Energy Efficient and Reliable Geographic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
The wireless link can be unreliable in realistic wireless
sensor networks (WSNs). Energy efficient and reliable data
forwarding is important because each node has limited resources.
Therefore, we must suggest an optimal solution that considers using
the information of the node-s characteristics. Previous routing
protocols were unsuited to realistic asymmetric WSNs. In this paper,
we propose a Protocol that considers Both sides of Link-quality and
Energy (PBLE), an optimal routing protocol that balances modified
link-quality, distance and energy. Additionally, we propose a node
scheduling method. PBLE achieves a longer lifetime than previous
routing protocols and is more energy-efficient. PBLE uses energy,
local information and both sides of PRR in a 1-hop distance. We
explain how to send data packets to the destination node using the
node's information. Simulation shows PBLE improves delivery rate
and network lifetime compared to previous schemes. Moreover, we
show the improvement in various WSN environments.
[1] D. C. Streere, A. Baptista, D. McNamee, C. Pu, and J. Walpole, "Research
Challenges in Environmental Observation and Forecasting Systems," in
Proc. of 6th Int. Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking, Boston,
2000, p.299.
[2] L. Schwiebert, S. K. S. Gupta, and J. Weinmann, "Research Challenges in
Wireless Networks of Biomedical Sensors," in Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on
Mobile Computing and Networking, Rome, 2001, pp.151-165.
[3] I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, "Wireless
Sensor Networks: A Survey," Computer Networks, vol.38, no.4, pp.
393-422, 2002.
[4] J. Zhao, and R. Govindan, "Understanding Packet Delivery Performance
in Dense Wireless Sensor Networks," in Proc. 1st Int. Conf. on Embedded
Networked Sensor Systems, Los Angeles, 2003, pp.1-13.
[5] D. Ganesan, B. Krishnamachari, A. Woo, D. Culler, D. Estrin, and S.
Wicker, "Complex behavior at scale: An experimental study of
low-power wireless sensor networks," Technical Report, vol. 02, no.13,
2002.
[6] D.S.J. De Couto, D. Aguayo, J. Bicket, and R. Morris, "A
High-Throughput Path Metric for Multi-Hop Wireless Routing," Wireless
Networks, vol.11, issue.4, pp.419-434, 2005.
[7] J. Kamimura, N. Wakamiya, and M. Murata, "Energy-Efficient Clustering
Method for Data Gathering in Sensor Networks," IEIC Technical Report,
vol.103, no.691, pp.31-36, 2004.
[8] B. Karp and H.T. Kung, "GPSR: Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for
Wireless Networks," in Proc. of 6th Int. Conf. on Mobile Computing and
Networking, Boston, 2000, pp.243-254.
[9] K. Seada, M. Zuniga, A. Helmy, and B. Krishnamachari,
"Energy-Efficient Forwarding Strategies for Geographic Routing in
Lossy Wireless Sensor Networks," in Proc. of 2nd Int. Conf. on
Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Baltimore, 2004, pp.108-121.
[10] M. Zamalloa, K. Seada, B. Krishnamachari, and A. Helmy, "Efficient
Geographic Routing over Lossy Links in Wireless Sensor Networks,"
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, vol.4, no.3, 2008.
[11] E. Park, D. Bae, and H. Choo, "Energy Efficient Geographic Routing for
Prolonging Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks," in Proc. of
Int. Conf. on Computational Science and Its Applications, Fukuoka, 2010,
pp.285-288.
[12] A. Woo, T. Tong, and D. Culler, "Taming the Underlying Issues for
Reliable Multihop Routing in Sensor Networks," in Proc. of 1st Int. Conf.
on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Los Angeles, 2003, pp.14-27.
[13] V. Shnayder, M. Hempstead, B. Chen, G. W. Allen, and M. Welsh,
"Simulating the Power Consumption of Large-Scale Sensor Network
Applications," in Proc. of 2nd Int. Conf. on Embedded Networked Sensor
Systems, Baltimore, 2004, pp.188-200.
[14] M. Zuniga, and B. Krishnamachari, "Analyzing the Transitional Region
in Low Power Wireless Links," in Proc. of IEEE Int. Conf. on Sensors and
Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, Santa Clara, 2004, pp.517-526.
[15] M. Z. Zamalloa, and B. Krishnamachari, "An Analysis of Unreliability
and Asymmetry in Low-power Wireless Links," ACM Transactions on
Sensor Networks, vol.6, no.2, 2007.
[16] CC1000 Data Sheet. Texas Instruments Incorporated: Dallas, TX, USA,
2007.
[17] M. Mamun, T. Hasan-AI-Mahmud, S. Debnath, and M. Islam, "Analyzing
the Low Power Wireless Links for Wireless Sensor Networks," Journal of
Telecommunications, vol.1, issue.1, pp.123-127, 2010.
[18] B. Leong, S. Mitra, and B. Liskov, "Path Vector Face Routing:
Geographic Routing with Local Face Information," in 13th Proc. of IEEE
Int. Conf. on Network Protocols, Boston, 2005, pp.147-158.
[1] D. C. Streere, A. Baptista, D. McNamee, C. Pu, and J. Walpole, "Research
Challenges in Environmental Observation and Forecasting Systems," in
Proc. of 6th Int. Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking, Boston,
2000, p.299.
[2] L. Schwiebert, S. K. S. Gupta, and J. Weinmann, "Research Challenges in
Wireless Networks of Biomedical Sensors," in Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on
Mobile Computing and Networking, Rome, 2001, pp.151-165.
[3] I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, "Wireless
Sensor Networks: A Survey," Computer Networks, vol.38, no.4, pp.
393-422, 2002.
[4] J. Zhao, and R. Govindan, "Understanding Packet Delivery Performance
in Dense Wireless Sensor Networks," in Proc. 1st Int. Conf. on Embedded
Networked Sensor Systems, Los Angeles, 2003, pp.1-13.
[5] D. Ganesan, B. Krishnamachari, A. Woo, D. Culler, D. Estrin, and S.
Wicker, "Complex behavior at scale: An experimental study of
low-power wireless sensor networks," Technical Report, vol. 02, no.13,
2002.
[6] D.S.J. De Couto, D. Aguayo, J. Bicket, and R. Morris, "A
High-Throughput Path Metric for Multi-Hop Wireless Routing," Wireless
Networks, vol.11, issue.4, pp.419-434, 2005.
[7] J. Kamimura, N. Wakamiya, and M. Murata, "Energy-Efficient Clustering
Method for Data Gathering in Sensor Networks," IEIC Technical Report,
vol.103, no.691, pp.31-36, 2004.
[8] B. Karp and H.T. Kung, "GPSR: Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for
Wireless Networks," in Proc. of 6th Int. Conf. on Mobile Computing and
Networking, Boston, 2000, pp.243-254.
[9] K. Seada, M. Zuniga, A. Helmy, and B. Krishnamachari,
"Energy-Efficient Forwarding Strategies for Geographic Routing in
Lossy Wireless Sensor Networks," in Proc. of 2nd Int. Conf. on
Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Baltimore, 2004, pp.108-121.
[10] M. Zamalloa, K. Seada, B. Krishnamachari, and A. Helmy, "Efficient
Geographic Routing over Lossy Links in Wireless Sensor Networks,"
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks, vol.4, no.3, 2008.
[11] E. Park, D. Bae, and H. Choo, "Energy Efficient Geographic Routing for
Prolonging Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks," in Proc. of
Int. Conf. on Computational Science and Its Applications, Fukuoka, 2010,
pp.285-288.
[12] A. Woo, T. Tong, and D. Culler, "Taming the Underlying Issues for
Reliable Multihop Routing in Sensor Networks," in Proc. of 1st Int. Conf.
on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Los Angeles, 2003, pp.14-27.
[13] V. Shnayder, M. Hempstead, B. Chen, G. W. Allen, and M. Welsh,
"Simulating the Power Consumption of Large-Scale Sensor Network
Applications," in Proc. of 2nd Int. Conf. on Embedded Networked Sensor
Systems, Baltimore, 2004, pp.188-200.
[14] M. Zuniga, and B. Krishnamachari, "Analyzing the Transitional Region
in Low Power Wireless Links," in Proc. of IEEE Int. Conf. on Sensors and
Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, Santa Clara, 2004, pp.517-526.
[15] M. Z. Zamalloa, and B. Krishnamachari, "An Analysis of Unreliability
and Asymmetry in Low-power Wireless Links," ACM Transactions on
Sensor Networks, vol.6, no.2, 2007.
[16] CC1000 Data Sheet. Texas Instruments Incorporated: Dallas, TX, USA,
2007.
[17] M. Mamun, T. Hasan-AI-Mahmud, S. Debnath, and M. Islam, "Analyzing
the Low Power Wireless Links for Wireless Sensor Networks," Journal of
Telecommunications, vol.1, issue.1, pp.123-127, 2010.
[18] B. Leong, S. Mitra, and B. Liskov, "Path Vector Face Routing:
Geographic Routing with Local Face Information," in 13th Proc. of IEEE
Int. Conf. on Network Protocols, Boston, 2005, pp.147-158.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:57648", author = "Eunil Park and Kwangsu Cho", title = "Energy Efficient and Reliable Geographic Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks", abstract = "The wireless link can be unreliable in realistic wireless
sensor networks (WSNs). Energy efficient and reliable data
forwarding is important because each node has limited resources.
Therefore, we must suggest an optimal solution that considers using
the information of the node-s characteristics. Previous routing
protocols were unsuited to realistic asymmetric WSNs. In this paper,
we propose a Protocol that considers Both sides of Link-quality and
Energy (PBLE), an optimal routing protocol that balances modified
link-quality, distance and energy. Additionally, we propose a node
scheduling method. PBLE achieves a longer lifetime than previous
routing protocols and is more energy-efficient. PBLE uses energy,
local information and both sides of PRR in a 1-hop distance. We
explain how to send data packets to the destination node using the
node's information. Simulation shows PBLE improves delivery rate
and network lifetime compared to previous schemes. Moreover, we
show the improvement in various WSN environments.", keywords = "energy-efficient, lifetime, PBLE, unreliable", volume = "4", number = "11", pages = "1638-6", }
