Highly Accurate Tennis Ball Throwing Machine with Intelligent Control
The paper presents an advanced control system for
tennis ball throwing machines to improve their accuracy according to
the ball impact points. A further advantage of the system is the much
easier calibration process involving the intelligent solution of the
automatic adjustment of the stroking parameters according to the ball
elasticity, the self-calibration, the use of the safety margin at very flat
strokes and the possibility to placing the machine to any position of
the half court. The system applies mathematical methods to
determine the exact ball trajectories and special approximating
processes to access all points on the aimed half court.
[1] Z. Zhang, D. Xu, and M. Tan, “Visual Measurement and Prediction of
Ball Trajectory for Table Tennis Robot,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.,
vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 3195–3205, 2010.
[2] H. Su, Z. Fang, D. Xu, and M. Tan: Trajectory Prediction of Spinning
Ball Based on Fuzzy Filtering and Local Modeling for Robotic Ping-
Pong Player, IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurements,
Vol.62, No. 11, (Nov. 2013), pp. 2890-2900.
[3] B. Chakraborty and S. Meher, “A trajectory-based ball detection and
tracking system with applications to shot-type identification in
volleyball videos,” IEEE Int. Conf. on Signal Process. and Commun.
(SPCOM), pp. 1–5, 2012.
[4] K. Wójcicki, K. Puciłowski, and Z. Kulesza, “Mathematical Analysis for
a New Tennis Ball Launcher,” Acta Mechanica et Automatica, vol. 5,
no. 4, pp. 111–118, 2011.
[5] H. Olsson: Control Systems with Friction, Ph.D. dissertation, Lund Inst.
Technology, Lund, Sweden, 1996.
[6] R. Kelly, J. Llamas, and R. Campa: A Measurement Procedure for
Viscous and Coulomb Friction, IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and
Measurements, Vol. 49, No. 4, (Aug. 2000), pp. 857-861.
[7] E. Achenbach, “Experiments on the flow past spheres at very high
Reynolds number,” J. of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 565–575,
1972.
[8] S. J. Haake, S. G. Chadwick, R. J. Dignall, S. R. Goodwill, and P. Rose:
Engineering tennis – slowing the game down, Sports Engineering, 3 (2)
2000, pp. 131-143.
[9] G. Brasseur: A Capacitive 4-Turn Angular-Position Sensors, IEEE
Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurements, Vol. 47, No. 1, (Feb.
1998), pp. 275-279.
[10] A. Stepanek, “The aerodynamics of tennis balls—the topspin lob,” Amer.
J. of Physics, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 138–142, 1988.
[11] F. Alam, A. Subic, and S. Watkins: An Experimental Study on
Aerodynamic Drag of a Series of Tennis Balls, Proc. of Int. Congress of
Sport Dynamics, 13 September 2003, Melbourne.
[12] S. R. Goodwill, S. B. Chin, and S. J. Haake, “Aerodynamics of spinning
and non-spinning tennis balls” J. of Wind Eng. and Ind. Aerodynamics,
vol. 92, no. 11, pp. 935–958, 2004.
[13] F. Kovács, et al., “Computer controller ball throwing machine,” U.S.
Patent 5 125 653 A, June 30, 1992.
[1] Z. Zhang, D. Xu, and M. Tan, “Visual Measurement and Prediction of
Ball Trajectory for Table Tennis Robot,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.,
vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 3195–3205, 2010.
[2] H. Su, Z. Fang, D. Xu, and M. Tan: Trajectory Prediction of Spinning
Ball Based on Fuzzy Filtering and Local Modeling for Robotic Ping-
Pong Player, IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurements,
Vol.62, No. 11, (Nov. 2013), pp. 2890-2900.
[3] B. Chakraborty and S. Meher, “A trajectory-based ball detection and
tracking system with applications to shot-type identification in
volleyball videos,” IEEE Int. Conf. on Signal Process. and Commun.
(SPCOM), pp. 1–5, 2012.
[4] K. Wójcicki, K. Puciłowski, and Z. Kulesza, “Mathematical Analysis for
a New Tennis Ball Launcher,” Acta Mechanica et Automatica, vol. 5,
no. 4, pp. 111–118, 2011.
[5] H. Olsson: Control Systems with Friction, Ph.D. dissertation, Lund Inst.
Technology, Lund, Sweden, 1996.
[6] R. Kelly, J. Llamas, and R. Campa: A Measurement Procedure for
Viscous and Coulomb Friction, IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and
Measurements, Vol. 49, No. 4, (Aug. 2000), pp. 857-861.
[7] E. Achenbach, “Experiments on the flow past spheres at very high
Reynolds number,” J. of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 565–575,
1972.
[8] S. J. Haake, S. G. Chadwick, R. J. Dignall, S. R. Goodwill, and P. Rose:
Engineering tennis – slowing the game down, Sports Engineering, 3 (2)
2000, pp. 131-143.
[9] G. Brasseur: A Capacitive 4-Turn Angular-Position Sensors, IEEE
Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurements, Vol. 47, No. 1, (Feb.
1998), pp. 275-279.
[10] A. Stepanek, “The aerodynamics of tennis balls—the topspin lob,” Amer.
J. of Physics, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 138–142, 1988.
[11] F. Alam, A. Subic, and S. Watkins: An Experimental Study on
Aerodynamic Drag of a Series of Tennis Balls, Proc. of Int. Congress of
Sport Dynamics, 13 September 2003, Melbourne.
[12] S. R. Goodwill, S. B. Chin, and S. J. Haake, “Aerodynamics of spinning
and non-spinning tennis balls” J. of Wind Eng. and Ind. Aerodynamics,
vol. 92, no. 11, pp. 935–958, 2004.
[13] F. Kovács, et al., “Computer controller ball throwing machine,” U.S.
Patent 5 125 653 A, June 30, 1992.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:70800", author = "Ferenc Kovács and Gábor Hosszú", title = "Highly Accurate Tennis Ball Throwing Machine with Intelligent Control", abstract = "The paper presents an advanced control system for
tennis ball throwing machines to improve their accuracy according to
the ball impact points. A further advantage of the system is the much
easier calibration process involving the intelligent solution of the
automatic adjustment of the stroking parameters according to the ball
elasticity, the self-calibration, the use of the safety margin at very flat
strokes and the possibility to placing the machine to any position of
the half court. The system applies mathematical methods to
determine the exact ball trajectories and special approximating
processes to access all points on the aimed half court.", keywords = "Control system, robot programming, robot control,
sports equipment, throwing machine.", volume = "9", number = "9", pages = "1629-5", }
