Female Labor Force Participation in Third World Countries: An Empirical Analysis

The study identified the socio-economic and
demographic factors of both married and unmarried females in third
world countries. Almost all the countries have same problems but we
have selected Pakistan as a sample country. The main purpose of this
study was to examine which factors forced women to participate in
labor market. So the best technique of data collection was survey of
both married and unmarried females between the ages of 20 to 49.
Two models (probit and logit) were used to analyze the factors which
effect on FLFP. The result showed that some factors e.g. age;
education and marital status have significant effect on FLFP. The
findings showed that educated women and those who belong to joint
families are more participate because of financial pressure.

• Anam Azam
• Muhammad Rafiq

• Education
• Financial status
• Family pressure Labor Market participation.

[1] Washingtone, D.C (2002), A Source Book for Poverty Reduction
Strategies World Development Report in World Bank..
[2] Pakistan, Government of (1998) Labour Force Survey, 1990-2000.
Islamabad:W. Statistics Division, Statistics Division, Federal Bureau of
Statistics.
[3] Dale, A, Lindley, J and Dex, S. (2006). “A life course perspective on
Ethnic Differences in Women’s Economic Activity in Britain”. CSSR
Working Paper 2005-08.
[4] “Muslim Population by Country". The Future of the Global Muslim
Population. Pew Research Center. Retrieved 22 December 2011.
[5] Hafeez, A. and Ahmad, E. (2002) “Labor Force Participation Decision
of Educated Married Women”. Pakistan Economic and Social Review.
Volume XL, No. 1,pp75-88.
[6] Ejaz, M. (2005),female labor force participation”. The Lahore Journal of
Economics.
[7] Ahmed, S and Dale, A (2008), “Pakistani and Bangladeshi Women’s
Labor Market Participation”, “CCSR Working Paper”, in University of
Manchester.
[8] Shaheen,S.(2011).“Female Labor Force Participation in Pakistan”.
Journal of Social and Development Sciences, Vol. No. 2(3), pp. 104-
110.
[9] Zareen F. NaqviI and Shahnaz, (2002). “Women Decide to Work in
Pakistan”. The Pakistan Development Review.
[10] Isran,S and Ali Isran, M. “Low Female Labour Participation.” Pakistan
Journal of Social Science. Vol.32 (2), pp 453-468.