New ways of working- refers to non-traditional work practices, settings and locations with information and communication technologies (ICT) to supplement or replace traditional ways of working. It questions the contemporary work practices and settings still very much used in knowledge-intensive organizations today. In this study new ways of working is seen to consist of two elements: work environment (incl. physical, virtual and social) and work practices. This study aims to gather the scattered information together and deepen the understanding on new ways of working. Moreover, the objective is to provide some evidence of the unclear productivity impacts of new ways of working using case study approach.
[1] Ramirez, Y.W., Nembhard, D.A. (2004), "Measuring knowledge worker
productivity. A taxonomy", Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol 5 No.,4,
pp. 602-628.
[2] Davenport, T.H. (2010). Process Management for Knowledge Work. In:
Handbook on Business Process Management 1, pp. 17-35.
[3] Sveiby, K.-E. (1997), "The New Organizational Wealth: Managing and
Measuring Knowledge-Based Assets", Berrett-Koehler Publishers Inc.,
San Francisco, CA.
[4] Röll, M. (2004), "Distributed KM - Improving Knowledge Workers-
Productivity and Organisational Knowledge Sharing with Weblog-based
Personal Publishing, BlogTalk 2.0", The European Conference on
Weblogs, Vienna 5th and 6th 2004.
[5] Haas, M.R., Hansen, M.T. (2007), "Different Knowledge, Different
Benefits: Toward a productivity perspective on knowledge sharing in
organizations", Strategic Management Journal. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vol 28, pp. 1133-1153.
[6] Steyn, P.D., du Toit, A.S.A. (2009), "Maximising the value of
knowledge workers", Published by InterWord Communications for
Department of Information and Knowledge Management, University of
Johannesburg.
[7] Erne, R. (2010), "Does Knowledge Worker Productivity Really
Matter?", Proceedings of I-KNOW 2010 (10th International Conference
on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Technologies), Austria.
[8] Wong, P., Neck, P. (2010), "to A Practitioner-s Approach Drucker-s
Knowledge - Worker Productivity in the 21st Century: A New
Model.(Part one) Review of International Comparative Management,
Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 685-695.
[9] Davenport, T. (2008), "Improving Knowledge Worker Performance", In:
From Strategy to Execution, Springer, Section 3, pp. 215-235.
[10] Springer, T. (2011), "Measuring Work and Work Performance", White
Paper, New Ways of Working LLC. 29 p.
[11] Gibson, V. (2003), "Flexible working needs flexible space?-Towards an
alternative workplace strategy", Journal of Property Investment &
Finance, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 12-22.
[12] Greene, C., Myerson, J. (2011), "Space for thought: designing for
knowledge workers", Facilities, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 19-30.
[13] van der Voordt, T.J.M. (2004), "Costs and benefits of flexible
workspaces: work in progress in The Netherlands", Facilities, Vol. 22,
No. 9 pp. 240 - 246.
[14] Khanna, S., New, R. (2008), "Revolutionizing the workplace: A case
study of the future of work program at Capital One", Human Resource
Management, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 795-808.
[15] Bradley, S. (2002), "What-s working? Briefing and evaluating
workplace performance improvement", Journal of Corporate Real
Estate, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 150-159.
[16] van der Voordt, T.J.M. (2004), "Productivity and employee satisfaction
in flexible workplaces", Journal of Corporate Real Estate, Vol. 6, No.
2, pp. 133-148.
[17] Ruostela, J., Lönnqvist, A., Palvalin, M., Vuolle, M. (2012), "Improving
knowledge work productivity through -New Ways of Working-: case
Rapal.", IFKAD-KCWS 2010 Italy, Matera on 13th - 15th June, 2012.
19 p.
[18] van Meel, J. (2011), "The origins of new ways of working - Office
concepts in the 1970s", Facilities, Vol. 29, No. 9/10, pp. 357-367.
[19] Bosch-Sijtsema, P.M., Ruohomäki, V., Vartiainen, M. (2009),
"Knowledge work productivity in distributed teams", Journal of
Knowledge Management, Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 533-546.
[20] Davenport, T., Prusak, L. (2000), "Working Knowledge: How
Organizations Manage What They Know", Harvard Business School
Press, Boston, MA.
[21] Thompson, P., Warhurst, C., Callaghan, G. (2001), "Ignorant theory and
knowledgeable workers: interrogating the connections between
knowledge, skills and services", Journal of Management Studies, Vol.
38, No. 7, pp. 923-943.
[22] Okkonen, J. (2004), "The Use of Performance Measurement in
Knowledge Work Context", e-Business Research Center eBRC.
Tampere University of Technology and University of Tampere. 197 p.
[23] Kelloway, E.K., Barling, J. (2000), "Knowledge work as organizational
behavior", International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol. 2, No. 3,
pp. 287-304.
[24] Bentley, K., Yoong, P., (2000), "Knowledge work and telework: an
exploratory study", Internet Research, Vol. 10, pp. 346-356.
[25] Ramirez, Y.W., Steudel, H.J. (2008), "Measuring knowledge work: the
knowledge work quantification framework", Journal of Intellectual
Capital, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 564-584.
[26] Bontis, N. (2011), Information Bombardment. Rising above the digital
onslaught, Institute for Intellectual Capital Research. 390 p.
[27] Peterson, T.O., Beard, J.W., (2004), "Workspace technology-s impact
on individual privacy and team interaction", Team Performance
Management, Vol. 10, No. 7, pp. 163-172.
[28] Harrison, A. (2002), "Accommodating the new economy: The SANE
space environment model", Journal of Corporate Real Estate, Vol. 4,
No. 3, pp. 248-265.
[29] Hislop, D., Axtell, C. (2009), "To infinity and beyond?: workspace and
the multi-location worker", New Technology, Work and Employment,
Vol. 24, No.1 pp. 60-75.
[30] Drucker, P.F. (1999), "Knowledge-worker productivity: The biggest
challenge", California Management Review, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 79-94.
[31] Craig, C., Harris, R. (1973), "Total Productivity Measurement at the
Firm Level", Sloan Management Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 13-29.
[32] Thomas, B.E., Baron, J.P. (1994), "Evaluating Knowledge Worker
Productivity: Literature review", Interim Report, No. FF-94/27.
[33] Antikainen, R. (2006), "Asiantuntijatyön tuottavuusanalyysi -
kokemuksia subjektiivisen mittausmenetelm├ñn k├ñytöst├ñ", Tampere
University of Technology. Department of Industrial Engineering and
Management. Research Report 2006:1. 86 p. (In Finnish)
[34] Laihonen, H., J├ñ├ñskel├ñinen, A., Lönnqvist, A., Ruostela, J. (2012),
"Measuring the productivity impacts of new ways of working", Journal
of Facilities Management, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp.102 - 113.
[35] Vargo, S., Lusch, R. (2004), "Evolving to New Dominant Logic for
Marketing", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 68, January, pp. 1-17
[36] Grönroos, C. (2011), "Value Co-Creation in Service Logic: A Critical
Analysis", Marketing Theory, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 279-301.
[37] Lönnblad, J., Vartiainen, M. (2012), "Future Competences -
Comptences for New Ways of Working", Publication series B:12
University of Turku, Brahea Centre for Training and Development. 44 p.
[38] Breu, K. Hemingway, C. Ashurst, C. (2005), "The Impact of Mobile and
Wireless Technology on Knowledge Workers: An Exploratory Study",
European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) 2005
Proceedings. Paper 79. Available at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2005/79.
[39] Haner, U-E. (2005), "Spaces for Creativity and Innovation in Two
Established Organizations", Creativity and Innovation Management,
Vol. 14, No. 3., pp. 288-298.
[40] Felstead, A., Jewson, N., Walters, S. (2005), "The shifting locations of
work: new statistical evidence on the spaces and places of employment",
Work, employment and society, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 415-431.
[41] Gorgievski, M.J., van der Voordt, T.J.M., van Herpen, S.G.A., van
Akkeren, S. (2010), "After the fire - New ways of working in an
academic setting", Facilities, Vol. 28. No. 3/4, pp. 206-224.
[42] Becker, F. (1999) "Beyond alternative officing: Infrastructure ondemand",
Journal of Corporate Real Estate, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp.154 - 168.
[43] Ouye, J.A., Nagy, G. Zis, A., Hood, C, Nolan, E., Dirks, G., Creighton ,
J., Long, M., Gersberg, N., Ahmadi, R. (2011), "New Ways of Working
in the post-recession economy" Third Biannual Global Benchmarking
Study by New Ways of Working. New Ways of Working, LLC. 39 p.
[44] Maier, R., Thalmann, S. Bayer, F., Kr├╝ger, M., Nitz, H., Sandow, A.
(2008), "Optimizing Assignment of Knowledge Workers to Office
Space Using Knowledge Management Criteria: The flexible office
case", Journal of Universal Computer Science, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 508-
525.
[45] Vartiainen, M. (2006), "Workplace methodologies - Studying
communication, collaboration and workscapes", Report 2006/3.
Laboratory of Work Psychology and Leadership. Helsinki University of
Technology.Available:
http://www.vmwork.net/material/Methodologies06.pdf. pp. 1-10.
[46] Elsbach, K.D. (2003), "Relating Physical Environment to Self-
Categorizations: Identity Threat and Affirmation in a Non-Territorial
Office Space", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 48. Sage
publications. pp. 622-654.
[47] Haner, U-E., Kelter, J., Bauer, W., Rief, S. (2009), "Increasing
Information Worker Productivity through Information Work
Infrastructure", Proceeding EHAWC '09 Proceedings of the
International Conference on Ergonomics and Health Aspects of Work
with Computers: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 pp. 39-48.
[48] Hyrkkänen, U., Nenonen, S., Kojo, I. (2012), "The Virtual Reality of
Work - How to Create a Workplace that Enhances Well-Being for a
Mobile Employee", Virtual Reality and Environments, Dr. Cecília Sík
Lányi (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0579-4, InTech, Available from:
http://www.intechopen.com/books/virtual-reality-and-environments/thevirtual-
reality-of-work-how-to-create-a-workplace-that-enhances-wellbeing-
for-a-mobile-employ pp. 193-204.
[49] Vartiainen, M. (2007), "Analysis of Multilocational and Mobile
Knowledge Workers- Work Spaces", Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, Vol. 4562, pp. 194-203.
[50] Davis, G.B. (2002), "Anytime/Anyplace Computing and the Future of
Knowledge Work", Communications of the ACM, Vol. 45, No. 12, pp.
67-73.
[51] Karr-Wisniewski, P., Lu, Y. (2010), "When more is too much:
Operationalizing technology overload and exploring its impact on
knowledge worker productivity", Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.
26, pp. 1061-1072.
[52] Nenonen, S. (2004), "Analysing the intangible benefits of work space",
Facilities, Vol. 22, No. 9 pp. 233-239
[53] Haapamäki, J., Hakonen, M., Simanainen, K., Vartiainen, M.,
Nieminen, M.P., Virtaharju, J. (2010), "Kohti monipaikkaista virastoa -
Opas hajautuneisuuden vaatimiin muutoksiin", Aalto University School
of Science, BIT Research Centre. Available at:
http://www.vmwork.net/material/movi/MoViopasFINAL.pdf (In
Finnish)
[54] Roper, K.O., Kim, J.H. (2007), "Successful distributed work
arrangements: a developmental approach", Journal of Facilities
Management, Vol. 5, No.2, pp. 103-114.
[55] Halford, S. (2005), "Hybrid workspace: re-spatialisations of work,
organisation and management", New Technology, Work and
Employment, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 19-33.
[56] Perry, M., O-Hara, K., Sellen, A., Brown, B., Harper, R. (2001),
"Dealing with Mobility: Understanding Access Anytime, Anywhere",
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. Vol. 8, No. 4, pp.
323-347.
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mental workload factors in mobile multi-locational work", New
Technology, Work and Employment, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 117-135.
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[1] Ramirez, Y.W., Nembhard, D.A. (2004), "Measuring knowledge worker
productivity. A taxonomy", Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol 5 No.,4,
pp. 602-628.
[2] Davenport, T.H. (2010). Process Management for Knowledge Work. In:
Handbook on Business Process Management 1, pp. 17-35.
[3] Sveiby, K.-E. (1997), "The New Organizational Wealth: Managing and
Measuring Knowledge-Based Assets", Berrett-Koehler Publishers Inc.,
San Francisco, CA.
[4] Röll, M. (2004), "Distributed KM - Improving Knowledge Workers-
Productivity and Organisational Knowledge Sharing with Weblog-based
Personal Publishing, BlogTalk 2.0", The European Conference on
Weblogs, Vienna 5th and 6th 2004.
[5] Haas, M.R., Hansen, M.T. (2007), "Different Knowledge, Different
Benefits: Toward a productivity perspective on knowledge sharing in
organizations", Strategic Management Journal. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vol 28, pp. 1133-1153.
[6] Steyn, P.D., du Toit, A.S.A. (2009), "Maximising the value of
knowledge workers", Published by InterWord Communications for
Department of Information and Knowledge Management, University of
Johannesburg.
[7] Erne, R. (2010), "Does Knowledge Worker Productivity Really
Matter?", Proceedings of I-KNOW 2010 (10th International Conference
on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Technologies), Austria.
[8] Wong, P., Neck, P. (2010), "to A Practitioner-s Approach Drucker-s
Knowledge - Worker Productivity in the 21st Century: A New
Model.(Part one) Review of International Comparative Management,
Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 685-695.
[9] Davenport, T. (2008), "Improving Knowledge Worker Performance", In:
From Strategy to Execution, Springer, Section 3, pp. 215-235.
[10] Springer, T. (2011), "Measuring Work and Work Performance", White
Paper, New Ways of Working LLC. 29 p.
[11] Gibson, V. (2003), "Flexible working needs flexible space?-Towards an
alternative workplace strategy", Journal of Property Investment &
Finance, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 12-22.
[12] Greene, C., Myerson, J. (2011), "Space for thought: designing for
knowledge workers", Facilities, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 19-30.
[13] van der Voordt, T.J.M. (2004), "Costs and benefits of flexible
workspaces: work in progress in The Netherlands", Facilities, Vol. 22,
No. 9 pp. 240 - 246.
[14] Khanna, S., New, R. (2008), "Revolutionizing the workplace: A case
study of the future of work program at Capital One", Human Resource
Management, Vol. 47, No. 4, pp. 795-808.
[15] Bradley, S. (2002), "What-s working? Briefing and evaluating
workplace performance improvement", Journal of Corporate Real
Estate, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 150-159.
[16] van der Voordt, T.J.M. (2004), "Productivity and employee satisfaction
in flexible workplaces", Journal of Corporate Real Estate, Vol. 6, No.
2, pp. 133-148.
[17] Ruostela, J., Lönnqvist, A., Palvalin, M., Vuolle, M. (2012), "Improving
knowledge work productivity through -New Ways of Working-: case
Rapal.", IFKAD-KCWS 2010 Italy, Matera on 13th - 15th June, 2012.
19 p.
[18] van Meel, J. (2011), "The origins of new ways of working - Office
concepts in the 1970s", Facilities, Vol. 29, No. 9/10, pp. 357-367.
[19] Bosch-Sijtsema, P.M., Ruohomäki, V., Vartiainen, M. (2009),
"Knowledge work productivity in distributed teams", Journal of
Knowledge Management, Vol. 13, No. 6, pp. 533-546.
[20] Davenport, T., Prusak, L. (2000), "Working Knowledge: How
Organizations Manage What They Know", Harvard Business School
Press, Boston, MA.
[21] Thompson, P., Warhurst, C., Callaghan, G. (2001), "Ignorant theory and
knowledgeable workers: interrogating the connections between
knowledge, skills and services", Journal of Management Studies, Vol.
38, No. 7, pp. 923-943.
[22] Okkonen, J. (2004), "The Use of Performance Measurement in
Knowledge Work Context", e-Business Research Center eBRC.
Tampere University of Technology and University of Tampere. 197 p.
[23] Kelloway, E.K., Barling, J. (2000), "Knowledge work as organizational
behavior", International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol. 2, No. 3,
pp. 287-304.
[24] Bentley, K., Yoong, P., (2000), "Knowledge work and telework: an
exploratory study", Internet Research, Vol. 10, pp. 346-356.
[25] Ramirez, Y.W., Steudel, H.J. (2008), "Measuring knowledge work: the
knowledge work quantification framework", Journal of Intellectual
Capital, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 564-584.
[26] Bontis, N. (2011), Information Bombardment. Rising above the digital
onslaught, Institute for Intellectual Capital Research. 390 p.
[27] Peterson, T.O., Beard, J.W., (2004), "Workspace technology-s impact
on individual privacy and team interaction", Team Performance
Management, Vol. 10, No. 7, pp. 163-172.
[28] Harrison, A. (2002), "Accommodating the new economy: The SANE
space environment model", Journal of Corporate Real Estate, Vol. 4,
No. 3, pp. 248-265.
[29] Hislop, D., Axtell, C. (2009), "To infinity and beyond?: workspace and
the multi-location worker", New Technology, Work and Employment,
Vol. 24, No.1 pp. 60-75.
[30] Drucker, P.F. (1999), "Knowledge-worker productivity: The biggest
challenge", California Management Review, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 79-94.
[31] Craig, C., Harris, R. (1973), "Total Productivity Measurement at the
Firm Level", Sloan Management Review, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 13-29.
[32] Thomas, B.E., Baron, J.P. (1994), "Evaluating Knowledge Worker
Productivity: Literature review", Interim Report, No. FF-94/27.
[33] Antikainen, R. (2006), "Asiantuntijatyön tuottavuusanalyysi -
kokemuksia subjektiivisen mittausmenetelm├ñn k├ñytöst├ñ", Tampere
University of Technology. Department of Industrial Engineering and
Management. Research Report 2006:1. 86 p. (In Finnish)
[34] Laihonen, H., J├ñ├ñskel├ñinen, A., Lönnqvist, A., Ruostela, J. (2012),
"Measuring the productivity impacts of new ways of working", Journal
of Facilities Management, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp.102 - 113.
[35] Vargo, S., Lusch, R. (2004), "Evolving to New Dominant Logic for
Marketing", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 68, January, pp. 1-17
[36] Grönroos, C. (2011), "Value Co-Creation in Service Logic: A Critical
Analysis", Marketing Theory, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 279-301.
[37] Lönnblad, J., Vartiainen, M. (2012), "Future Competences -
Comptences for New Ways of Working", Publication series B:12
University of Turku, Brahea Centre for Training and Development. 44 p.
[38] Breu, K. Hemingway, C. Ashurst, C. (2005), "The Impact of Mobile and
Wireless Technology on Knowledge Workers: An Exploratory Study",
European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS) 2005
Proceedings. Paper 79. Available at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2005/79.
[39] Haner, U-E. (2005), "Spaces for Creativity and Innovation in Two
Established Organizations", Creativity and Innovation Management,
Vol. 14, No. 3., pp. 288-298.
[40] Felstead, A., Jewson, N., Walters, S. (2005), "The shifting locations of
work: new statistical evidence on the spaces and places of employment",
Work, employment and society, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 415-431.
[41] Gorgievski, M.J., van der Voordt, T.J.M., van Herpen, S.G.A., van
Akkeren, S. (2010), "After the fire - New ways of working in an
academic setting", Facilities, Vol. 28. No. 3/4, pp. 206-224.
[42] Becker, F. (1999) "Beyond alternative officing: Infrastructure ondemand",
Journal of Corporate Real Estate, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp.154 - 168.
[43] Ouye, J.A., Nagy, G. Zis, A., Hood, C, Nolan, E., Dirks, G., Creighton ,
J., Long, M., Gersberg, N., Ahmadi, R. (2011), "New Ways of Working
in the post-recession economy" Third Biannual Global Benchmarking
Study by New Ways of Working. New Ways of Working, LLC. 39 p.
[44] Maier, R., Thalmann, S. Bayer, F., Kr├╝ger, M., Nitz, H., Sandow, A.
(2008), "Optimizing Assignment of Knowledge Workers to Office
Space Using Knowledge Management Criteria: The flexible office
case", Journal of Universal Computer Science, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 508-
525.
[45] Vartiainen, M. (2006), "Workplace methodologies - Studying
communication, collaboration and workscapes", Report 2006/3.
Laboratory of Work Psychology and Leadership. Helsinki University of
Technology.Available:
http://www.vmwork.net/material/Methodologies06.pdf. pp. 1-10.
[46] Elsbach, K.D. (2003), "Relating Physical Environment to Self-
Categorizations: Identity Threat and Affirmation in a Non-Territorial
Office Space", Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 48. Sage
publications. pp. 622-654.
[47] Haner, U-E., Kelter, J., Bauer, W., Rief, S. (2009), "Increasing
Information Worker Productivity through Information Work
Infrastructure", Proceeding EHAWC '09 Proceedings of the
International Conference on Ergonomics and Health Aspects of Work
with Computers: Held as Part of HCI International 2009 pp. 39-48.
[48] Hyrkkänen, U., Nenonen, S., Kojo, I. (2012), "The Virtual Reality of
Work - How to Create a Workplace that Enhances Well-Being for a
Mobile Employee", Virtual Reality and Environments, Dr. Cecília Sík
Lányi (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0579-4, InTech, Available from:
http://www.intechopen.com/books/virtual-reality-and-environments/thevirtual-
reality-of-work-how-to-create-a-workplace-that-enhances-wellbeing-
for-a-mobile-employ pp. 193-204.
[49] Vartiainen, M. (2007), "Analysis of Multilocational and Mobile
Knowledge Workers- Work Spaces", Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, Vol. 4562, pp. 194-203.
[50] Davis, G.B. (2002), "Anytime/Anyplace Computing and the Future of
Knowledge Work", Communications of the ACM, Vol. 45, No. 12, pp.
67-73.
[51] Karr-Wisniewski, P., Lu, Y. (2010), "When more is too much:
Operationalizing technology overload and exploring its impact on
knowledge worker productivity", Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.
26, pp. 1061-1072.
[52] Nenonen, S. (2004), "Analysing the intangible benefits of work space",
Facilities, Vol. 22, No. 9 pp. 233-239
[53] Haapamäki, J., Hakonen, M., Simanainen, K., Vartiainen, M.,
Nieminen, M.P., Virtaharju, J. (2010), "Kohti monipaikkaista virastoa -
Opas hajautuneisuuden vaatimiin muutoksiin", Aalto University School
of Science, BIT Research Centre. Available at:
http://www.vmwork.net/material/movi/MoViopasFINAL.pdf (In
Finnish)
[54] Roper, K.O., Kim, J.H. (2007), "Successful distributed work
arrangements: a developmental approach", Journal of Facilities
Management, Vol. 5, No.2, pp. 103-114.
[55] Halford, S. (2005), "Hybrid workspace: re-spatialisations of work,
organisation and management", New Technology, Work and
Employment, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 19-33.
[56] Perry, M., O-Hara, K., Sellen, A., Brown, B., Harper, R. (2001),
"Dealing with Mobility: Understanding Access Anytime, Anywhere",
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. Vol. 8, No. 4, pp.
323-347.
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@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:64957", author = "Jenna Ruostela and Antti Lönnqvist", title = "Exploring More Productive Ways of Working", abstract = "New ways of working- refers to non-traditional work practices, settings and locations with information and communication technologies (ICT) to supplement or replace traditional ways of working. It questions the contemporary work practices and settings still very much used in knowledge-intensive organizations today. In this study new ways of working is seen to consist of two elements: work environment (incl. physical, virtual and social) and work practices. This study aims to gather the scattered information together and deepen the understanding on new ways of working. Moreover, the objective is to provide some evidence of the unclear productivity impacts of new ways of working using case study approach.
", keywords = "Knowledge work, new ways of working,
productivity, work environment.", volume = "7", number = "1", pages = "270-9", }
