Individual Learning and Collaborative Knowledge Building with Shared Digital Artifacts
The development of Internet technology in recent years has led to a more active role of users in creating Web content. This has significant effects both on individual learning and collaborative knowledge building. This paper will present an integrative framework model to describe and explain learning and knowledge building with shared digital artifacts on the basis of Luhmann-s systems theory and Piaget-s model of equilibration. In this model, knowledge progress is based on cognitive conflicts resulting from incongruities between an individual-s prior knowledge and the information which is contained in a digital artifact. Empirical support for the model will be provided by 1) applying it descriptively to texts from Wikipedia, 2) examining knowledge-building processes using a social network analysis, and 3) presenting a survey of a series of experimental laboratory studies.
[1] J. Kolbitsch and H. Maurer, "The transformation of the web: How
emerging communities shape the information we consume," Journal of
Universal Computer Science, vol. 12, pp. 187-213, 2006.
[2] T. O'Reilly, "What is the Web 2.0? Design patterns and business models
for the next generation of software," Internet document, 2005, retrieved
03 July 2007 from: http://www.oreilly.de/artikel/web20.html.
[3] M. Sigala, "Integrating Web 2.0 in e-learning environments: A sociotechnical
approach," International Journal of Knowledge and Learning,
vol. 3, pp. 628-648, 2007.
[4] D. Tapscott and A. D. Williams, Wikinomics: How mass collaboration
changes everything. New York: Portfolio, 2006.
[5] S. Johnson, Emergence: The connected lives of ants, brains, cities, and
software. New York: Scribner, 2002
[6] O. Arazy, W. Morgan and R. Patterson, "Wisdom of the crowds:
Decentralized knowledge construction in Wikipedia, " presented at the
16th Annual Workshop on Information Technologies & Systems
(WITS), Milwaukee, WI, 2006.
[7] J. Surowiecki, The wisdom of crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005.
[8] N. Luhmann, Social Systems. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995.
[9] J. Piaget, "Piaget-s theory," in Carmichael-s manual of child psychology,
P. H. Mussen, Ed. New York: Wiley, 1970, pp. 703-732.
[10] U. Cress and J. Kimmerle, "A theoretical framework of collaborative
knowledge building with wikis: A systemic and cognitive perspective,"
in Proc. 7th Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Conference,
New Brunswick, NJ, 2007, pp. 153-161.
[11] U. Cress and J. Kimmerle, "A systemic and cognitive view on
collaborative knowledge building with wikis," International Journal of
Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, vol. 3, pp. 105-122, 2008.
[12] N. Luhmann, "System as difference," Organization, vol. 13, pp. 37-57,
2006.
[13] N. Luhmann, Soziale Systeme. Grundriss einer allgemeinen Theorie.
Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1984.
[14] N. Luhmann, "The autopoiesis of social systems," in Sociocybernetic
paradoxes, F. Geyer and J. Van der Zouwen, Eds. London: Sage, 1986,
pp. 172-192.
[15] F. J. Varela, H. R. Maturana, and R. Uribe, "Autopoiesis: The
organization of living systems, its characterization and a model,"
Biosystems, vol. 5, pp. 187-196, 1974.
[16] N. Luhmann, Essays on self-reference. New York and Oxford: Columbia
University Press, 1990.
[17] N. Luhmann, "Operational closure and structural coupling: The
differentiation of the legal system," Cardozo Law Review, vol. 13, pp.
1419-1441, 1992.
[18] F. Kofman and P. Senge, ÔÇ×Communities of commitment: The heart of
learning organizations," Organizational Dynamics, vol. 22, pp. 5-23,
1993.
[19] J. Piaget, The development of thought: Equilibration of cognitive
structures. New York: The Viking Press, 1977.
[20] J. Piaget, "Problems of equilibration," in Topics in cognitive
development, vol. 1, M. H. Appel and L. S. Goldberg, Eds. New York:
Plenum, 1977, pp. 3-14.
[21] U. Cress, J. Kimmerle, C. Held, and F. W. Hesse, "Social software and
knowledge building: Supporting co-evolution of individual and
collective knowledge," in Designs for learning environments of the
future: International learning sciences theory and research perspectives,
M. J. Jacobson, Ed. Berlin: Springer, to be published.
[22] E. Tulving, "How many memory systems are there?," American
Psychologist, vol. 40, pp. 385-398, 1985.
[23] J. R. Hayes and L. S. Flower, "Identifying the organization of writing
processes," in Cognitive Processes in writing, L. W. Gregg and E. R.
Steinberg, Eds. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1980, pp. 3-30.
[24] P. Tynjälä, L. Mason, and K. Lonka, K., Eds. Writing as a learning tool:
Integrating theory and practice. Studies in writing. Dordrecht: Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 2001.
[25] J. H. Holland, Emergence from chaos to order. Redwood City: Addison-
Wesley, 1998.
[26] S. Wassermann and K. Faust, Social Network Analysis: Methods and
Application. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
[27] A. Harrer, J. Moskaliuk, J. Kimmerle, and U. Cress, "Visualizing wikisupported
knowledge building: Co-evolution of individual and collective
knowledge," in Proc. WikiSym'08 - International Symposium on Wikis,
New York: ACM Press, 2008, to be published.
[28] D. E. Berlyne, Conflict, arousal, and curiosity. New York: McGraw-Hill,
1960.
[29] J. McV. Hunt, "Intrinsic motivation and its role in psychological
development," in Nebraska symposium of motivation, D. Levine, Ed.
Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1965, pp. 189-282.
[30] J. Kimmerle, J. Moskaliuk, and U. Cress, "Effects of incongruity
between knowledge and information on learning and knowledge
building," Learning & Instruction, submitted for publication.
[31] J. Moskaliuk, J. Kimmerle and U. Cress, "Learning and knowledge
building with wikis: The impact of incongruity between people-s
knowledge and a wiki-s information," in Proc. International Conference
for the Learning Sciences, vol. 2, Utrecht, The Netherlands:
International Society of the Learning Sciences, 2008, pp. 99-106.
[1] J. Kolbitsch and H. Maurer, "The transformation of the web: How
emerging communities shape the information we consume," Journal of
Universal Computer Science, vol. 12, pp. 187-213, 2006.
[2] T. O'Reilly, "What is the Web 2.0? Design patterns and business models
for the next generation of software," Internet document, 2005, retrieved
03 July 2007 from: http://www.oreilly.de/artikel/web20.html.
[3] M. Sigala, "Integrating Web 2.0 in e-learning environments: A sociotechnical
approach," International Journal of Knowledge and Learning,
vol. 3, pp. 628-648, 2007.
[4] D. Tapscott and A. D. Williams, Wikinomics: How mass collaboration
changes everything. New York: Portfolio, 2006.
[5] S. Johnson, Emergence: The connected lives of ants, brains, cities, and
software. New York: Scribner, 2002
[6] O. Arazy, W. Morgan and R. Patterson, "Wisdom of the crowds:
Decentralized knowledge construction in Wikipedia, " presented at the
16th Annual Workshop on Information Technologies & Systems
(WITS), Milwaukee, WI, 2006.
[7] J. Surowiecki, The wisdom of crowds. New York: Anchor Books, 2005.
[8] N. Luhmann, Social Systems. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995.
[9] J. Piaget, "Piaget-s theory," in Carmichael-s manual of child psychology,
P. H. Mussen, Ed. New York: Wiley, 1970, pp. 703-732.
[10] U. Cress and J. Kimmerle, "A theoretical framework of collaborative
knowledge building with wikis: A systemic and cognitive perspective,"
in Proc. 7th Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Conference,
New Brunswick, NJ, 2007, pp. 153-161.
[11] U. Cress and J. Kimmerle, "A systemic and cognitive view on
collaborative knowledge building with wikis," International Journal of
Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, vol. 3, pp. 105-122, 2008.
[12] N. Luhmann, "System as difference," Organization, vol. 13, pp. 37-57,
2006.
[13] N. Luhmann, Soziale Systeme. Grundriss einer allgemeinen Theorie.
Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1984.
[14] N. Luhmann, "The autopoiesis of social systems," in Sociocybernetic
paradoxes, F. Geyer and J. Van der Zouwen, Eds. London: Sage, 1986,
pp. 172-192.
[15] F. J. Varela, H. R. Maturana, and R. Uribe, "Autopoiesis: The
organization of living systems, its characterization and a model,"
Biosystems, vol. 5, pp. 187-196, 1974.
[16] N. Luhmann, Essays on self-reference. New York and Oxford: Columbia
University Press, 1990.
[17] N. Luhmann, "Operational closure and structural coupling: The
differentiation of the legal system," Cardozo Law Review, vol. 13, pp.
1419-1441, 1992.
[18] F. Kofman and P. Senge, ÔÇ×Communities of commitment: The heart of
learning organizations," Organizational Dynamics, vol. 22, pp. 5-23,
1993.
[19] J. Piaget, The development of thought: Equilibration of cognitive
structures. New York: The Viking Press, 1977.
[20] J. Piaget, "Problems of equilibration," in Topics in cognitive
development, vol. 1, M. H. Appel and L. S. Goldberg, Eds. New York:
Plenum, 1977, pp. 3-14.
[21] U. Cress, J. Kimmerle, C. Held, and F. W. Hesse, "Social software and
knowledge building: Supporting co-evolution of individual and
collective knowledge," in Designs for learning environments of the
future: International learning sciences theory and research perspectives,
M. J. Jacobson, Ed. Berlin: Springer, to be published.
[22] E. Tulving, "How many memory systems are there?," American
Psychologist, vol. 40, pp. 385-398, 1985.
[23] J. R. Hayes and L. S. Flower, "Identifying the organization of writing
processes," in Cognitive Processes in writing, L. W. Gregg and E. R.
Steinberg, Eds. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1980, pp. 3-30.
[24] P. Tynjälä, L. Mason, and K. Lonka, K., Eds. Writing as a learning tool:
Integrating theory and practice. Studies in writing. Dordrecht: Kluwer
Academic Publishers, 2001.
[25] J. H. Holland, Emergence from chaos to order. Redwood City: Addison-
Wesley, 1998.
[26] S. Wassermann and K. Faust, Social Network Analysis: Methods and
Application. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
[27] A. Harrer, J. Moskaliuk, J. Kimmerle, and U. Cress, "Visualizing wikisupported
knowledge building: Co-evolution of individual and collective
knowledge," in Proc. WikiSym'08 - International Symposium on Wikis,
New York: ACM Press, 2008, to be published.
[28] D. E. Berlyne, Conflict, arousal, and curiosity. New York: McGraw-Hill,
1960.
[29] J. McV. Hunt, "Intrinsic motivation and its role in psychological
development," in Nebraska symposium of motivation, D. Levine, Ed.
Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1965, pp. 189-282.
[30] J. Kimmerle, J. Moskaliuk, and U. Cress, "Effects of incongruity
between knowledge and information on learning and knowledge
building," Learning & Instruction, submitted for publication.
[31] J. Moskaliuk, J. Kimmerle and U. Cress, "Learning and knowledge
building with wikis: The impact of incongruity between people-s
knowledge and a wiki-s information," in Proc. International Conference
for the Learning Sciences, vol. 2, Utrecht, The Netherlands:
International Society of the Learning Sciences, 2008, pp. 99-106.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:56584", author = "Joachim Kimmerle and Johannes Moskaliuk and Ulrike Cress", title = "Individual Learning and Collaborative Knowledge Building with Shared Digital Artifacts", abstract = "The development of Internet technology in recent years has led to a more active role of users in creating Web content. This has significant effects both on individual learning and collaborative knowledge building. This paper will present an integrative framework model to describe and explain learning and knowledge building with shared digital artifacts on the basis of Luhmann-s systems theory and Piaget-s model of equilibration. In this model, knowledge progress is based on cognitive conflicts resulting from incongruities between an individual-s prior knowledge and the information which is contained in a digital artifact. Empirical support for the model will be provided by 1) applying it descriptively to texts from Wikipedia, 2) examining knowledge-building processes using a social network analysis, and 3) presenting a survey of a series of experimental laboratory studies.
", keywords = "Individual learning, collaborative knowledge building, systems theory, equilibration.", volume = "2", number = "10", pages = "1107-8", }
