors", J. Appl. Phys. vol. 83, no. 5, pp. 2670-2676, March 1998.
[15] K. C. Kao and W. Hwang, "Electrical transport in solids, with particular
reference to organic semiconductors," in International series in the science of
the solid state, 1st ed, vol. 14, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1981, pp. 418-422.
[16] T. Basova, A. G. G├╝rek, V. Ahsen and A. K. Ray, "Electrical properties of
dysprosium phthalocyanine films", Org. Electron. vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 784-790,
December 2007.
[17] A. S. Riad, "Influence of dioxygen and annealing process on the transport
properties of Nickel phthalocyanine Schottky-barrier devices", Physica B, vol. 270, no. 1-2, pp. 148-156, October 1999.
[1] K. S. Karimov, K. M. Akhmedov, A. A. Dzhuraev, M. N. Khan, S. M.
Abrarov and M. I. Fiodorov, "Organic-on-inorganic Ag/n-GaAs/p-CuPc/Ag
photoelectric sensor", Eurasian Chem. Technol. J. vol. 2, no. 3-4, pp. 251-256,
2000.
[2] A. Aruchamy, G. Aravamudan and G. V. S. Rao, "Semiconductor based
photoelectrochemical cells for solar energy conversionÔÇöAn overview ", Bull. Mater. Sci. vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 483-526, December 1982.
[3] R. Motoyoshi, A. Suzuki, K. Kikuchi and T. Oku, "Formation and
characterization of copper tetrakis (4-cumylphenoxy) phthalocyanine:perylene
solar cells", Synth. Met. vol. 159, no. 13, pp. 1345-1348, July 2009.
[4] M. M. El-Nahass, A. A. Atta, H. E. A. El-Sayed and E. F. M. El-Zaidia,
"Electrical transport mechanisms and photovoltaic characterisation of
MgPc/p-Silicon hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells", Curr. Org. Chem. vol.
14, no. 1, pp. 84-88, January 2010.
[5] P. C. Kao, S. Y. Chu, S. J. Liu, Z. X. You and C. A. Chuang, "Improved
performance of organic light-emitting diodes using a metal-phthalocyanine hole-injection layer", J. Electrochem. Soc. vol. 153, no. 6, pp. H122-126,
April 2006.
[6] M. S. Roy, P. Balraju, Y. S. Deol, R. K. Mishra, V. S. Choudhary and G. D.
Sharma, "Charge transportation and photo generation process in
polythiophene functionalized with tin (II) phthalocyanine (SnPc-PT) thin
film", Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells vol. 92, no. 11, pp. 1516-1525, November
2008.
[7] M. M. El-Nahass, K. F. Abd-El-Rahman and A. A. A. Darwish, "Fabrication
and electrical characterization of p-NiPc/n-Si heterojunction", Microelectron.
J. vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 91-95, January 2007.
[8] G. J. Matt, N. S. Sariciftci and T. Fromherz, "Anomalous charge transport
behavior of fullerene based diodes", Appl. Phys. Lett. vol. 84, no. 9, pp. 1570-
1572, March 2004.
[9] S. Darwish, A. S. Riad and H. S. Soliman, "Electrical conductivity and the
effect of temperature on photoconduction of n-ZnSe/p-Si rectifying
heterojunction cells", Semicond. Sci. Technol. vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 96-102,
January 1996.
[10] A. Hussain, P. Akhter, A. S. Bhatti, A. A. Shah and S. Bilal, "Dominant
conduction mechanism and the effects of device temperature on electrical
characteristics of Al/ZnPc/n-Si structures", Vacuum vol. 84, no. 7, pp. 975-
979, March 2010.
[11] A. A. M. Farag, E. A. A. El-Shazly, M. A. Rafea and A. Ibrahim, "Optical,
electrical and photovoltaic characteristics of organic semiconductor based on
oxazine/n-Si heterojunction", Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells vol. 93, no. 10,
pp. 1853-1859, October 2009.
[12] S. M. Sze, Physics of semiconductor devices. 2nd ed, New York: John Wiley
and Sons, 1981, pp. 126,258-262.
[13] N. Amar, R. D. Gould and A. M. Saleh, "Structural and electrical properties of
the ╬▒-form of metal-free phthalocyanine (╬▒-H2Pc) thin films", Curr. Appl.
Phys. vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 455-460, December 2002.
[14] M. Abkowitz, J. S. Facci and J. Rehm, "Direct evaluation of contact injection
efficiency into small molecule based transport layers: Influence of extrinsic
factors", J. Appl. Phys. vol. 83, no. 5, pp. 2670-2676, March 1998.
[15] K. C. Kao and W. Hwang, "Electrical transport in solids, with particular
reference to organic semiconductors," in International series in the science of
the solid state, 1st ed, vol. 14, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1981, pp. 418-422.
[16] T. Basova, A. G. G├╝rek, V. Ahsen and A. K. Ray, "Electrical properties of
dysprosium phthalocyanine films", Org. Electron. vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 784-790,
December 2007.
[17] A. S. Riad, "Influence of dioxygen and annealing process on the transport
properties of Nickel phthalocyanine Schottky-barrier devices", Physica B, vol. 270, no. 1-2, pp. 148-156, October 1999.
@article{"International Journal of Engineering, Mathematical and Physical Sciences:51440", author = "Shahid M. Khan and Muhammad H. Sayyad", title = "Investigation of Temperature-Dependent Electrical Properties of Tc-CuPc: PCBM Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ) under Dark Conditions", abstract = "An organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) was fabricated using a blended film containing Copper (II) tetrakis(4-acumylphenoxy) phthalocyanine (Tc-CuPc) along with [6,6]-Phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Weight ratio between Tc-CuPc and PCBM was 1:1. The electrical properties of Tc-CuPc: PCBM BHJ were examined. Rectifying nature of the BHJ was displayed by current-voltage (I-V) curves, recorded in dark and at various temperatures. At low voltages, conduction was ohmic succeeded by space-charge limiting current (SCLC) conduction at higher voltages in which exponential trap distribution was dominant. Series resistance, shunt resistance, ideality factor, effective barrier height and mobility at room temperature were found to be 526 4, 482 k4, 3.7, 0.17 eV and 2×10-7 cm2V-1s-1 respectively. Temperature effect towards different BHJ parameters was observed under dark condition.
", keywords = "Bulk heterojunction, PCBM, phthalocyanine, spin coating.", volume = "5", number = "12", pages = "1826-5", }
