Entomological Origin of Honey Discriminated by NMR Chloroform Extracts in Ecuadorian Honey
Honeys are produced by Apis mellifera and stingless
bees (Meliponini) in Ecuador. We studied honey produced in
beeswax combs by Apis mellifera, and honey produced in pots by
Geotrigona and Scaptotrigona bees. Chloroform extracts of honey
were obtained for fast NMR spectra. The 1D spectra were acquired at
298 K, with a 600 MHz NMR Bruker instrument, using a modified
double pulsed field gradient spin echoes (DPFGSE) sequence.
Signals of 1H NMR spectra were integrated and used as inputs for
PCA, PLS-DA analysis, and labelled sets of classes were successfully
identified, enhancing the separation between the three groups of
honey according to the entomological origin: A. mellifera,
Geotrigona and Scaptotrigona. This procedure is therefore
recommended for authenticity test of honey in Ecuador.
[1] Michener, C.D. The Bees of the World. 2nd. Baltimore, USA: Ed.The
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007, 992 pp.
[2] Michener, C.D. “The Meliponini,” in Pot-honey: A legacy of stingless
bees. Vit. P.; Pedro, S.R.M.; Roubik, D., Eds. New York: Springer,
2013, pp. 3-17
[3] Schwarz, H. Stingless bees (Meliponidae) of the Western Hemisphere.
Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1948, 90, 1-546.
[4] Fijn, N. Sugarbag Dreaming: the significance of bees to Yolngu in
Arnhem Land, Australia. H U MaN I M A L I A 2014, 6, 1-21.
[5] Jaffé, R.; Pope, N.; Torres Carvalho, A.; Madureira Maia, U.; Betina
Blochtein, B.; Carvalho, C.A.L.; Carvalho-Zilse, G.A.; Magalhães
Freitas, B.M.; Menezes, C.; Ribeiro, M.F.; Venturieri, G.C.; Imperatriz-
Fonseca V.L. Bees for Development: Brazilian Survey Reveals How to
optimize stingless beekeeping. PLoS One. 2015; 10(3): e0121157.
Published online 2015 Mar 31.doi: 10.137.
[6] Villanueva-Gutiérrez, R.; Roubik, D.W.; Colli-Ucán1, W.; Güemez-
Ricalde, F.J.; Buchmann, S.L. A Critical View of Colony Losses in
Managed Mayan Honey-Making Bees (Apidae: Meliponini) in the Heart
of Zona Maya. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc., 2013, 86, 352-362. doi:
10.2317.
[7] Vit, P. La miel precolombina de abejas sin aguijón (Meliponini) aún no
tiene normas de calidad. Rev. Bol. Centro Investigaciones Biológicas,
2008, 42, 415-423.
[8] Instituto Colombiano de ormas Técnicas y Certificación. ICONTEC.
NTC 1273. Norma Técnica Colombiana de Miel de Abejas. Bogotá:
ICONTEC, 2007. pp. 1-21.
[9] Codex Alimentarius Commission. CODEX STAN 12. Norma para la
Miel. Norma adoptada en 1981. Revisiones en 1987 y 2001. Roma:
FAO, 1981, pp. 1-8.
[10] Vit, P., Fernández-Maeso, M.C., Ortiz-Valbuena, A. Potential use of the
three frequently occurring sugars in honey to predict stingless bee
entomological origin. J. Applied Entomol. 1997, 122, 5-8.
[11] Vit, P., Persano Oddo, L., Marano, M.L., Salas de Mejías, E.
Venezuelan stingless bee honeys characterised by multivariate analysis
of compositional factors. Apidologie, 1998, 29, 377-389.
[12] Vit, P., Deliza, R., Pérez, A. How a Huottuja (Piaroa) community
perceives genuine and false honey from the Venezuelan Amazon, by
free-choice profile sensory method. Rev. Bras. de Farmacogn., 2011, 21,
786-792.
[13] Schievano, E.; Mammi, S.; Menegazzo, I. “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
as a method for prediction of geographical and entomological origin of
pot honey”. in Pot-honey: A legacy of stingless bees. Vit. P.; Pedro,
S.R.M.; Roubik, D., Eds. New York: Springer, 2013, pp. 429-445.
[14] Truchado, P., Vit, P., Ferreres, F., Tomás-Barberán, F. Liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis allows the
simultaneous characterization of C-glycosyl and O-glycosyl flavonoids
in stingless bee honeys. J. Chromatogr. A, 2011, 1218, 7601-7607.
[15] Truchado, P., Vit, P., Heard, T., Tomás-Barberán, F.A., Ferreres, F.
Determination of interglycosidic linkages in O-glycosil flavones by high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode-array detection
coupled to electrospray ionization ion trap mass. Its application to
Tetragonula carbonaria honey from Australia. Rapid Commun. Mass
Spectrom., 2015, 29, 948-954.
[16] Ramón-Sierra, J.M., Ruiz-Ruiz, J.C., Ortiz-Vázquez, E.L.
Electrophoresis characterisation of protein as a method to establish the
entomological origi of stingless bee honeys. Food Chem. 2015, 183, 43-
48.
[17] Alves, R.M.O. “Production and marketing of pot-honey”. in Pot-honey:
A legacy of stingless bees. Vit. P.; Pedro, S.R.M.; Roubik, D., Eds. New
York: Springer, 2013, pp. 541/556.
[18] Easter Strayer, S., Everstine, K., Kennedy, S. Economically Motivated
Adulteration of Honey: Quality Control Vulnerabilities in the
International Honey Market. FPT 2014, 34, 8-14.
[19] Rastrelli, F.; Schievano, E.; Bagno, A.; Mammi, S. NMR quantification
of trace components in complex matrices by band-selective excitation
with adiabatic pulses. Magn. Reson. Chem. 2009, 47, 868-872.
[20] Eriksson, L.; Johansson, E.; Kettaneh-Wold, N.; Trygg, J.; Wikström,
C.; Wold, S.;. Umetrics, A.B.; Umeå, Sweden. 2006. 425 pp.
[21] Spiteri, M.; Jamin, E.; Thomas, F.; Rebours, A.; Lees, M.; Rogers, K.M;
Rutledge, D.N. Fast and global authenticity screening on honey using
1H-NMR profiling. Food Chem., 2014 doi:10.1016 (in press).
[22] Schievano, E.; Stocchero, M.; Morelato, E.; Facchin, C.; Mammi, S. An
NMR-based metabolomic approach to identify the botanical origin of
honey. Metabolomics, 2012, 8, 679–690.
[23] Ohmenhaeuser, M.; Monakhova, Y.B.; Kuballa, T; Lachenmeier, D.W.
Qualitative and quantitative control of honeys using NMR spectroscopy
chemometrics. Anal. Chem. 2013, article ID 825318, 1-9 pp.
doi:10.1155.
[24] Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización. Norma Miel de Abejas.
Requisitos. NTE INEN 1572. Quito: INEN, 1988.
[25] Ramírez, J.A.; Ureña, J.; Camacho, A. Las abejas sin aguijón de la
Región Sur del Ecuador. Loja, Ecuador: Consejo Nacional de Educación
Superior, 2013, 85 pp.
[26] Rose, D. An Indigenous philosophical ecology: Situating the human.
TAJA, 2009, 16, 294-305.
[1] Michener, C.D. The Bees of the World. 2nd. Baltimore, USA: Ed.The
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007, 992 pp.
[2] Michener, C.D. “The Meliponini,” in Pot-honey: A legacy of stingless
bees. Vit. P.; Pedro, S.R.M.; Roubik, D., Eds. New York: Springer,
2013, pp. 3-17
[3] Schwarz, H. Stingless bees (Meliponidae) of the Western Hemisphere.
Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 1948, 90, 1-546.
[4] Fijn, N. Sugarbag Dreaming: the significance of bees to Yolngu in
Arnhem Land, Australia. H U MaN I M A L I A 2014, 6, 1-21.
[5] Jaffé, R.; Pope, N.; Torres Carvalho, A.; Madureira Maia, U.; Betina
Blochtein, B.; Carvalho, C.A.L.; Carvalho-Zilse, G.A.; Magalhães
Freitas, B.M.; Menezes, C.; Ribeiro, M.F.; Venturieri, G.C.; Imperatriz-
Fonseca V.L. Bees for Development: Brazilian Survey Reveals How to
optimize stingless beekeeping. PLoS One. 2015; 10(3): e0121157.
Published online 2015 Mar 31.doi: 10.137.
[6] Villanueva-Gutiérrez, R.; Roubik, D.W.; Colli-Ucán1, W.; Güemez-
Ricalde, F.J.; Buchmann, S.L. A Critical View of Colony Losses in
Managed Mayan Honey-Making Bees (Apidae: Meliponini) in the Heart
of Zona Maya. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc., 2013, 86, 352-362. doi:
10.2317.
[7] Vit, P. La miel precolombina de abejas sin aguijón (Meliponini) aún no
tiene normas de calidad. Rev. Bol. Centro Investigaciones Biológicas,
2008, 42, 415-423.
[8] Instituto Colombiano de ormas Técnicas y Certificación. ICONTEC.
NTC 1273. Norma Técnica Colombiana de Miel de Abejas. Bogotá:
ICONTEC, 2007. pp. 1-21.
[9] Codex Alimentarius Commission. CODEX STAN 12. Norma para la
Miel. Norma adoptada en 1981. Revisiones en 1987 y 2001. Roma:
FAO, 1981, pp. 1-8.
[10] Vit, P., Fernández-Maeso, M.C., Ortiz-Valbuena, A. Potential use of the
three frequently occurring sugars in honey to predict stingless bee
entomological origin. J. Applied Entomol. 1997, 122, 5-8.
[11] Vit, P., Persano Oddo, L., Marano, M.L., Salas de Mejías, E.
Venezuelan stingless bee honeys characterised by multivariate analysis
of compositional factors. Apidologie, 1998, 29, 377-389.
[12] Vit, P., Deliza, R., Pérez, A. How a Huottuja (Piaroa) community
perceives genuine and false honey from the Venezuelan Amazon, by
free-choice profile sensory method. Rev. Bras. de Farmacogn., 2011, 21,
786-792.
[13] Schievano, E.; Mammi, S.; Menegazzo, I. “Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
as a method for prediction of geographical and entomological origin of
pot honey”. in Pot-honey: A legacy of stingless bees. Vit. P.; Pedro,
S.R.M.; Roubik, D., Eds. New York: Springer, 2013, pp. 429-445.
[14] Truchado, P., Vit, P., Ferreres, F., Tomás-Barberán, F. Liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis allows the
simultaneous characterization of C-glycosyl and O-glycosyl flavonoids
in stingless bee honeys. J. Chromatogr. A, 2011, 1218, 7601-7607.
[15] Truchado, P., Vit, P., Heard, T., Tomás-Barberán, F.A., Ferreres, F.
Determination of interglycosidic linkages in O-glycosil flavones by high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode-array detection
coupled to electrospray ionization ion trap mass. Its application to
Tetragonula carbonaria honey from Australia. Rapid Commun. Mass
Spectrom., 2015, 29, 948-954.
[16] Ramón-Sierra, J.M., Ruiz-Ruiz, J.C., Ortiz-Vázquez, E.L.
Electrophoresis characterisation of protein as a method to establish the
entomological origi of stingless bee honeys. Food Chem. 2015, 183, 43-
48.
[17] Alves, R.M.O. “Production and marketing of pot-honey”. in Pot-honey:
A legacy of stingless bees. Vit. P.; Pedro, S.R.M.; Roubik, D., Eds. New
York: Springer, 2013, pp. 541/556.
[18] Easter Strayer, S., Everstine, K., Kennedy, S. Economically Motivated
Adulteration of Honey: Quality Control Vulnerabilities in the
International Honey Market. FPT 2014, 34, 8-14.
[19] Rastrelli, F.; Schievano, E.; Bagno, A.; Mammi, S. NMR quantification
of trace components in complex matrices by band-selective excitation
with adiabatic pulses. Magn. Reson. Chem. 2009, 47, 868-872.
[20] Eriksson, L.; Johansson, E.; Kettaneh-Wold, N.; Trygg, J.; Wikström,
C.; Wold, S.;. Umetrics, A.B.; Umeå, Sweden. 2006. 425 pp.
[21] Spiteri, M.; Jamin, E.; Thomas, F.; Rebours, A.; Lees, M.; Rogers, K.M;
Rutledge, D.N. Fast and global authenticity screening on honey using
1H-NMR profiling. Food Chem., 2014 doi:10.1016 (in press).
[22] Schievano, E.; Stocchero, M.; Morelato, E.; Facchin, C.; Mammi, S. An
NMR-based metabolomic approach to identify the botanical origin of
honey. Metabolomics, 2012, 8, 679–690.
[23] Ohmenhaeuser, M.; Monakhova, Y.B.; Kuballa, T; Lachenmeier, D.W.
Qualitative and quantitative control of honeys using NMR spectroscopy
chemometrics. Anal. Chem. 2013, article ID 825318, 1-9 pp.
doi:10.1155.
[24] Instituto Ecuatoriano de Normalización. Norma Miel de Abejas.
Requisitos. NTE INEN 1572. Quito: INEN, 1988.
[25] Ramírez, J.A.; Ureña, J.; Camacho, A. Las abejas sin aguijón de la
Región Sur del Ecuador. Loja, Ecuador: Consejo Nacional de Educación
Superior, 2013, 85 pp.
[26] Rose, D. An Indigenous philosophical ecology: Situating the human.
TAJA, 2009, 16, 294-305.
@article{"International Journal of Biological, Life and Agricultural Sciences:69794", author = "P. Vit and J. Uddin and V. Zuccato and F. Maza and E. Schievano", title = "Entomological Origin of Honey Discriminated by NMR Chloroform Extracts in Ecuadorian Honey", abstract = "Honeys are produced by Apis mellifera and stingless
bees (Meliponini) in Ecuador. We studied honey produced in
beeswax combs by Apis mellifera, and honey produced in pots by
Geotrigona and Scaptotrigona bees. Chloroform extracts of honey
were obtained for fast NMR spectra. The 1D spectra were acquired at
298 K, with a 600 MHz NMR Bruker instrument, using a modified
double pulsed field gradient spin echoes (DPFGSE) sequence.
Signals of 1H NMR spectra were integrated and used as inputs for
PCA, PLS-DA analysis, and labelled sets of classes were successfully
identified, enhancing the separation between the three groups of
honey according to the entomological origin: A. mellifera,
Geotrigona and Scaptotrigona. This procedure is therefore
recommended for authenticity test of honey in Ecuador.
", keywords = "Apis mellifera, honey, 1H NMR, entomological
origin, Meliponini.", volume = "9", number = "5", pages = "494-4", }
