Evaluation of Urban Development Proposals An ANP Approach
In this paper a new approach to prioritize urban planning projects in an efficient and reliable way is presented. It is based on environmental pressure indices and multicriteria decision methods. The paper introduces a rigorous method with acceptable complexity of rank ordering urban development proposals according to their environmental pressure. The technique combines the use of Environmental Pressure Indicators, the aggregation of indicators in an Environmental Pressure Index by means of the Analytic Network Process method and interpreting the information obtained from the experts during the decision-making process. The ANP method allows the aggregation of the experts- judgments on each of the indicators into one Environmental Pressure Index. In addition, ANP is based on utility ratio functions which are the most appropriate for the analysis of uncertain data, like experts- estimations. Finally, unlike the other multicriteria techniques, ANP allows the decision problem to be modelled using the relationships among dependent criteria. The method has been applied to the proposal for urban development of La Carlota airport in Caracas (Venezuela). The Venezuelan Government would like to see a recreational project develop on the abandoned area and mean a significant improvement for the capital. There are currently three options on their table which are currently under evaluation. They include a Health Club, a Residential area and a Theme Park. The participating experts coincided in the appreciation that the method proposed in this paper is useful and an improvement from traditional techniques such as environmental impact studies, lifecycle analysis, etc. They find the results obtained coherent, the process seems sufficiently rigorous and precise, and the use of resources is significantly less than in other methods.
[1] Cloquell-Ballester, V., Monterde-Diaz R., Cloquell-Ballester
V.,Santamarina-Siurana M., Systematic comparative and sensitivity
analyses of additive and outranking techniques for supporting impact
significance assessments. Environmental Impact Assessment Review.
Volume 27. Issue 1. January 2007. Pages 62-83.
[2] Hasse J. y Lathrop R.. Land Resource Impact Indicators or Urban
Sprawl. Rowan University and Collage Farm Road. United State. 2003
[3] Brilly. M. R. Simon y A. Vidmar. Monitoring The Impact of
Urbanisation on the Glinscica Stream. Physics and Chemistry of the
Earth. Parts A/B/C. Volume 31. Issue 17. 2006.
[4] Chace J. y Walsh J.. Effect on Native Avifauna: A Review. Villanova
University and University of Washingtonl. United State. 2004
[5] Zhang. Y.. Y. Zhifeng y L. Wei. Analyses of urban ecosystem based on
information entropy. Ecological Modelling. Volume 197. Issues 1-2.
August 2006
[6] Zhang. Y.. Y. Zhifeng y Y. Xiangyi. Measurement and evaluation of
interactions in complex urban ecosystem. Ecological Modelling. Volume
196. Issues 1-2. 10 July 2006
[7] Brown A.L.. Increasing the utility of urban environmental quality
information. Landscape and Urban Planning 65 (2003) 85-93
[8] Discoli Carlos A. Urban environmental impact matrices development:
assessment indices incorporation Building and Environment 40 (2005)
915-928
[9] Rojas R.I.. Modelos de evaluaci├│n de impacto ambiental en la
planeaci├│n urbana . Informaci├│n Tecnol├│gica. Volume 9. Issue 5. 1998.
Pages 19-28
[10] Hermann. B.G.; Kroeze. C.; Jawjit. W. Assessing environmental
performance by combining life cycle assessment. multi-criteria analysis
and environmental performance indicators: Journal of Cleaner
Production 15 (2007)18. p. 1787 - 1796.
[11] S├│lnes J.. Enviromental Quality Indexing of Large Industrial
Development Alternatives using AHP. University of Iceland. 2003
[12] Lundin Margareta and Gregory M. Morrison. A life cycle assessment
based procedure for development of environmental sustainability
indicators for urban water systems. Urban Water. Volume 4. Issue 2. .
June 2002. Pages 145-152.
[13] Köne A├ç. B├╝ke T. An Analytical Network Process (ANP) evaluation of
alternative fuels for electricity generation in Turkey. Energy Policy
2007; 35; 5220-5228
[14] Bosch Peter. Martin B├╝chele. David Gee. Edith Smeets and Rob
Weterings. Technical report No 25. Environmental indicators:Typology
and overview. European Environment Agency. ┬®EEA. Copenhagen.
1999
[15] Pinter. L.. Cressman. D.R. & Zahedi. K. (1999). Capacity Building for
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Reporting: Training Manual.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). International Institute
for Sustainable Development (IISD) & Ecologistics International Ltd.
[16] Leskinen P. Comparison of alternative scoring techniques when
assessing decision maker's multi-objective preferences in natural
resource management. Journal of Environmental Management. 2007
October 85(2):363-70.
[17] Garc├¡a-Mel├│n M., Ferr├¡s-O├▒ate J.. Aznar J.. Aragonés-Beltr├ín P..
Poveda-Bautista R. Farmland appraisal: an Analytic Network Process
(ANP) approach. Journal of Global Optimization (in press). DOI
10.1007/s10898-007-9235-0. 2007
[18] Wolfslehner Bernhard. Harald Vacik and Manfred J. Lexer. Application
of the analytic network process in multi-criteria analysis of sustainable
forest management. Forest Ecology and Management. Volume 207.
Issues 1-2. Decision Support in Multi Purpose Forestry. 7 March 2005.
Pages 157-170.
[19] Bojórquez-Tapia Luis A. Sánchez-Colon Salvador. Florez Arturo.
Building consensus in environmental impact assessment through
multicriteria modeling and sensitivity analysis. Environ Manage
2005;36(3):469-81.
[20] Saaty. Th.. The Analytic Hierarchy Process. Planning. Priority Setting.
Resource Allocation.. Pittsburgh: RWS Publcations. 1996.
[21] Saaty. Th.. Decision Making with interdependence and feedback. The
Analytic Network Process: RWS Publications. Pittsburg 2001
[22] Neaupane K.M. and M. Piantanakulchai. Analytic network process
model for landslide hazard zonation. Engineering Geology. Volume 85.
Issues 3-4. . 21 June 2006. Pages 281-294.
[23] Leskinen Pekka and Jyrki Kangas. Multi-criteria natural resource
management with preferentially dependent decision criteria. Journal of
Environmental Management. Volume 77. Issue 3. November 2005.
Pages 244-251.
[24] Belton V. y Stewart T. Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis an Integrated
Approach. Kluwer Academic Publishers. United Kingdom. 2002
[25] Barba-Romero. S.. Pomerol. J.Ch. Decisiones Multicriterio.
Fundamentos Teóricos y Utilización Práctica. Serv. Public. Universidad
de Alcalá de Henares.1997
[26] Ramzan, N., Degenkolbe, S., Werner, W., Evaluating and improving
environmental performance of HC's recovery system: A case study of
distillation unit, Chemical Engineering Journal, 2007, doi
10.1016/j.cej.2007.09.042
[27] RoyB., Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding. The Netherlands:
Kluwer Academic, 1996
[28] Brans, J.P,; Vincke, P.; Mareschal, B. (1986) How to select and how to
rank projects: The PROMETHEE Method. Eur. J. Opl. Res. 24, 228
238.
[29] Beccali M., Cellura M., Mistretta M., Decision-making in energy
planning. Application of the Electre method at regional level for the
diffusion of renewable energy technology. Renew Energy 2003;
28:2063-87
[30] Georgopoulou E., Sarafidis Y., Mirasgedis S, Zaimi S, Lalas DP. A
multicriteria decision-aid approach in defining national priorities for
greenhouse emissions reduction in the energy sector. European Jouranl
of Operational Research, 2003, 146, 199-215
[31] Keeney Raiffa Keeney R.L., Raiffa H., Decisions with multiple
objectives: preferences and value tradeoffs, Wiley, New York, 1976
[32] Cheng EWL. Li H. Analytic network process applied to project
selection. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 2005;
131; 459-466.
[33] Wey WM. Wu KY. Using ANP priorities with goal programming in
resource allocation in transportation. Mathematical and Computer
Modelling 2007; 46; 985-1000.
[34] Erdo─ƒmu┼ƒ ┼×. Aras H. Ko├º E. Evaluation of alternative fuels for
residential heating in Turkey using analytic network process (ANP) with
group decision-making. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
2006; 10; 269-279.
[35] Partovi FY. Corredoira RA. Quality function deployment for the good of
soccer. European Journal of Operational Research 2002; 137; 642-656.
[36] Raisinghani. H.S.. Meade. L.. Schkade. L. Strategic e-business decision
analysis using Analytic Network Process. IEEE transactions on
Engineering Management 2007. 54 (4); 673-686.
[37] Aragonés-Beltr├ín P.. Aznar J.. Ferr├¡s-O├▒ate J.. Garc├¡a-Mel├│n M.
Valuation of urban industrial land: an Analytic Network Process
approach. European Journal of Operational Research 2008; 185-1; 322-
339
[38] Haktan─▒rlar B. Determination of the appropriate energy policy for
Turkey. Energy 2005; 30; 1146-1161.
[39] Niemira MP. Saaty TL. An Analytic Network Process model for
financial-crisis forecasting. International Journal of Forecasting 2004;
20; 573-587.
[40] Garc├¡a Mel├│n, M. Aragonés Beltr├ín, P. Gonz├ílez-Cruz, M. An AHPbased
evaluation procedure for Innovative Educational Projects: A faceto-
face vs. computer-mediated case study, Omega,36, 5, 2008, 754-765
[1] Cloquell-Ballester, V., Monterde-Diaz R., Cloquell-Ballester
V.,Santamarina-Siurana M., Systematic comparative and sensitivity
analyses of additive and outranking techniques for supporting impact
significance assessments. Environmental Impact Assessment Review.
Volume 27. Issue 1. January 2007. Pages 62-83.
[2] Hasse J. y Lathrop R.. Land Resource Impact Indicators or Urban
Sprawl. Rowan University and Collage Farm Road. United State. 2003
[3] Brilly. M. R. Simon y A. Vidmar. Monitoring The Impact of
Urbanisation on the Glinscica Stream. Physics and Chemistry of the
Earth. Parts A/B/C. Volume 31. Issue 17. 2006.
[4] Chace J. y Walsh J.. Effect on Native Avifauna: A Review. Villanova
University and University of Washingtonl. United State. 2004
[5] Zhang. Y.. Y. Zhifeng y L. Wei. Analyses of urban ecosystem based on
information entropy. Ecological Modelling. Volume 197. Issues 1-2.
August 2006
[6] Zhang. Y.. Y. Zhifeng y Y. Xiangyi. Measurement and evaluation of
interactions in complex urban ecosystem. Ecological Modelling. Volume
196. Issues 1-2. 10 July 2006
[7] Brown A.L.. Increasing the utility of urban environmental quality
information. Landscape and Urban Planning 65 (2003) 85-93
[8] Discoli Carlos A. Urban environmental impact matrices development:
assessment indices incorporation Building and Environment 40 (2005)
915-928
[9] Rojas R.I.. Modelos de evaluaci├│n de impacto ambiental en la
planeaci├│n urbana . Informaci├│n Tecnol├│gica. Volume 9. Issue 5. 1998.
Pages 19-28
[10] Hermann. B.G.; Kroeze. C.; Jawjit. W. Assessing environmental
performance by combining life cycle assessment. multi-criteria analysis
and environmental performance indicators: Journal of Cleaner
Production 15 (2007)18. p. 1787 - 1796.
[11] S├│lnes J.. Enviromental Quality Indexing of Large Industrial
Development Alternatives using AHP. University of Iceland. 2003
[12] Lundin Margareta and Gregory M. Morrison. A life cycle assessment
based procedure for development of environmental sustainability
indicators for urban water systems. Urban Water. Volume 4. Issue 2. .
June 2002. Pages 145-152.
[13] Köne A├ç. B├╝ke T. An Analytical Network Process (ANP) evaluation of
alternative fuels for electricity generation in Turkey. Energy Policy
2007; 35; 5220-5228
[14] Bosch Peter. Martin B├╝chele. David Gee. Edith Smeets and Rob
Weterings. Technical report No 25. Environmental indicators:Typology
and overview. European Environment Agency. ┬®EEA. Copenhagen.
1999
[15] Pinter. L.. Cressman. D.R. & Zahedi. K. (1999). Capacity Building for
Integrated Environmental Assessment and Reporting: Training Manual.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). International Institute
for Sustainable Development (IISD) & Ecologistics International Ltd.
[16] Leskinen P. Comparison of alternative scoring techniques when
assessing decision maker's multi-objective preferences in natural
resource management. Journal of Environmental Management. 2007
October 85(2):363-70.
[17] Garc├¡a-Mel├│n M., Ferr├¡s-O├▒ate J.. Aznar J.. Aragonés-Beltr├ín P..
Poveda-Bautista R. Farmland appraisal: an Analytic Network Process
(ANP) approach. Journal of Global Optimization (in press). DOI
10.1007/s10898-007-9235-0. 2007
[18] Wolfslehner Bernhard. Harald Vacik and Manfred J. Lexer. Application
of the analytic network process in multi-criteria analysis of sustainable
forest management. Forest Ecology and Management. Volume 207.
Issues 1-2. Decision Support in Multi Purpose Forestry. 7 March 2005.
Pages 157-170.
[19] Bojórquez-Tapia Luis A. Sánchez-Colon Salvador. Florez Arturo.
Building consensus in environmental impact assessment through
multicriteria modeling and sensitivity analysis. Environ Manage
2005;36(3):469-81.
[20] Saaty. Th.. The Analytic Hierarchy Process. Planning. Priority Setting.
Resource Allocation.. Pittsburgh: RWS Publcations. 1996.
[21] Saaty. Th.. Decision Making with interdependence and feedback. The
Analytic Network Process: RWS Publications. Pittsburg 2001
[22] Neaupane K.M. and M. Piantanakulchai. Analytic network process
model for landslide hazard zonation. Engineering Geology. Volume 85.
Issues 3-4. . 21 June 2006. Pages 281-294.
[23] Leskinen Pekka and Jyrki Kangas. Multi-criteria natural resource
management with preferentially dependent decision criteria. Journal of
Environmental Management. Volume 77. Issue 3. November 2005.
Pages 244-251.
[24] Belton V. y Stewart T. Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis an Integrated
Approach. Kluwer Academic Publishers. United Kingdom. 2002
[25] Barba-Romero. S.. Pomerol. J.Ch. Decisiones Multicriterio.
Fundamentos Teóricos y Utilización Práctica. Serv. Public. Universidad
de Alcalá de Henares.1997
[26] Ramzan, N., Degenkolbe, S., Werner, W., Evaluating and improving
environmental performance of HC's recovery system: A case study of
distillation unit, Chemical Engineering Journal, 2007, doi
10.1016/j.cej.2007.09.042
[27] RoyB., Multicriteria methodology for decision aiding. The Netherlands:
Kluwer Academic, 1996
[28] Brans, J.P,; Vincke, P.; Mareschal, B. (1986) How to select and how to
rank projects: The PROMETHEE Method. Eur. J. Opl. Res. 24, 228
238.
[29] Beccali M., Cellura M., Mistretta M., Decision-making in energy
planning. Application of the Electre method at regional level for the
diffusion of renewable energy technology. Renew Energy 2003;
28:2063-87
[30] Georgopoulou E., Sarafidis Y., Mirasgedis S, Zaimi S, Lalas DP. A
multicriteria decision-aid approach in defining national priorities for
greenhouse emissions reduction in the energy sector. European Jouranl
of Operational Research, 2003, 146, 199-215
[31] Keeney Raiffa Keeney R.L., Raiffa H., Decisions with multiple
objectives: preferences and value tradeoffs, Wiley, New York, 1976
[32] Cheng EWL. Li H. Analytic network process applied to project
selection. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 2005;
131; 459-466.
[33] Wey WM. Wu KY. Using ANP priorities with goal programming in
resource allocation in transportation. Mathematical and Computer
Modelling 2007; 46; 985-1000.
[34] Erdo─ƒmu┼ƒ ┼×. Aras H. Ko├º E. Evaluation of alternative fuels for
residential heating in Turkey using analytic network process (ANP) with
group decision-making. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
2006; 10; 269-279.
[35] Partovi FY. Corredoira RA. Quality function deployment for the good of
soccer. European Journal of Operational Research 2002; 137; 642-656.
[36] Raisinghani. H.S.. Meade. L.. Schkade. L. Strategic e-business decision
analysis using Analytic Network Process. IEEE transactions on
Engineering Management 2007. 54 (4); 673-686.
[37] Aragonés-Beltr├ín P.. Aznar J.. Ferr├¡s-O├▒ate J.. Garc├¡a-Mel├│n M.
Valuation of urban industrial land: an Analytic Network Process
approach. European Journal of Operational Research 2008; 185-1; 322-
339
[38] Haktan─▒rlar B. Determination of the appropriate energy policy for
Turkey. Energy 2005; 30; 1146-1161.
[39] Niemira MP. Saaty TL. An Analytic Network Process model for
financial-crisis forecasting. International Journal of Forecasting 2004;
20; 573-587.
[40] Garc├¡a Mel├│n, M. Aragonés Beltr├ín, P. Gonz├ílez-Cruz, M. An AHPbased
evaluation procedure for Innovative Educational Projects: A faceto-
face vs. computer-mediated case study, Omega,36, 5, 2008, 754-765
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:59961", author = "T. Gómez-Navarro and M. García-Melón and D. Díaz-Martín and S. Acuna-Dutra and ", title = "Evaluation of Urban Development Proposals An ANP Approach", abstract = "In this paper a new approach to prioritize urban planning projects in an efficient and reliable way is presented. It is based on environmental pressure indices and multicriteria decision methods. The paper introduces a rigorous method with acceptable complexity of rank ordering urban development proposals according to their environmental pressure. The technique combines the use of Environmental Pressure Indicators, the aggregation of indicators in an Environmental Pressure Index by means of the Analytic Network Process method and interpreting the information obtained from the experts during the decision-making process. The ANP method allows the aggregation of the experts- judgments on each of the indicators into one Environmental Pressure Index. In addition, ANP is based on utility ratio functions which are the most appropriate for the analysis of uncertain data, like experts- estimations. Finally, unlike the other multicriteria techniques, ANP allows the decision problem to be modelled using the relationships among dependent criteria. The method has been applied to the proposal for urban development of La Carlota airport in Caracas (Venezuela). The Venezuelan Government would like to see a recreational project develop on the abandoned area and mean a significant improvement for the capital. There are currently three options on their table which are currently under evaluation. They include a Health Club, a Residential area and a Theme Park. The participating experts coincided in the appreciation that the method proposed in this paper is useful and an improvement from traditional techniques such as environmental impact studies, lifecycle analysis, etc. They find the results obtained coherent, the process seems sufficiently rigorous and precise, and the use of resources is significantly less than in other methods.
", keywords = "Environmental pressure indicators, multicriteria decision analysis, analytic network process.", volume = "2", number = "8", pages = "188-11", }
