Feature Extraction of Dorsal Hand Vein Pattern Using a Fast Modified PCA Algorithm Based On Cholesky Decomposition and Lanczos Technique
Dorsal hand vein pattern is an emerging biometric which is attracting the attention of researchers, of late. Research is being carried out on existing techniques in the hope of improving them or finding more efficient ones. In this work, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) , which is a successful method, originally applied on face biometric is being modified using Cholesky decomposition and Lanczos algorithm to extract the dorsal hand vein features. This modified technique decreases the number of computation and hence decreases the processing time. The eigenveins were successfully computed and projected onto the vein space. The system was tested on a database of 200 images and using a threshold value of 0.9 to obtain the False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and False Rejection Rate (FRR). This modified algorithm is desirable when developing biometric security system since it significantly decreases the matching time.
[1] C.Lin and K.Fan, "Biometric Verification Using Thermal Images of Palm-
Dorsa Vein Patterns", IEEE Transactions on Circuit and Systems for
Video Technology, Vol 14, No.2,2004.
[2] J.Cross and C.Smith, "Thermographic Imaging of Subcutaneous Vascular
Network of the Back of the Hand for Biometric Identification" ,IEEE 29th
Annual 1995 International Carnahan Conference,pg. 20-35, 1995.
[3] W.Lingyu and G.Leedham, " Near- and- Far- Infrared Imaging for Vein
Pattern Biometrics", Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference
on Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2006.
[4] L.Chen, H.Zheng, L.Li, P.Xie and S.Lui, "Near-infrared Dorsal Hand Vein
Image Segmentation by Local Thresholding Using Grayscale Morphology",
The 1st International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical
Engineering, Pg. 868- 871, 2007.
[5] A.Badawi, "Hand Vein Biometric Verification Prototype: A Testing Performance
and Patterns Similarity", In Proceedings of the 2006 International
Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, and Pattern
Recognition, Las Vegas, USA, June 26-29, 2006.
[6] M.Turk and A.Pentland, "Face Recognition Using Eigenfaces",IEEE
Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,
Pg 586-591,3-6 Jun 1991.
[7] I.Dagher, W.Kobersy and W.Nader" Human Hand Recognition using
IPCA-ICA Algorithm" , EURASIP Journal on Advances in signal processing,
vol 2007.
[8] M.Heenaye-Mamode Khan, R.K.Subramanian and N. Mamode Khan,
"Low dimensional representation of dorsal hand vein features using
Principle Component Analysis" , In the Proceedings of World Academy
of Science, Engineering and Technology, Pg 1091- 1097, Dubai, United
Arabs Emirates, Volume 37,ISSN 2070- 3740, January 28-30, 2009
[9] M. Heenaye- Mamode Khan, R.K.Subramanian R.K., and N. Mamode
Khan. "Representation of Hand Dorsal Vein Features Using a low
Dimensional Representation Integrating Cholesky Decomposition", In
the IEEE 2nd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing,
Tianjin, China, Vol.3, 17-19 October 2009.
[10] Y.Saad, "Numerical Methods for Large Eigenvalue Problems" ,ISBN
0-470-21820 http://users.cs.umn.edu/ saad/books.html
[11] D.Calvetti, L.Reichel, and D.C.Sorrrensen, " An implicitly Restarted
Lanczos Method for Large Symmetric Eigenvalue Problems" , 1994.
(http://etna.mcs.kent.edu/vol.2.1994/pp1-21.dir/pp1-21.ps)
[12] S. Zhao, Y.Wang and Y.Wang,"Extracting Hand Vein Patterns from Low-
Quality Images: A New Biometric technique Using Low-Cost Devices"
, IEEE 4th International Conference on Image and Graphics, 2007
[13] L. Wang, G.KLeedham and D.Cho,"Minutiae feature analysis for infrared
hand vein pattern biometrics", The Journal of the pattern recognition
society, Pg. 920-929, Volume 41 ,Issue 3, ISSN:0031-3203, March
2008.
[14] [14] M.Shahin, A.M. Badawi and M.Kamel,"Biometric Authentication
Using Fast Correlation of Near Infrared Hand Vein Patterns", Volume
2,Number 3, 2007.
[15] M.K.Shahin, A.M. Badawi and M.E.Rasmy, "A Multimodal Hand Vein,
Hand Geometry, and Fingerprint prototype design for high security
biometrics" , In the Proceedings of CIBEC-08, 2008.
[16] M.Sonka, V.Hlavac, R.Boyle, "Image Processing: Analysis and Machine
Vision, Thomson- Engineering",2nd Edition, September 1998.
[17] S.Zhao, Y.Wang,and Y.Wang,Y, "Extracting Hand Vein Patterns from
Low-Quality Images: A New Biometric technique Using Low-Cost Devices",
IEEE, 4th International Conference on Image and Graphics, 2007
[18] T. Chin and D. Suter. "A study of the Eigenface Approach for Face
Recognition", Technical Report MECSE-6, 2004
[1] C.Lin and K.Fan, "Biometric Verification Using Thermal Images of Palm-
Dorsa Vein Patterns", IEEE Transactions on Circuit and Systems for
Video Technology, Vol 14, No.2,2004.
[2] J.Cross and C.Smith, "Thermographic Imaging of Subcutaneous Vascular
Network of the Back of the Hand for Biometric Identification" ,IEEE 29th
Annual 1995 International Carnahan Conference,pg. 20-35, 1995.
[3] W.Lingyu and G.Leedham, " Near- and- Far- Infrared Imaging for Vein
Pattern Biometrics", Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference
on Video and Signal Based Surveillance, 2006.
[4] L.Chen, H.Zheng, L.Li, P.Xie and S.Lui, "Near-infrared Dorsal Hand Vein
Image Segmentation by Local Thresholding Using Grayscale Morphology",
The 1st International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical
Engineering, Pg. 868- 871, 2007.
[5] A.Badawi, "Hand Vein Biometric Verification Prototype: A Testing Performance
and Patterns Similarity", In Proceedings of the 2006 International
Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision, and Pattern
Recognition, Las Vegas, USA, June 26-29, 2006.
[6] M.Turk and A.Pentland, "Face Recognition Using Eigenfaces",IEEE
Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,
Pg 586-591,3-6 Jun 1991.
[7] I.Dagher, W.Kobersy and W.Nader" Human Hand Recognition using
IPCA-ICA Algorithm" , EURASIP Journal on Advances in signal processing,
vol 2007.
[8] M.Heenaye-Mamode Khan, R.K.Subramanian and N. Mamode Khan,
"Low dimensional representation of dorsal hand vein features using
Principle Component Analysis" , In the Proceedings of World Academy
of Science, Engineering and Technology, Pg 1091- 1097, Dubai, United
Arabs Emirates, Volume 37,ISSN 2070- 3740, January 28-30, 2009
[9] M. Heenaye- Mamode Khan, R.K.Subramanian R.K., and N. Mamode
Khan. "Representation of Hand Dorsal Vein Features Using a low
Dimensional Representation Integrating Cholesky Decomposition", In
the IEEE 2nd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing,
Tianjin, China, Vol.3, 17-19 October 2009.
[10] Y.Saad, "Numerical Methods for Large Eigenvalue Problems" ,ISBN
0-470-21820 http://users.cs.umn.edu/ saad/books.html
[11] D.Calvetti, L.Reichel, and D.C.Sorrrensen, " An implicitly Restarted
Lanczos Method for Large Symmetric Eigenvalue Problems" , 1994.
(http://etna.mcs.kent.edu/vol.2.1994/pp1-21.dir/pp1-21.ps)
[12] S. Zhao, Y.Wang and Y.Wang,"Extracting Hand Vein Patterns from Low-
Quality Images: A New Biometric technique Using Low-Cost Devices"
, IEEE 4th International Conference on Image and Graphics, 2007
[13] L. Wang, G.KLeedham and D.Cho,"Minutiae feature analysis for infrared
hand vein pattern biometrics", The Journal of the pattern recognition
society, Pg. 920-929, Volume 41 ,Issue 3, ISSN:0031-3203, March
2008.
[14] [14] M.Shahin, A.M. Badawi and M.Kamel,"Biometric Authentication
Using Fast Correlation of Near Infrared Hand Vein Patterns", Volume
2,Number 3, 2007.
[15] M.K.Shahin, A.M. Badawi and M.E.Rasmy, "A Multimodal Hand Vein,
Hand Geometry, and Fingerprint prototype design for high security
biometrics" , In the Proceedings of CIBEC-08, 2008.
[16] M.Sonka, V.Hlavac, R.Boyle, "Image Processing: Analysis and Machine
Vision, Thomson- Engineering",2nd Edition, September 1998.
[17] S.Zhao, Y.Wang,and Y.Wang,Y, "Extracting Hand Vein Patterns from
Low-Quality Images: A New Biometric technique Using Low-Cost Devices",
IEEE, 4th International Conference on Image and Graphics, 2007
[18] T. Chin and D. Suter. "A study of the Eigenface Approach for Face
Recognition", Technical Report MECSE-6, 2004
@article{"International Journal of Engineering, Mathematical and Physical Sciences:57500", author = "Maleika Heenaye- Mamode Khan and Naushad Mamode Khan and Raja K.Subramanian", title = "Feature Extraction of Dorsal Hand Vein Pattern Using a Fast Modified PCA Algorithm Based On Cholesky Decomposition and Lanczos Technique", abstract = "Dorsal hand vein pattern is an emerging biometric which is attracting the attention of researchers, of late. Research is being carried out on existing techniques in the hope of improving them or finding more efficient ones. In this work, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) , which is a successful method, originally applied on face biometric is being modified using Cholesky decomposition and Lanczos algorithm to extract the dorsal hand vein features. This modified technique decreases the number of computation and hence decreases the processing time. The eigenveins were successfully computed and projected onto the vein space. The system was tested on a database of 200 images and using a threshold value of 0.9 to obtain the False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and False Rejection Rate (FRR). This modified algorithm is desirable when developing biometric security system since it significantly decreases the matching time.
", keywords = "Dorsal hand vein pattern, PCA, Cholesky decomposition, Lanczos algorithm.", volume = "4", number = "1", pages = "83-4", }
