Experimental Investigation of On-Body Channel Modelling at 2.45 GHz
This paper presents the experimental investigation of on-body channel fading at 2.45 GHz considering two effects of the user body movement; stationary and mobile. A pair of body-worn antennas was utilized in this measurement campaign. A statistical analysis was performed by comparing the measured on-body path loss to five well-known distributions; lognormal, normal, Nakagami, Weibull and Rayleigh. The results showed that the average path loss of moving arm varied higher than the path loss in sitting position for upper-arm-to-left-chest link, up to 3.5 dB. The analysis also concluded that the Nakagami distribution provided the best fit for most of on-body static link path loss in standing still and sitting position, while the arm movement can be best described by log-normal distribution.
[1] A. Alomainy et al., "Statistical analysis and performance evaluation for on body radio propagation with microstrip patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 245- 248, 2007.
[2] E. Reusens et al., "Characterization of on-body communication channels and energy efficient topology design for wireless body area networks,” IEEE Trans. on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 933-945, 2009.
[3] H. B. Lim, D. Baumann and E-Ping Li, "A human body model for efficient numerical characterization of UWB signal propagation in wireless body area networks,” IEEE Trans. on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 689-697, 2011.
[4] X. Chen, X. Lu, D. Jin, L. Su and L. Zeng, "Channel modeling of UWB-based wireless body area networks,” in Procs of 2011 IEEE International Conf. on Communications (ICC), June 2011, pp. 1-5.
[5] Q. Wang, T. Tayamachi, I. Kimura and J. Wang, "An on-body channel model for UWB body area communications for various postures,” in IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 991-998, 2009.
[6] G. A. Conway and W. G. Scanlon, "Antennas for over-body-surface communication at 2.45 GHz,” IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 844- 855, 2009.
[7] P. S. Hall and Y. Hao, "Antennas and propagation for body centric communications,” in Procs. of European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Nov. 2006.
[8] S. L. Cotton and W. G. Scanlon, "An experimental investigation into the influence of user state and body area networks at 2.45 GHz,” IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagations, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 6-12, 2009.
[9] Y. I. Nechayev, P. S. Hall, I. Khan, and C. C. Constantinou, "Wireless channels and antennas for body-area networks,” in Procs of 2010 Seventh International Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS), Feb. 2010, pp. 137-144.
[10] A. Michalopoulou, A. A. Alexandridis, K. Peppas, T. Zervos, F. Lazarakis, K. Dangakis, and D. I. Kaklamani, "On-body channel modeling: Measurements and statistical analysis,” in Procs of 2010 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference (LAPC), Nov. 2010, pp. 201-204.
[11] H. A. Rahim, F. Malek, I. Adam, S. Ahmad, N. B. Hashim and P. S. Hall, "Design and Simulation of a Wearable Textile Monopole for Body Centric Wireless Communications,” in PIERS Proceedings, Moscow, Russia, Aug 2012, pp. 1381-1384.
[12] H. A. Rahim, F. Malek, N. Hisham and M. F. A. Malek, "Statistical analysis of on-body radio propagation channel for body-centric wireless communications,” in PIERS Proceedings, Stockholm, Sweden, Aug. 2013, pp. 374-378.
[13] Q. H. Abbasi, A. Sani, A. Alomainy and Y. Hao, "Experimental characterization and statistical analysis of the pseudo-dynamic ultrawideband on-body radio channel,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 748-751, 2011.
[14] A. Fort, C. Desset, P. De Doncker, P. Wambacq and L. Van Biesen, "An ultra-wideband body area propagation channel model-from statistics to implementation,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.54, no. 4, pp. 1820-1826, 2006.
[1] A. Alomainy et al., "Statistical analysis and performance evaluation for on body radio propagation with microstrip patch antenna,” IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 245- 248, 2007.
[2] E. Reusens et al., "Characterization of on-body communication channels and energy efficient topology design for wireless body area networks,” IEEE Trans. on Information Technology in Biomedicine, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 933-945, 2009.
[3] H. B. Lim, D. Baumann and E-Ping Li, "A human body model for efficient numerical characterization of UWB signal propagation in wireless body area networks,” IEEE Trans. on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 689-697, 2011.
[4] X. Chen, X. Lu, D. Jin, L. Su and L. Zeng, "Channel modeling of UWB-based wireless body area networks,” in Procs of 2011 IEEE International Conf. on Communications (ICC), June 2011, pp. 1-5.
[5] Q. Wang, T. Tayamachi, I. Kimura and J. Wang, "An on-body channel model for UWB body area communications for various postures,” in IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 991-998, 2009.
[6] G. A. Conway and W. G. Scanlon, "Antennas for over-body-surface communication at 2.45 GHz,” IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 844- 855, 2009.
[7] P. S. Hall and Y. Hao, "Antennas and propagation for body centric communications,” in Procs. of European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Nov. 2006.
[8] S. L. Cotton and W. G. Scanlon, "An experimental investigation into the influence of user state and body area networks at 2.45 GHz,” IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagations, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 6-12, 2009.
[9] Y. I. Nechayev, P. S. Hall, I. Khan, and C. C. Constantinou, "Wireless channels and antennas for body-area networks,” in Procs of 2010 Seventh International Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS), Feb. 2010, pp. 137-144.
[10] A. Michalopoulou, A. A. Alexandridis, K. Peppas, T. Zervos, F. Lazarakis, K. Dangakis, and D. I. Kaklamani, "On-body channel modeling: Measurements and statistical analysis,” in Procs of 2010 Loughborough Antennas and Propagation Conference (LAPC), Nov. 2010, pp. 201-204.
[11] H. A. Rahim, F. Malek, I. Adam, S. Ahmad, N. B. Hashim and P. S. Hall, "Design and Simulation of a Wearable Textile Monopole for Body Centric Wireless Communications,” in PIERS Proceedings, Moscow, Russia, Aug 2012, pp. 1381-1384.
[12] H. A. Rahim, F. Malek, N. Hisham and M. F. A. Malek, "Statistical analysis of on-body radio propagation channel for body-centric wireless communications,” in PIERS Proceedings, Stockholm, Sweden, Aug. 2013, pp. 374-378.
[13] Q. H. Abbasi, A. Sani, A. Alomainy and Y. Hao, "Experimental characterization and statistical analysis of the pseudo-dynamic ultrawideband on-body radio channel,” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 10, pp. 748-751, 2011.
[14] A. Fort, C. Desset, P. De Doncker, P. Wambacq and L. Van Biesen, "An ultra-wideband body area propagation channel model-from statistics to implementation,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol.54, no. 4, pp. 1820-1826, 2006.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:65764", author = "Hasliza A. Rahim and Fareq Malek and Nur A. M. Affendi and Azuwa Ali and Norshafinash Saudin and Latifah Mohamed", title = "Experimental Investigation of On-Body Channel Modelling at 2.45 GHz", abstract = "This paper presents the experimental investigation of on-body channel fading at 2.45 GHz considering two effects of the user body movement; stationary and mobile. A pair of body-worn antennas was utilized in this measurement campaign. A statistical analysis was performed by comparing the measured on-body path loss to five well-known distributions; lognormal, normal, Nakagami, Weibull and Rayleigh. The results showed that the average path loss of moving arm varied higher than the path loss in sitting position for upper-arm-to-left-chest link, up to 3.5 dB. The analysis also concluded that the Nakagami distribution provided the best fit for most of on-body static link path loss in standing still and sitting position, while the arm movement can be best described by log-normal distribution.
", keywords = "On-Body channel communications, fading characteristics, statistical model.", volume = "7", number = "12", pages = "1634-4", }
