Investigating the Transformer Operating Conditions for Evaluating the Dielectric Response
This paper presents an experimental investigation of
transformer dielectric response and solid insulation water content.
The dielectric response was carried out on the base of Hybrid
Frequency Dielectric Spectroscopy and Polarization Current
measurements method (FDS &PC). The calculation of the water
content in paper is based on the water content in oil and the obtained
equilibrium curves. A reference measurements were performed at
equilibrium conditions for water content in oil and paper of
transformer at different stable temperatures (25, 50, 60 and 70°C) to
prepare references to evaluate the insulation behavior at the not
equilibrium conditions. Some measurements performed at the
different simulated normal working modes of transformer operation
at the same temperature where the equilibrium conditions. The
obtained results show that when transformer temperature is mach
more than the its ambient temperature, the transformer temperature
decreases immediately after disconnecting the transformer from the
network and this temperature reduction influences the transformer
insulation condition in the measuring process. In addition to the oil
temperature at the near places to the sensors, the temperature
uniformity in transformer which can be changed by a big change in
the load of transformer before the measuring time will influence the
result. The investigations have shown that the extremely influence of
the time between disconnecting the transformer and beginning the
measurements on the results. And the online monitoring for water
content in paper measurements, on the basis of the oil water content
on line monitoring and the obtained equilibrium curves. The
measurements where performed continuously and for about 50 days
without any disconnection in the prepared the adiabatic room.
[1] P. J. Griffin and J. Christie, "Effects of Water and Benzotriazole on
Electrostatics Charge Generation in Mineral Oil/Cellulose Systems",
Proceedings: Static Electrification in Power Transformers, EPRI TR-
102480, Project 1499-99, June 1993.
[2] O. Rouse, "Mineral Insulating Oil in Transformers", Electrical Insulation
Magazine, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 6-16, May/June 1998.
[3] V. G. Arakelian, I. Fofana "Water in Oil-Filled High-Voltage Equipment
Part II: Water Content as Physicochemical Tools for Insulation
Condition Diagnostic", IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul.Vol. 23, No.
5, September/October 2007.
[4] IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil Immersed Power Transformers,
IEEE Standard C57.91, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers,
New York NY, 1995.
[5] A. Setayeshmehr, J.Abdallah, A. Akbari, H. Borsi and E. Gockenbach,
"Evaluation of water exchange between oil and paper in transformer
under operating condition ", the 16th International Symposium on High
Voltage Engineering Johannesburg ,ISH 2009.
[6] Y. Du, M. Zahn, B.C. Lesieutre and A.V. Mamishev and S.R. Lindgren
"Moisture Equilibrium in Transformer paper-oil systems", IEEE Electr.
Insul. Mag., Vol. 15, No. 1, 1999.
[7] T. K. Saha, "Review of Modern Diagnostic Techniques for Assessing
Insulation Condition in Aged Transformers", IEEE Trans. Dielectr.
Electr. Insul. Vol. 10, pp. 903-917, 2003.
[8] W.S. Zaengl, "Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and Frequency Domain
for HV Power Equipment, Part I: Theoretical Considerations", IEEE
Elec. Insul Mag., Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 5-19, 2003.
[9] W.S. Zaengl, "Application of Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and
Frequency Domain for HV Power Equipment", IEEE Elec. Insul. Mag.,
Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 9-22, 2003.
[10] "Relative Humidity," Britannica Online1994-1997 Encyclopedia
Britannica, Inc, URL: http://www.britannica.com/.
[11] Y. Du, A. V. Mamishev, B. C. Lesieutre, M. Zahn, and S. H. Kang,
"Moisture solubility for differently conditioned transformer oils," IEEE
Trans. Dielect. Elect. Insulation, vol. 8, pp. 805-811, Oct. 2001.
[12] B. Garcia, J. C. Burgos, "A Moisture-in-Oil Model for Power
Transformer Monitoring- Part I: Theorical Foundation", IEEE Trans.
Power Delivery. Vol. 20, NO. 2, pp. 1417-1422, 2005.
[13] B. Pahlavanpour, M. Martins, D. Eklund, "Study of moisture equilibrium
in oil-paper system with temperature variation", 7th International
Conference on Properties and Application of Dielectric Materials,
Nagoya, Japan, 2003.
[14] P. J. Griffin, " Water in Transformers-so what!" in National Grid
Condition Monitoring Conf., May 1996.
[15] A. Seytashmehr, I. Fofana, C. Eichler, A. Akbari, H. Borsi and E.
Gockenbach, "Dielectric Spectroscopic Measurements on Transformer
Oil- paper Insulation under Controlled Laboratory Conditions", IEEE
Trans. on Diel and Elec. Insul. Vol. 15, pp. 1100-1111, 2008.
[16] T. K. Saha and P. Purkait, "Effects of Temperature on Time-Domain
Dielectric Diagnostics of Transformers", Australasian Universities
Power Engineering Conf., Christchurch, New Zealand, 2003.
[17] S. Zaengl, "Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and Frequency Domain for
HV Power Equipment, Part I: Theoretical Considerations", IEEE Elec.
Insul Magazine, Vol. 19 No. 5, pp. 5-19 September/ October 2003.
[18] A. B. Supatra, "The Latest On-Site Non-Destructive Technique for
Insulation Analysis of Electrical Power Apparatus", Weidmann-ACTI
Annual Technical Conference, Sacramento, USA, 2004.
[19] A. Setayeshmehr, C. Eichler, A. Akbari, H. Borsi and E. Gockenbach,
"Condition Evaluation of Oil-Pressboard Insulation by Fourier
Transform Of Time Domain Dielectric Response", NORDIS 2007.
[20] A. Akbari, A. Setayeshmehr, M. Farahani, H. Borsi and E. Gockenbach,
"A Software Technique for Transforming Dielectric Data from Time
Domain to Frequency Domain for Insulation Diagnosis of Power
Transformers", 15th International Symposium on High-Voltage
Engineering (ISH), Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2007.
[21] H. Borsi, E. Gockenbach, M. Krueger, "Method and Device for
Measuring a Dielectric Response of an Electrical Insulation System",
European Patent EP 1729139.
[22] M. Koch, M. Krueger, "A Fast and Reliable Dielectric Diagnostic
Method to Determine Moisture in Power Transformers" International
Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, Beijing, China,
April, 2008.
[23] U. Gafvert, G. Frimpong, and J. Fuhr: "Modelling of dielectric
measurements on power transformers", Proc. 37th Session "Large High
Voltage Electric Systems" (CIGRE), paper 103, Paris, France, 1998
[1] P. J. Griffin and J. Christie, "Effects of Water and Benzotriazole on
Electrostatics Charge Generation in Mineral Oil/Cellulose Systems",
Proceedings: Static Electrification in Power Transformers, EPRI TR-
102480, Project 1499-99, June 1993.
[2] O. Rouse, "Mineral Insulating Oil in Transformers", Electrical Insulation
Magazine, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 6-16, May/June 1998.
[3] V. G. Arakelian, I. Fofana "Water in Oil-Filled High-Voltage Equipment
Part II: Water Content as Physicochemical Tools for Insulation
Condition Diagnostic", IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul.Vol. 23, No.
5, September/October 2007.
[4] IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil Immersed Power Transformers,
IEEE Standard C57.91, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers,
New York NY, 1995.
[5] A. Setayeshmehr, J.Abdallah, A. Akbari, H. Borsi and E. Gockenbach,
"Evaluation of water exchange between oil and paper in transformer
under operating condition ", the 16th International Symposium on High
Voltage Engineering Johannesburg ,ISH 2009.
[6] Y. Du, M. Zahn, B.C. Lesieutre and A.V. Mamishev and S.R. Lindgren
"Moisture Equilibrium in Transformer paper-oil systems", IEEE Electr.
Insul. Mag., Vol. 15, No. 1, 1999.
[7] T. K. Saha, "Review of Modern Diagnostic Techniques for Assessing
Insulation Condition in Aged Transformers", IEEE Trans. Dielectr.
Electr. Insul. Vol. 10, pp. 903-917, 2003.
[8] W.S. Zaengl, "Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and Frequency Domain
for HV Power Equipment, Part I: Theoretical Considerations", IEEE
Elec. Insul Mag., Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 5-19, 2003.
[9] W.S. Zaengl, "Application of Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and
Frequency Domain for HV Power Equipment", IEEE Elec. Insul. Mag.,
Vol. 19, No. 6, pp. 9-22, 2003.
[10] "Relative Humidity," Britannica Online1994-1997 Encyclopedia
Britannica, Inc, URL: http://www.britannica.com/.
[11] Y. Du, A. V. Mamishev, B. C. Lesieutre, M. Zahn, and S. H. Kang,
"Moisture solubility for differently conditioned transformer oils," IEEE
Trans. Dielect. Elect. Insulation, vol. 8, pp. 805-811, Oct. 2001.
[12] B. Garcia, J. C. Burgos, "A Moisture-in-Oil Model for Power
Transformer Monitoring- Part I: Theorical Foundation", IEEE Trans.
Power Delivery. Vol. 20, NO. 2, pp. 1417-1422, 2005.
[13] B. Pahlavanpour, M. Martins, D. Eklund, "Study of moisture equilibrium
in oil-paper system with temperature variation", 7th International
Conference on Properties and Application of Dielectric Materials,
Nagoya, Japan, 2003.
[14] P. J. Griffin, " Water in Transformers-so what!" in National Grid
Condition Monitoring Conf., May 1996.
[15] A. Seytashmehr, I. Fofana, C. Eichler, A. Akbari, H. Borsi and E.
Gockenbach, "Dielectric Spectroscopic Measurements on Transformer
Oil- paper Insulation under Controlled Laboratory Conditions", IEEE
Trans. on Diel and Elec. Insul. Vol. 15, pp. 1100-1111, 2008.
[16] T. K. Saha and P. Purkait, "Effects of Temperature on Time-Domain
Dielectric Diagnostics of Transformers", Australasian Universities
Power Engineering Conf., Christchurch, New Zealand, 2003.
[17] S. Zaengl, "Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and Frequency Domain for
HV Power Equipment, Part I: Theoretical Considerations", IEEE Elec.
Insul Magazine, Vol. 19 No. 5, pp. 5-19 September/ October 2003.
[18] A. B. Supatra, "The Latest On-Site Non-Destructive Technique for
Insulation Analysis of Electrical Power Apparatus", Weidmann-ACTI
Annual Technical Conference, Sacramento, USA, 2004.
[19] A. Setayeshmehr, C. Eichler, A. Akbari, H. Borsi and E. Gockenbach,
"Condition Evaluation of Oil-Pressboard Insulation by Fourier
Transform Of Time Domain Dielectric Response", NORDIS 2007.
[20] A. Akbari, A. Setayeshmehr, M. Farahani, H. Borsi and E. Gockenbach,
"A Software Technique for Transforming Dielectric Data from Time
Domain to Frequency Domain for Insulation Diagnosis of Power
Transformers", 15th International Symposium on High-Voltage
Engineering (ISH), Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2007.
[21] H. Borsi, E. Gockenbach, M. Krueger, "Method and Device for
Measuring a Dielectric Response of an Electrical Insulation System",
European Patent EP 1729139.
[22] M. Koch, M. Krueger, "A Fast and Reliable Dielectric Diagnostic
Method to Determine Moisture in Power Transformers" International
Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, Beijing, China,
April, 2008.
[23] U. Gafvert, G. Frimpong, and J. Fuhr: "Modelling of dielectric
measurements on power transformers", Proc. 37th Session "Large High
Voltage Electric Systems" (CIGRE), paper 103, Paris, France, 1998
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:59658", author = "Jalal M. Abdallah", title = "Investigating the Transformer Operating Conditions for Evaluating the Dielectric Response", abstract = "This paper presents an experimental investigation of
transformer dielectric response and solid insulation water content.
The dielectric response was carried out on the base of Hybrid
Frequency Dielectric Spectroscopy and Polarization Current
measurements method (FDS &PC). The calculation of the water
content in paper is based on the water content in oil and the obtained
equilibrium curves. A reference measurements were performed at
equilibrium conditions for water content in oil and paper of
transformer at different stable temperatures (25, 50, 60 and 70°C) to
prepare references to evaluate the insulation behavior at the not
equilibrium conditions. Some measurements performed at the
different simulated normal working modes of transformer operation
at the same temperature where the equilibrium conditions. The
obtained results show that when transformer temperature is mach
more than the its ambient temperature, the transformer temperature
decreases immediately after disconnecting the transformer from the
network and this temperature reduction influences the transformer
insulation condition in the measuring process. In addition to the oil
temperature at the near places to the sensors, the temperature
uniformity in transformer which can be changed by a big change in
the load of transformer before the measuring time will influence the
result. The investigations have shown that the extremely influence of
the time between disconnecting the transformer and beginning the
measurements on the results. And the online monitoring for water
content in paper measurements, on the basis of the oil water content
on line monitoring and the obtained equilibrium curves. The
measurements where performed continuously and for about 50 days
without any disconnection in the prepared the adiabatic room.", keywords = "Conductivity, Moisture, Temperature, Oil-paperinsulation, Online monitoring, Water content in oil.", volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "419-11", }
