Energy Efficiency of Adaptive-Rate Medium Access Control Protocols for Sensor Networks

Energy efficient protocol design is the aim of current researches in the area of sensor networks where limited power resources impose energy conservation considerations. In this paper we care for Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols and after an extensive literature review, two adaptive schemes are discussed. Of them, adaptive-rate MACs which were introduced for throughput enhancement show the potency to save energy, even more than adaptive-power schemes. Then we propose an allocation algorithm for getting accurate and reliable results. Through a simulation study we validated our claim and showed the power saving of adaptive-rate protocols.

Authors:

• Rooholah Hasanizadeh
• Saadan Zokaei

Keywords:

• Adaptive-rate
• adaptive-power
• MAC protocol
• energy efficiency
• sensor networks.

References:

[1] K. Akkaya and M. Younis, "A Survey on Routing Protocols for Wireless
Sensor Networks," Department of Computer Science and Electrical
Engineering University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
[2] Wei Ye, John Heidemann, and Deborah Estrin, "An Energy-Efficient
MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks," in Proceedings of the
IEEE Infocom, New York, NY, June 2002, pp. 1567-1576.
[3] I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirci, "Wireless
sensor networks: a survey," Computer Networks, No. 38, pp.393-422,
2002.
[4] S. Singh and C.S. Raghavendra, "PAMAS: Power aware multi-access
protocol with signaling for ad hoc networks," ACM Computer
Communication Review, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 5-26, July 1998.
[5] E.S. Jung and N.H. Vaidya, "A Power Control MAC Protocol for Ad
Hoc Networks," In MOBICOM 2002, Sep, 2002.
[6] Alec Woo and David Culler, "A transmission control scheme for media
access in sensor networks," in Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE
International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, Rome,
Italy, July 2001, pp. 221-235, ACM.
C. Schurgers, V. Tsiatsis, S. Ganeriwal, M. Srivastava, "Optimizing
Sensor Networks in the Energy-latency-density Design Space", IEEE
Trans. on Mobile Computing, Vol.1, No.1, pp. 70-80, 2002.
[8] E. Lin, A. Wolisz, and J. Rabaey, "Power-Efficient Rendezvous
Schemes for Dense Wireless Sensor Networks," University of
California, Berkley, USA.
[9] T. van Dam and K. Langendoen. "An Adaptive Energy-Efficient MAC
Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks," In Proceedings of the First
ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Nov. 2003.
[10] J. Polastre, J. Hill, and D. Culler, "Versatile Low Power Media Access
for Wireless Sensor Networks," SenSys-04, November 3-5, 2004,
Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
[11] G. Holland, N. Vaidya, and P. Bahl, "A Rate-Adaptive MAC Protocol
for Multihop Wireless Networks," Proc. ACM SIGMOBILE 2001,
pp.236-250, Rome, Italy, July 2001.
[12] C.R. Lin and Y.H.J. Chang, "AAR: An Adaptive Rate Control Protocol
for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Proc. 11th IEEE International
Conference on Network (ICON 2003), Sydney, Australia, Sep. 2003.