Integrating Hedgerow into Town Planning: A Framework for Sustainable Residential Development
The vast rural landscape in the southern United States
is conspicuously characterized by the hedgerow trees or groves. The
patchwork landscape of fields surrounded by high hedgerows is a
traditional and familiar feature of the American countryside.
Hedgerows are in effect linear strips of trees, groves, or woodlands,
which are often critical habitats for wildlife and important for the
visual quality of the landscape. As landscape interfaces, hedgerows
define the spaces in the landscape, give the landscape life and
meaning, and enrich ecologies and cultural heritages of the American
countryside. Although hedgerows were originally intended as fences
and to mark property and townland boundaries, they are not merely
the natural or man-made additions to the landscape--they have
gradually become “naturalized" into the landscape, deeply rooted in
the rural culture, and now formed an important component of the
southern American rural environment. However, due to the ever
expanding real estate industry and high demand for new residential
development, substantial areas of authentic hedgerow landscape in
the southern United States are being urbanized. Using Hudson Farm
as an example, this study illustrated guidelines of how hedgerows can
be integrated into town planning as green infrastructure and
landscape interface to innovate and direct sustainable land use, and
suggest ways in which such vernacular landscapes can be preserved
and integrated into new development without losing their contextual
inspiration.
[1] Baudry, J, R. G. H. Bunce and F. Burel. 2000. Hedgerows: An
international perspective on their origin, function and management.
Journal of Environmental Management 60, 7-22, 2000.
[2] Oreszczyn, S., and B. Lane, "The meaning of the hedgerows in the
English landscape: different stakeholder perspectives and the
implications for future hedge management," Journal of Environmental
Management 60, pp. 101-118, 2000.
[3] Rackham, O., The History of the Countryside. London: J.M. Dent, 1986.
[4] Baudry, J., "Hedgerows and hedgerow networks as wildlife habitat in
agricultural landscapes" in J.R. Park. Environmental management in
agriculture: European perspectives. Belhaven, London, UK, pp.111-124.
1998.
[5] Baltensperger, B. H. Hedgerow distribution and removal in non-forested
regions of the Midwest. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 42, 60-
64. 1987.
[6] Burel, F., Baudry, J. and Lefeuvre, J.C., Landscape structure and water
fluxes. In: M.G. Pao1ettiandG.G. Lorenzoni (Editors), Landscape
Ecology and Agroecosystems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 1993.
[7] Clergeau, P. and Burel, F. The role of spatio-temporal patch connectivity
at the landscape level: an example in a bird distribution. Landscape and
Urban Planning 38, 37-43. 1997.
[8] Corner, J. Landscape Urbanism, in Mostafavi, Mohsen and Najle, Ciro
(ed). Landscape urbanism: a manual for the machinic landscape.
Architectural Association, London, 2003.
[9] Fabos, J.G., From parks to greenways into the 21st century. In:
Proceedings from Selected Educational Sessions of the 1991 ASLA
Annual Meeting, Kansas City, MO. 1991.
[10] Forman, R. T. T. and Baudry, J. Hedgerows and hedgerow networks in
landscape ecology. Environmental Management 8, 499-510, 1984.
[11] Marshall, E. J. P. and Arnold,G.M. Factors affecting field weed and field
margins flora on a farm in Essex, UK. Landscape and Urban Planning
31, 205-216. 1995.
[12] Zaslawsky, D., "A Sense of Place," Central Alabama Business Journal,
vol. 5, no. 10:14-17, 2008.
[13] Durack, R. "Shrinking Smart: the promise of landscape urbanism,"
Viewpoint, CUDC Quarterly 3:3/4, 2004.
[14] Forman, R, F.F, Land mosaics, the ecology of landscape and regions.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.
[15] Burel, F., "Effect of landscape structure and dynamics on carabids-
biodiversity in Brittany, France". Landscape Ecol., 6: 161-194, 1992.
[16] Forman, R. T. T. and Baudry, J. Hedgerows and hedgerow networks in
landscape ecology. Environmental Management 8, 499-510, 1984.
[17] Merriam, and A. Lanoue, Corridor use by small mammals: field
measurement for three experimental type of Peromyscus leucopus.
LandscapeEcol., 4(2): 123-133, 1990.
[18] Saunders, D.A. and Hobbs, R.J. (Editors), The role of Corrdors. Surrey
Beatty, Chipping Norton. Australia, 1991.
[19] F. Burel, "Hedgerows and their role in agricultural landscapes," Critical
Review in Plant Sciences 15, pp. 169-190, 1996.
[20] Corner, J. Landscape Urbanism, in Mostafavi, Mohsen and Najle, Ciro
(ed). Landscape urbanism: a manual for the machinic landscape.
Architectural Association, London, 2003.
[21] Fabos, J.G., From parks to greenways into the 21st century. In:
Proceedings from Selected Educational Sessions of the 1991 ASLA
Annual Meeting, Kansas City, MO. 1991.
[22] Marshall, E. J. P. and Arnold,G.M. Factors affecting field weed and field
margins flora on a farm in Essex, UK. Landscape and Urban Planning
31, 205-216. 1995.
[23] Rippon, Stephen, "Historic landscape analysis: deciphering the
countryside". Council for British Archaeology, 2004.
[24] Chen, S. "Design Sustainability," M.S. thesis, Dept. Landscape
Architecture, School of Architecture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL,
2008.
[25] Michael Pollan, "Omnivore's dilemma: a natural history of four meals".
New York: Penguin Press, 2006.
[26] Michael Pollan, "In defense of food: an eater's manifesto". New York:
Penguin Press, 2008.
[27] Gerry Barnes and Tom Williamson, "Hedgerow history: ecology, history
and landscape character", 2006.
[28] Fabos, J.G., "From parks to greenways into the 21st century". In:
Proceedings from Selected Educational Sessions of the 1991 ASLA
Annual Meeting, Kansas City, MO. 1991.
[29] Smith, D.S. and Hellmund, P.C. (Editors), "Ecology of Greenways:
Design and Function of Linear Conservation Areas". University of
Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, 222 pp. 1993
[30] Corner, J. Landscape Urbanism, in Mostafavi, Mohsen and Najle, Ciro
(ed). "Landscape urbanism: a manual for the machinic landscape".
Architectural Association, London, 2003.
[31] Simon Swaffield (editor). "Theory in landscape architecture: a reader.
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press". Penn studies in
landscape architecture series, 2002.
[1] Baudry, J, R. G. H. Bunce and F. Burel. 2000. Hedgerows: An
international perspective on their origin, function and management.
Journal of Environmental Management 60, 7-22, 2000.
[2] Oreszczyn, S., and B. Lane, "The meaning of the hedgerows in the
English landscape: different stakeholder perspectives and the
implications for future hedge management," Journal of Environmental
Management 60, pp. 101-118, 2000.
[3] Rackham, O., The History of the Countryside. London: J.M. Dent, 1986.
[4] Baudry, J., "Hedgerows and hedgerow networks as wildlife habitat in
agricultural landscapes" in J.R. Park. Environmental management in
agriculture: European perspectives. Belhaven, London, UK, pp.111-124.
1998.
[5] Baltensperger, B. H. Hedgerow distribution and removal in non-forested
regions of the Midwest. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 42, 60-
64. 1987.
[6] Burel, F., Baudry, J. and Lefeuvre, J.C., Landscape structure and water
fluxes. In: M.G. Pao1ettiandG.G. Lorenzoni (Editors), Landscape
Ecology and Agroecosystems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 1993.
[7] Clergeau, P. and Burel, F. The role of spatio-temporal patch connectivity
at the landscape level: an example in a bird distribution. Landscape and
Urban Planning 38, 37-43. 1997.
[8] Corner, J. Landscape Urbanism, in Mostafavi, Mohsen and Najle, Ciro
(ed). Landscape urbanism: a manual for the machinic landscape.
Architectural Association, London, 2003.
[9] Fabos, J.G., From parks to greenways into the 21st century. In:
Proceedings from Selected Educational Sessions of the 1991 ASLA
Annual Meeting, Kansas City, MO. 1991.
[10] Forman, R. T. T. and Baudry, J. Hedgerows and hedgerow networks in
landscape ecology. Environmental Management 8, 499-510, 1984.
[11] Marshall, E. J. P. and Arnold,G.M. Factors affecting field weed and field
margins flora on a farm in Essex, UK. Landscape and Urban Planning
31, 205-216. 1995.
[12] Zaslawsky, D., "A Sense of Place," Central Alabama Business Journal,
vol. 5, no. 10:14-17, 2008.
[13] Durack, R. "Shrinking Smart: the promise of landscape urbanism,"
Viewpoint, CUDC Quarterly 3:3/4, 2004.
[14] Forman, R, F.F, Land mosaics, the ecology of landscape and regions.
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995.
[15] Burel, F., "Effect of landscape structure and dynamics on carabids-
biodiversity in Brittany, France". Landscape Ecol., 6: 161-194, 1992.
[16] Forman, R. T. T. and Baudry, J. Hedgerows and hedgerow networks in
landscape ecology. Environmental Management 8, 499-510, 1984.
[17] Merriam, and A. Lanoue, Corridor use by small mammals: field
measurement for three experimental type of Peromyscus leucopus.
LandscapeEcol., 4(2): 123-133, 1990.
[18] Saunders, D.A. and Hobbs, R.J. (Editors), The role of Corrdors. Surrey
Beatty, Chipping Norton. Australia, 1991.
[19] F. Burel, "Hedgerows and their role in agricultural landscapes," Critical
Review in Plant Sciences 15, pp. 169-190, 1996.
[20] Corner, J. Landscape Urbanism, in Mostafavi, Mohsen and Najle, Ciro
(ed). Landscape urbanism: a manual for the machinic landscape.
Architectural Association, London, 2003.
[21] Fabos, J.G., From parks to greenways into the 21st century. In:
Proceedings from Selected Educational Sessions of the 1991 ASLA
Annual Meeting, Kansas City, MO. 1991.
[22] Marshall, E. J. P. and Arnold,G.M. Factors affecting field weed and field
margins flora on a farm in Essex, UK. Landscape and Urban Planning
31, 205-216. 1995.
[23] Rippon, Stephen, "Historic landscape analysis: deciphering the
countryside". Council for British Archaeology, 2004.
[24] Chen, S. "Design Sustainability," M.S. thesis, Dept. Landscape
Architecture, School of Architecture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL,
2008.
[25] Michael Pollan, "Omnivore's dilemma: a natural history of four meals".
New York: Penguin Press, 2006.
[26] Michael Pollan, "In defense of food: an eater's manifesto". New York:
Penguin Press, 2008.
[27] Gerry Barnes and Tom Williamson, "Hedgerow history: ecology, history
and landscape character", 2006.
[28] Fabos, J.G., "From parks to greenways into the 21st century". In:
Proceedings from Selected Educational Sessions of the 1991 ASLA
Annual Meeting, Kansas City, MO. 1991.
[29] Smith, D.S. and Hellmund, P.C. (Editors), "Ecology of Greenways:
Design and Function of Linear Conservation Areas". University of
Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN, 222 pp. 1993
[30] Corner, J. Landscape Urbanism, in Mostafavi, Mohsen and Najle, Ciro
(ed). "Landscape urbanism: a manual for the machinic landscape".
Architectural Association, London, 2003.
[31] Simon Swaffield (editor). "Theory in landscape architecture: a reader.
Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press". Penn studies in
landscape architecture series, 2002.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:56444", author = "Siqing Chen", title = "Integrating Hedgerow into Town Planning: A Framework for Sustainable Residential Development", abstract = "The vast rural landscape in the southern United States
is conspicuously characterized by the hedgerow trees or groves. The
patchwork landscape of fields surrounded by high hedgerows is a
traditional and familiar feature of the American countryside.
Hedgerows are in effect linear strips of trees, groves, or woodlands,
which are often critical habitats for wildlife and important for the
visual quality of the landscape. As landscape interfaces, hedgerows
define the spaces in the landscape, give the landscape life and
meaning, and enrich ecologies and cultural heritages of the American
countryside. Although hedgerows were originally intended as fences
and to mark property and townland boundaries, they are not merely
the natural or man-made additions to the landscape--they have
gradually become “naturalized" into the landscape, deeply rooted in
the rural culture, and now formed an important component of the
southern American rural environment. However, due to the ever
expanding real estate industry and high demand for new residential
development, substantial areas of authentic hedgerow landscape in
the southern United States are being urbanized. Using Hudson Farm
as an example, this study illustrated guidelines of how hedgerows can
be integrated into town planning as green infrastructure and
landscape interface to innovate and direct sustainable land use, and
suggest ways in which such vernacular landscapes can be preserved
and integrated into new development without losing their contextual
inspiration.", keywords = "Hedgerow, Town planning, Sustainable design,
Ecological infrastructure", volume = "3", number = "5", pages = "218-10", }
