Identification of Seat Belt Wearing Compliance Associate Factors in Malaysia: Evidence-based Approach
The aim of the study was to identify seat belt wearing
factor among road users in Malaysia. Evidence-based approach
through in-depth crash investigation was utilised to determine the
intended objectives. The objective was scoped into crashes
investigated by Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research
(MIROS) involving passenger vehicles within 2007 and 2010. Crash
information of a total of 99 crash cases involving 240 vehicles and
864 occupants were obtained during the study period. Statistical test
and logistic regression analysis have been performed. Results of the
analysis revealed that gender, seat position and age were associated
with seat belt wearing compliance in Malaysia. Males are 97.6%
more likely to wear seat belt compared to females (95% CI 1.317 to
2.964). By seat position, the finding indicates that frontal occupants
were 82 times more likely to be wearing seat belt (95% CI 30.199 to
225.342) as compared to rear occupants. It is also important to note
that the odds of seat belt wearing increased by about 2.64% (95% CI
1.0176 to 1.0353) for every one year increase in age. This study is
essential in understanding the Malaysian tendency in belting up
while being occupied in a vehicle. The factors highlighted in this
study should be emphasized in road safety education in order to
increase seat belt wearing rate in this country and ultimately in
preventing deaths due to road crashes.
[1] Bernama, 24 February 2011. 21,250,145 kenderaan berdaftar. Available:
http://berita-harian-online.com/21250145-kenderaan-berdaftar/ (26 July
2011).
[2] Derosa, D., & Larsonneur, J. F., Seatbelt improvements, Regie Renault
Technical Center-France, Society of Automotive Engineers, 840400,
March, 1984, pp. 287-298.
[3] Engberg, A., Severe traumatic brain injuryÐepidemiology, external
causes, prevention, and rehabilitation of mental physical sequelae. Acta
Neurol Scand 92(164), 1995, pp. 127-134.
[4] Smith-Seemiller, L., Lovell, M. R., Franzen, M. D., Smith, S. S., &
Townsend, R. N.. Neuropsychological function in restrained versus
unrestrained motor vehicle occupants who suffer closed head injury.
Brain Inj 11, 1997, pp. 743-750.
[5] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), (2003),
Safety Belts and Teens 2003 Report.
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/airbags/buasbteens03/index.htm
[6] John Adams, 2001. Risk. Routledge. London.
[7] Norlen M, Fadhli Y, Wahida AB, Ilhamah O & Iskandar A., Seat belt
Wearing Compliance Among Road Users in Putrajaya, MRR 13/2009,
Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research, 2010.
[8] Zarir Hafiz Zulkipli, Abdul Rahmat Abdul Manap, Maryatini Md Saat
and Tan Kean Lee, Data Collection Form Handbook: Passenger Car,
MIROS Publication, Kajang, 2011.
[9] Shewan, C.M., & Henderson, V.L. (1988). Analysis of spontaneous
language in the older normal population. Journal of Communication
Disorders, 21(2), 139-154. Weismer, G., & Liss, J., Speech motor
control and aging. In D. Ripich (Ed.), Handbook of geriatric
communication disorders. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed, Inc., 1991, pp. 205-225.
[10] Yorkston, K.M., & Beukelman, D.R., An analysis of connected speech
samples of aphasic and normal speakers. Journal of Speech and Hearing
Disorders, XLV(1), 1980, pp. 27-36.
[1] Bernama, 24 February 2011. 21,250,145 kenderaan berdaftar. Available:
http://berita-harian-online.com/21250145-kenderaan-berdaftar/ (26 July
2011).
[2] Derosa, D., & Larsonneur, J. F., Seatbelt improvements, Regie Renault
Technical Center-France, Society of Automotive Engineers, 840400,
March, 1984, pp. 287-298.
[3] Engberg, A., Severe traumatic brain injuryÐepidemiology, external
causes, prevention, and rehabilitation of mental physical sequelae. Acta
Neurol Scand 92(164), 1995, pp. 127-134.
[4] Smith-Seemiller, L., Lovell, M. R., Franzen, M. D., Smith, S. S., &
Townsend, R. N.. Neuropsychological function in restrained versus
unrestrained motor vehicle occupants who suffer closed head injury.
Brain Inj 11, 1997, pp. 743-750.
[5] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), (2003),
Safety Belts and Teens 2003 Report.
http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/airbags/buasbteens03/index.htm
[6] John Adams, 2001. Risk. Routledge. London.
[7] Norlen M, Fadhli Y, Wahida AB, Ilhamah O & Iskandar A., Seat belt
Wearing Compliance Among Road Users in Putrajaya, MRR 13/2009,
Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research, 2010.
[8] Zarir Hafiz Zulkipli, Abdul Rahmat Abdul Manap, Maryatini Md Saat
and Tan Kean Lee, Data Collection Form Handbook: Passenger Car,
MIROS Publication, Kajang, 2011.
[9] Shewan, C.M., & Henderson, V.L. (1988). Analysis of spontaneous
language in the older normal population. Journal of Communication
Disorders, 21(2), 139-154. Weismer, G., & Liss, J., Speech motor
control and aging. In D. Ripich (Ed.), Handbook of geriatric
communication disorders. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed, Inc., 1991, pp. 205-225.
[10] Yorkston, K.M., & Beukelman, D.R., An analysis of connected speech
samples of aphasic and normal speakers. Journal of Speech and Hearing
Disorders, XLV(1), 1980, pp. 27-36.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:50078", author = "L. Fauziana and M. F. Siti Atiqah and Z. A. Ahmad Noor Syukri", title = "Identification of Seat Belt Wearing Compliance Associate Factors in Malaysia: Evidence-based Approach", abstract = "The aim of the study was to identify seat belt wearing
factor among road users in Malaysia. Evidence-based approach
through in-depth crash investigation was utilised to determine the
intended objectives. The objective was scoped into crashes
investigated by Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research
(MIROS) involving passenger vehicles within 2007 and 2010. Crash
information of a total of 99 crash cases involving 240 vehicles and
864 occupants were obtained during the study period. Statistical test
and logistic regression analysis have been performed. Results of the
analysis revealed that gender, seat position and age were associated
with seat belt wearing compliance in Malaysia. Males are 97.6%
more likely to wear seat belt compared to females (95% CI 1.317 to
2.964). By seat position, the finding indicates that frontal occupants
were 82 times more likely to be wearing seat belt (95% CI 30.199 to
225.342) as compared to rear occupants. It is also important to note
that the odds of seat belt wearing increased by about 2.64% (95% CI
1.0176 to 1.0353) for every one year increase in age. This study is
essential in understanding the Malaysian tendency in belting up
while being occupied in a vehicle. The factors highlighted in this
study should be emphasized in road safety education in order to
increase seat belt wearing rate in this country and ultimately in
preventing deaths due to road crashes.", keywords = "crash investigation, risk compensation, road safety,seat belt wearing, statistical analysis.", volume = "5", number = "9", pages = "1129-5", }