Identification of Healthy and BSR-Infected Oil Palm Trees Using Color Indices
Most of the oil palm plantations have been threatened
by Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease which causes serious economic
impact. This study was conducted to identify the healthy and BSRinfected
oil palm tree using thirteen color indices. Multispectral and
thermal camera was used to capture 216 images of the leaves taken
from frond number 1, 9 and 17. Indices of normalized difference
vegetation index (NDVI), red (R), green (G), blue (B), near infrared
(NIR), green – blue (GB), green/blue (G/B), green – red (GR),
green/red (G/R), hue (H), saturation (S), intensity (I) and thermal
index (T) were used. From this study, it can be concluded that G
index taken from frond number 9 is the best index to differentiate
between the healthy and BSR-infected oil palm trees. It not only gave
high value of correlation coefficient (R=-0.962), but also high value
of separation between healthy and BSR-infected oil palm tree.
Furthermore, power and S model developed using G index gave the
highest R2 value which is 0.985.
A. Roslan, and A.S. Idris,“Economic impact of Ganoderma incidence on
Malaysian oil palm plantation – a case study in Johor,” in Oil Palm
Industry Economic Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 24-30, 2012.
[2] R.H.V. Corley, and P.B. Tinker, The oil palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq).
Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004, 4th edition.
[3] R.H.Y. Corley, J.J. Hardon, and B.J. Wood, Oil palm research.
Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1976.
[4] P.D. Turner, Oil Palm Diseases and Disorders. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1981.
[5] D. Ariffin, A.S. Idris, and H. Khairuddin, “Confirmation of Ganoderma
infected palm by drilling technique,” in Proc of the PORIM
International Palm Oil Congress: Update and Vision (Agriculture),
Bangi, 1993, pp. 735-738.
[6] A.S. Idris, and R. Rafidah, “Enzyme linked immune sorbent assaypolyclonal
antibody (ELISA-PAb),” MPOB Information Series, no. 430,
pp. 4, 2008.
[7] A.S. Idris, M.S. Mazliham, P. Loonis, and M.B. Wahid,“Gano Sken for
early detection of Ganoderma,”MPOB Information Series, no. 499, pp.
4, 2010.
[8] T.W. Darmono, and Suharyanto, “Detection of basal stem rot disease of
oil palm using polyclonal antibody”,Menara Perkebunan, 67(1), pp. 32-
39, 1999.
[9] H. Santoso, T. Gunawan, R. Jatmiko, W. Darmosarko, and B. Minasny,
“Mapping and identifying basal stem rot disease in oil palms in North
Sumatra with Quickbird Imagery,” Precision Agriculture, 12(2), pp.
233-248, 2011.
A. Roslan, and A.S. Idris,“Economic impact of Ganoderma incidence on
Malaysian oil palm plantation – a case study in Johor,” in Oil Palm
Industry Economic Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 24-30, 2012.
[2] R.H.V. Corley, and P.B. Tinker, The oil palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq).
Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2004, 4th edition.
[3] R.H.Y. Corley, J.J. Hardon, and B.J. Wood, Oil palm research.
Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1976.
[4] P.D. Turner, Oil Palm Diseases and Disorders. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1981.
[5] D. Ariffin, A.S. Idris, and H. Khairuddin, “Confirmation of Ganoderma
infected palm by drilling technique,” in Proc of the PORIM
International Palm Oil Congress: Update and Vision (Agriculture),
Bangi, 1993, pp. 735-738.
[6] A.S. Idris, and R. Rafidah, “Enzyme linked immune sorbent assaypolyclonal
antibody (ELISA-PAb),” MPOB Information Series, no. 430,
pp. 4, 2008.
[7] A.S. Idris, M.S. Mazliham, P. Loonis, and M.B. Wahid,“Gano Sken for
early detection of Ganoderma,”MPOB Information Series, no. 499, pp.
4, 2010.
[8] T.W. Darmono, and Suharyanto, “Detection of basal stem rot disease of
oil palm using polyclonal antibody”,Menara Perkebunan, 67(1), pp. 32-
39, 1999.
[9] H. Santoso, T. Gunawan, R. Jatmiko, W. Darmosarko, and B. Minasny,
“Mapping and identifying basal stem rot disease in oil palms in North
Sumatra with Quickbird Imagery,” Precision Agriculture, 12(2), pp.
233-248, 2011.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:70415", author = "Siti Khairunniza-Bejo and Yusnida Yusoff and Nik Salwani Nik Yusoff and Idris Abu Seman and Mohamad Izzuddin Anuar", title = "Identification of Healthy and BSR-Infected Oil Palm Trees Using Color Indices", abstract = "Most of the oil palm plantations have been threatened
by Basal Stem Rot (BSR) disease which causes serious economic
impact. This study was conducted to identify the healthy and BSRinfected
oil palm tree using thirteen color indices. Multispectral and
thermal camera was used to capture 216 images of the leaves taken
from frond number 1, 9 and 17. Indices of normalized difference
vegetation index (NDVI), red (R), green (G), blue (B), near infrared
(NIR), green – blue (GB), green/blue (G/B), green – red (GR),
green/red (G/R), hue (H), saturation (S), intensity (I) and thermal
index (T) were used. From this study, it can be concluded that G
index taken from frond number 9 is the best index to differentiate
between the healthy and BSR-infected oil palm trees. It not only gave
high value of correlation coefficient (R=-0.962), but also high value
of separation between healthy and BSR-infected oil palm tree.
Furthermore, power and S model developed using G index gave the
highest R2 value which is 0.985.", keywords = "Oil palm, image processing, disease, leaves.", volume = "9", number = "8", pages = "876-4", }