Influence of Heterogeneous Traffic on the Roadside Fine (PM2.5 and PM1) and Coarse(PM10) Particulate Matter Concentrations in Chennai City, India
In this paper the influence of heterogeneous traffic on
the temporal variation of ambient PM10, PM2.5 and PM1
concentrations at a busy arterial route (Sardar Patel Road) in the
Chennai city has been analyzed. The hourly PM concentration, traffic
counts and average speed of the vehicles have been monitored at the
study site for one week (19th-25th January 2009). Results indicated
that the concentrations of coarse (PM10) and fine PM (PM2.5 and
PM1) concentrations at SP road are having similar trend during peak
and non-peak hours, irrespective of the days. The PM concentrations
showed daily two peaks corresponding to morning (8 to 10 am) and
evening (7 to 9 pm) peak hour traffic flow. The PM10 concentration is
dominated by fine particles (53% of PM2.5 and 45% of PM1). The
high PM2.5/PM10 ratio indicates that the majority of PM10 particles
originate from re-suspension of road dust. The analysis of traffic flow
at the study site showed that 2W, 3W and 4W are having similar
diurnal trend as PM concentrations. This confirms that the 2W, 3W
and 4W are the main emission source contributing to ambient PM
concentration at SP road. The speed measurement at SP road showed
that the average speed of 2W, 3W, 4W, LCV and HCV are 38, 40,
38, 40 and 38 km/hr and 43, 41, 42, 40 and 41 km/hr respectively for
the weekdays and weekdays.
[1] Pope, C.A. Burnett, R.T. Thurston, G.D. Thun, M.J. Calle, E.E. Krewski,
D. and Godleski, J.J, "Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure
to particulate air pollution," Circulation, 109, pp. 71-77, 2004.
[2] Brunekreef, B. and Forsberg, B, "Epidemiological evidence of effects of
coarse airborne particles on health," European Respiratory Journal, 26,
pp. 309-318, 2005.
[3] Dockery, D.W. and Stone, P.H, "Cardiovascular Risks from Fine
Particulate Air Pollution," NEJM, 356, pp. 511-513, 2007.
[4] Pérez, N. Castillo, S. Pey, J. Alastuey, A. Viana, M. and Querol,
X,"Interpretation of the variability of regional background aerosols in
the Western Mediterranean, "The Science of Total Environment, 407,
pp. 527-540, 2008.
[5] IPCC, "Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,"
Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of
the IPCC (ISBN 978 0521 88009-1 Hardback; 978 0521 70596-7
Paperback), 2007.
[6] Niyogi, D. Chang, H.I. Saxena, V.K. Holt, T. Alapaty, K. Booker, F.
Chen, F. Davis, K.J. Holben, B. Matsui, T. Meyers, T. Oechel, W.C.
Pielke, R.A. Wells, R. Wilson, K. and Xue, Y, "Direct observations of
the effects of aerosol loading on net ecosystem CO2 exchanges over
different landscapes," Geophysical Research Letters, 31, 2004.
[7] Bytnerowicz, A. Omasa, K. and Paoletti, E, "Integrated effects of air
pollution and climate change on forests: A northern hemisphere
perspective," Environmental Pollution, 147, pp. 438-445, 2007.
[8] Screpanti, A. and DeMarco, A, "Corrosion on cultural heritage buildings
in Italy: A role for ozone?" Environmental Pollution, 157(5), pp. 1513-
1520, 2009.
[9] Jin, X. Dubois, D. Pitchford, M. Green, M. and Etyemezian, V,
"Attribution of sulfate aerosols in Federal Class I areas of the western
United States based on trajectory regression analysis," Atmospheric
Environment, 40, pp. 3433-3447, 2006.
[10] WHO, "Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone
and Nitrogen Dioxide," Report on a WHO Working Group, Bonn,
Germany. 2003.
[11] Berico, M. Luciani, A. and Formignani, M, "Atmospheric aerosol in an
urban area- measurements of TSP and PM10 standards and pulmonary
deposition assessments," Atmos Environ, 31, pp. 3659-3665, 1997.
[12] Donaldson, K. Li, X.Y. and MacNee, W, "Ultrafine (nanometre) particle
mediated lung injury," Journal of Aerosol Science, 29, pp. 553-560,
1998.
[13] Schwartz, J. and Neas, L.M, "Fine particles are more strongly associated
than coarse particles with acute respiratory health effects in
schoolchildren," Epidemiology, 11, pp. 6-10, 2000.
[14] Ostro, B. Broadwin, R. Green, S. Feng, W.-Y. and Lipsett, M, "Fine
particulate air pollution and mortality in nine California counties: results
from CALFINE," Environmental Health Perspectives, 114, pp. 29-33,
2006.
[15] McEntee, J.C. and Himmelberger, Y.O," Diesel particulate matter, lung
cancer, and asthma incidences along major traffic corridors in MA, USA:
A GIS analysis," Health & Place, 14, pp. 817-828, 2008.
[16] Wrobel, A. Rokita, E. and Maenhaut, W, "Transport of traffic-related
aerosols in urban areas," The Science of the Total Environment, 257, pp.
199-211, 2000.
[17] Saedler, L. Jenkins, N. Legassick, W. and Sokhi, R.S, "Remote sensing
of vehicle emission on British urban roads," The Science of the Total
Environment, 189/190, pp. 155-160, 1996.
[18] Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA), "Second
Master Plan - II," 2007.
[19] Sivalingam, T. and Bhaskaran, E, "IT applications in Automotive
Industry," GCMM 2004 first international conference on manufacturing
and management, 20, 2004.
[20] World Bank report, "Towards a discussion of support to Urban
Transport development in India, Energy & Infrastructure Unit South
Asia Region, Country Strategy for India," Report No. 29374-IN, 2005.
[21] Statistical Hand Books (SHB) - 1996 to 2009, Department of Economics
and Statistics, Government of Tamil Nadu, 2009.
[22] Ramachandra, T.V. and Shwetmala, "Emissions from India-s transport
sector: Statewise synthesis," Atmospheric Environment, 43, pp. 5510-
5517, 2009.
[1] Pope, C.A. Burnett, R.T. Thurston, G.D. Thun, M.J. Calle, E.E. Krewski,
D. and Godleski, J.J, "Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure
to particulate air pollution," Circulation, 109, pp. 71-77, 2004.
[2] Brunekreef, B. and Forsberg, B, "Epidemiological evidence of effects of
coarse airborne particles on health," European Respiratory Journal, 26,
pp. 309-318, 2005.
[3] Dockery, D.W. and Stone, P.H, "Cardiovascular Risks from Fine
Particulate Air Pollution," NEJM, 356, pp. 511-513, 2007.
[4] Pérez, N. Castillo, S. Pey, J. Alastuey, A. Viana, M. and Querol,
X,"Interpretation of the variability of regional background aerosols in
the Western Mediterranean, "The Science of Total Environment, 407,
pp. 527-540, 2008.
[5] IPCC, "Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis,"
Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of
the IPCC (ISBN 978 0521 88009-1 Hardback; 978 0521 70596-7
Paperback), 2007.
[6] Niyogi, D. Chang, H.I. Saxena, V.K. Holt, T. Alapaty, K. Booker, F.
Chen, F. Davis, K.J. Holben, B. Matsui, T. Meyers, T. Oechel, W.C.
Pielke, R.A. Wells, R. Wilson, K. and Xue, Y, "Direct observations of
the effects of aerosol loading on net ecosystem CO2 exchanges over
different landscapes," Geophysical Research Letters, 31, 2004.
[7] Bytnerowicz, A. Omasa, K. and Paoletti, E, "Integrated effects of air
pollution and climate change on forests: A northern hemisphere
perspective," Environmental Pollution, 147, pp. 438-445, 2007.
[8] Screpanti, A. and DeMarco, A, "Corrosion on cultural heritage buildings
in Italy: A role for ozone?" Environmental Pollution, 157(5), pp. 1513-
1520, 2009.
[9] Jin, X. Dubois, D. Pitchford, M. Green, M. and Etyemezian, V,
"Attribution of sulfate aerosols in Federal Class I areas of the western
United States based on trajectory regression analysis," Atmospheric
Environment, 40, pp. 3433-3447, 2006.
[10] WHO, "Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone
and Nitrogen Dioxide," Report on a WHO Working Group, Bonn,
Germany. 2003.
[11] Berico, M. Luciani, A. and Formignani, M, "Atmospheric aerosol in an
urban area- measurements of TSP and PM10 standards and pulmonary
deposition assessments," Atmos Environ, 31, pp. 3659-3665, 1997.
[12] Donaldson, K. Li, X.Y. and MacNee, W, "Ultrafine (nanometre) particle
mediated lung injury," Journal of Aerosol Science, 29, pp. 553-560,
1998.
[13] Schwartz, J. and Neas, L.M, "Fine particles are more strongly associated
than coarse particles with acute respiratory health effects in
schoolchildren," Epidemiology, 11, pp. 6-10, 2000.
[14] Ostro, B. Broadwin, R. Green, S. Feng, W.-Y. and Lipsett, M, "Fine
particulate air pollution and mortality in nine California counties: results
from CALFINE," Environmental Health Perspectives, 114, pp. 29-33,
2006.
[15] McEntee, J.C. and Himmelberger, Y.O," Diesel particulate matter, lung
cancer, and asthma incidences along major traffic corridors in MA, USA:
A GIS analysis," Health & Place, 14, pp. 817-828, 2008.
[16] Wrobel, A. Rokita, E. and Maenhaut, W, "Transport of traffic-related
aerosols in urban areas," The Science of the Total Environment, 257, pp.
199-211, 2000.
[17] Saedler, L. Jenkins, N. Legassick, W. and Sokhi, R.S, "Remote sensing
of vehicle emission on British urban roads," The Science of the Total
Environment, 189/190, pp. 155-160, 1996.
[18] Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA), "Second
Master Plan - II," 2007.
[19] Sivalingam, T. and Bhaskaran, E, "IT applications in Automotive
Industry," GCMM 2004 first international conference on manufacturing
and management, 20, 2004.
[20] World Bank report, "Towards a discussion of support to Urban
Transport development in India, Energy & Infrastructure Unit South
Asia Region, Country Strategy for India," Report No. 29374-IN, 2005.
[21] Statistical Hand Books (SHB) - 1996 to 2009, Department of Economics
and Statistics, Government of Tamil Nadu, 2009.
[22] Ramachandra, T.V. and Shwetmala, "Emissions from India-s transport
sector: Statewise synthesis," Atmospheric Environment, 43, pp. 5510-
5517, 2009.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:64901", author = "Srimuruganandam. B and S.M. Shiva Nagendra", title = "Influence of Heterogeneous Traffic on the Roadside Fine (PM2.5 and PM1) and Coarse(PM10) Particulate Matter Concentrations in Chennai City, India", abstract = "In this paper the influence of heterogeneous traffic on
the temporal variation of ambient PM10, PM2.5 and PM1
concentrations at a busy arterial route (Sardar Patel Road) in the
Chennai city has been analyzed. The hourly PM concentration, traffic
counts and average speed of the vehicles have been monitored at the
study site for one week (19th-25th January 2009). Results indicated
that the concentrations of coarse (PM10) and fine PM (PM2.5 and
PM1) concentrations at SP road are having similar trend during peak
and non-peak hours, irrespective of the days. The PM concentrations
showed daily two peaks corresponding to morning (8 to 10 am) and
evening (7 to 9 pm) peak hour traffic flow. The PM10 concentration is
dominated by fine particles (53% of PM2.5 and 45% of PM1). The
high PM2.5/PM10 ratio indicates that the majority of PM10 particles
originate from re-suspension of road dust. The analysis of traffic flow
at the study site showed that 2W, 3W and 4W are having similar
diurnal trend as PM concentrations. This confirms that the 2W, 3W
and 4W are the main emission source contributing to ambient PM
concentration at SP road. The speed measurement at SP road showed
that the average speed of 2W, 3W, 4W, LCV and HCV are 38, 40,
38, 40 and 38 km/hr and 43, 41, 42, 40 and 41 km/hr respectively for
the weekdays and weekdays.", keywords = "particulate matter, heterogeneous traffic, fineparticles, coarse particles, vehicle speed, weekend and weekday.", volume = "4", number = "6", pages = "245-6", }
