Human Pose Estimation using Active Shape Models

Human pose estimation can be executed using Active Shape Models. The existing techniques for applying to human-body research using Active Shape Models, such as human detection, primarily take the form of silhouette of human body. This technique is not able to estimate accurately for human pose to concern two arms and legs, as the silhouette of human body represents the shape as out of round. To solve this problem, we applied the human body model as stick-figure, “skeleton". The skeleton model of human body can give consideration to various shapes of human pose. To obtain effective estimation result, we applied background subtraction and deformed matching algorithm of primary Active Shape Models in the fitting process. The images which were used to make the model were 600 human bodies, and the model has 17 landmark points which indicate body junction and key features of human pose. The maximum iteration for the fitting process was 30 times and the execution time was less than .03 sec.





References:
[1] R. Poppe, "Vision-based human motion analysis: An overview, "
Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 108, 2007, pp. 4-18.
[2] T. F. Cootes, C. J. Taylor, "Statistical Models of Appearance for
Computer Vision,"
http://personalpages.manchester.ac.uk/staff/timothy.f.cootes/Models/app
_models.pdf.
[3] D. Kim, V. Maik, D. Lee, J. Shin, and J. Paik, "Active Shape model-based
object tracking in panoramic Video," Proc. ICCS, LNCS, vol. 3994, pp.
922-929, 2006.
[4] D. Shi, S. R. Gumm, and R. I. Damper, "Handwritten Chinese Radical
Recognition Using Nonlinear Active Shape Models," IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE
INTELLIGENCE, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 277-280, 2003.
[5] A. M. Baumberg, and D. C. Hogg, "An Efficient Method for Contour
Tracking using Active Shape Models," Motion of Non-Rigid and
Articulated Objects, Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE, pp. 194-199.
[6] H. Sunder, D. Silver, N. Gagvani, and S. Dickinson, "Skeleton Based
Shape Matching and Retrieval," Shape Modeling International, pp.
130-139, 2003
[7] H. Blum, "A Transformation for Extracting New Descriptors of Shape,"
Computer Vision and Image Understanding: MIT press, pp. 362-380,
1967.
[8] T. F. Cootes, C. J. Taylor, D. H. Cooper, and J. Graham,"Active Shape
Models-Their Training and Application" Computer Vision and Image
Understanding, vol. 61, pp. 38-59, 1995.
[9] B. V. Ginneken, A. F. Frangi, J. J. Staal, B. H. Romeny, and M. A.
Viergever, "Active Shape Model Segmentation With Optimal Features,"
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING, vol. 21, no. 8, pp.
924-933, 2002
[10] H. H. Thodberg, and A. Rosholm, "Application of the active shape model
in a commercial medical device for bone densitometry," Image and
Vision Computing, vol. 21, pp. 1155-1161, 2003.
[11] T. F. Cootes, A. Hill, C. T. Taylor, and J. Haslam,"The use of Active
Shape Models For Locating Structures in Medical Images," Image and
Vision Computing, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 355-366, 1994.
[12] W. Wang, S. Shan, W. Gao, B. Cao, and B. Yin, "An Improved Active
Shape Model for Face Alignment," Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE
International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces, pp. 523-528, 2002.
[13] S. Romdhani, S. Gong, and A. Psarrou, "A Multi-View Nonlinear Active
Shape Model Using Kernel PCA," BMVC99, pp. 483-492.
[14] M. B. Stegmann,"The AAM-API: An Open Source Active Appearance
Model Implementation" Informatics and Mathematical Modelling,
Technical University of Denmark,
http://www.imm.dtu.dk/~mbs/