Emotion Dampening Strategy and Internalizing Problem Behavior: Affect Intensity as Control Variables
Contrary to negative emotion regulation, coping with
positive moods have received less attention in adolescent adjustment.
However, some research has found that everyone is different on
dealing with their positive emotions, which affects their adaptation
and well-being. The purpose of the present study was to investigate
the relationship between positive emotions dampening and
internalizing behavior problems of adolescent in Taiwan. A survey
was conducted and 208 students (12 to14 years old) completed the
strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), the Affect Intensity
Measure, and the positive emotions dampening scale. Analysis
methods such as descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlations and
multiple regression were adapted. The results were as follows:
Emotionality and internalizing problem behavior have significant
gender differences. Compared to boys, girls have a higher score on
negative emotionality and are at a higher risk for internalizing
symptoms. However, there are no gender differences on positive
emotion dampening. Additionally, in the circumstance that negative
emotionality acted as the control variable, positive emotion
dampening strategy was (positive) related to internalizing behavior
problems. Given the results of this study, it is suggested that coaching
deconstructive positive emotion strategies is to assist adolescents
with internalizing behavior problems is encouraged.
[1] G. C. Feldman, J. Joormann, and S. L. Johnson, "Responses to positive
affect: a self-report measure of rumination and dampening." Cognitive
Therapy and Research, vol. 32, pp. 507-525, 2008.
[2] J. Quoidbach, E. Berry, M. Hansenne,and M. Mikolajczak, "Positive
emotion regulation and well-being: Comparing the impact of eight
savoring and dampening strategies." Personality and Individual
Differences, vol. 49, pp. 368-373, 2010.
[3] J. S. A. Carriere, J. A. Cheyne, and D. Smilek, "Everyday Attention
Lapses and Memory Failures: The Affective Consequences of
Mindlessness." Consciousness and Cognition, vol.17, pp.835-847,
2008.
[4] J. T. Larsen, and A. R. McKibban, "Is happiness having what you want,
wanting what you have, or both? "Psychological Science, vol.19,
pp.371-377, 2008.
[5] B. Schwartz, A. Ward, J. Monterosso, S. Lyubomirsky,, K. White, and D.
R. Lehman, "Maximizing versus satisficing: Happiness is a matter of
choice." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 83,
pp.1178-1197, 2002.
[6] F. B. Bryant, "Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI): A scale for measuring
beliefs about savouring." Journal of Mental Health, vol. 12, pp.175-196,
2003.
[7] H. Min-er, and G. Dejun, Emotion regulation and depression of college
students. Chinese Mental Health Journal, vol. 15, pp.438 - 441, 2001.
[8] D. Watson, L. A. Clark, and G. Carey, "Positive and negative affectivity
and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders." Journal of
Abnormal Psychology, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 346-353, 1988.
[9] E. Diener, R. J. Larsen, S. Levine, and R. A. Emmons, "Intensity and
frequency: Dimensions underlying positive and negative affect" Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 48, pp.1253-1265, 1985.
[10] M. Geuens, and P. De Pelsmacker, "Role of humor in the persuasion of
individuals varying in need for cognition. "Advances in Consumer
Research, vol. 29, pp.50-56 , 2002.
[11] T. D. Fisher, and J. K. McNulty, Neuroticism and marital satisfaction:
The mediating role played by the sexual relationship. Journal of Family
Psychology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 112-122, 2008.
[12] J. F. Finch, and W. G. Graziano, Predicting Depression From
Temperament, Personality, and Patterns of Social Relations. Journal of
Personality, vol. 69, pp. 27-55, 2001.
[13] E. E. Forbes, and R. E. Dahl, Neural systems of positive affect:
Relevance to understanding child and adolescent depression?
Development and Psychopathology, vol. 17, pp. 827-850, 2005.
[14] N. Eisenberg, A. Cumberland, T. L. Spinrad, R. A. Fabes, S. A. Shepard,
M. Reiser, et al." The relations of regulation and emotion-ality to
children s externalizing and internalizing problem behavior." Child
Development, vol. 72, pp.1112 1134, 2001.
[15] R. W. Roeser, and J. S. Eccles, "Adolescents- perceptions of middle
school: Relation to longitudinal changes in academic and psychological
adjustment. " Journal of Research on Adolescence, vol. 8, pp. 123-158,
1998.
[16] J. H. Block, and J. Block, "The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in
the origination of behavior." In W. A. Collings (Ed.), The Minnesota
Symposia on Child Psychology, vol. 13, pp. 39-101, 1980.
[17] P. M. Cole, C. Zahn-Waxler, N. A. Fox, B. A. Usher, and J. D. Welch,
"Individual differences in emotion regulation and behavior problems in
preschool children" Journal of Abnormal Psychology, vol. 105, pp.
518-529, 1996.
[18] S. P. Hinshaw, "Externalizing behavior problems and academic
underachievement in childhood and adolescence: Causal relationships
and underlying mechanisms." Psychological Bulletin, vol. 111, pp.
127-155, 1992.
[19] R. Roeser, J. Eccles, and K. Strobel, "Linking the study of schooling and
mental health: selected issues and empirical illustrations at the level of
the individual. "Educational Psychologist, vol. 33, no. 4, pp.153-176.
1998.
[20] M. D. Rapport, C. B. Denney, and K. Chung, "Internalizing behavior
problems and scholastic achievement in children: Cognitive and
behavioral pathways as mediators of outcome." Journal of Clinical
Child Psychology, vol. 30, pp. 536-551, 2001.
[21] S. Pedersen, F. Vitaro, and E. D. Barker, "he timing of middle-childhood
peer rejection and friendship: Linking early behavior to early-adolescent
adjustment." Child Development, vol.78, no. 4, pp. 1037-1051, 2007.
[22] K. Aunola, H. Statting, & J. E.Nurmi, "Parenting styles and
adolescents-achievement strategies." Journal of Adolescence, vol. 23, pp.
205-222, 2000.
[23] Jia. Ru. Li, & Ching-Wen, Lin. "Psychometric properties of the
Negative Emotion regulation strategies." submitted for publication.
[24] R. Goodman, "The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A Research
Note." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol. 38, pp. 581-586,
1997.
[25] K. Y. C. Lai, E. S. L. Luk, P. W. L. Leung, A. S. Y. Wong, L. Law, and
Ho. Karen, "Validation of the Chinese version of the strengths and
difficulties questionnaire in Hong Kong." Social Psychiatry and
Psychiatric Epidemiology, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 1179-1186, 2010.
[26] M. Geuens, and P. de Pelsmacker, "Developing a Short Affect Intensity
Scale." Psychological Reports, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 657-670, 2002.
[27] R. E. Goldsmith, and H. Walters, "A validity study of the Affect
Intensity Measure." Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, vol. 4,
pp. 133-140, 1989.
[28] R. J. Larsen, and E. Diener, "Affect intensity as an individual difference
characteristic: A review." Journal of Research in Personality, vol. 21, pp.
1-39, 1987.
[1] G. C. Feldman, J. Joormann, and S. L. Johnson, "Responses to positive
affect: a self-report measure of rumination and dampening." Cognitive
Therapy and Research, vol. 32, pp. 507-525, 2008.
[2] J. Quoidbach, E. Berry, M. Hansenne,and M. Mikolajczak, "Positive
emotion regulation and well-being: Comparing the impact of eight
savoring and dampening strategies." Personality and Individual
Differences, vol. 49, pp. 368-373, 2010.
[3] J. S. A. Carriere, J. A. Cheyne, and D. Smilek, "Everyday Attention
Lapses and Memory Failures: The Affective Consequences of
Mindlessness." Consciousness and Cognition, vol.17, pp.835-847,
2008.
[4] J. T. Larsen, and A. R. McKibban, "Is happiness having what you want,
wanting what you have, or both? "Psychological Science, vol.19,
pp.371-377, 2008.
[5] B. Schwartz, A. Ward, J. Monterosso, S. Lyubomirsky,, K. White, and D.
R. Lehman, "Maximizing versus satisficing: Happiness is a matter of
choice." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 83,
pp.1178-1197, 2002.
[6] F. B. Bryant, "Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI): A scale for measuring
beliefs about savouring." Journal of Mental Health, vol. 12, pp.175-196,
2003.
[7] H. Min-er, and G. Dejun, Emotion regulation and depression of college
students. Chinese Mental Health Journal, vol. 15, pp.438 - 441, 2001.
[8] D. Watson, L. A. Clark, and G. Carey, "Positive and negative affectivity
and their relation to anxiety and depressive disorders." Journal of
Abnormal Psychology, vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 346-353, 1988.
[9] E. Diener, R. J. Larsen, S. Levine, and R. A. Emmons, "Intensity and
frequency: Dimensions underlying positive and negative affect" Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 48, pp.1253-1265, 1985.
[10] M. Geuens, and P. De Pelsmacker, "Role of humor in the persuasion of
individuals varying in need for cognition. "Advances in Consumer
Research, vol. 29, pp.50-56 , 2002.
[11] T. D. Fisher, and J. K. McNulty, Neuroticism and marital satisfaction:
The mediating role played by the sexual relationship. Journal of Family
Psychology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 112-122, 2008.
[12] J. F. Finch, and W. G. Graziano, Predicting Depression From
Temperament, Personality, and Patterns of Social Relations. Journal of
Personality, vol. 69, pp. 27-55, 2001.
[13] E. E. Forbes, and R. E. Dahl, Neural systems of positive affect:
Relevance to understanding child and adolescent depression?
Development and Psychopathology, vol. 17, pp. 827-850, 2005.
[14] N. Eisenberg, A. Cumberland, T. L. Spinrad, R. A. Fabes, S. A. Shepard,
M. Reiser, et al." The relations of regulation and emotion-ality to
children s externalizing and internalizing problem behavior." Child
Development, vol. 72, pp.1112 1134, 2001.
[15] R. W. Roeser, and J. S. Eccles, "Adolescents- perceptions of middle
school: Relation to longitudinal changes in academic and psychological
adjustment. " Journal of Research on Adolescence, vol. 8, pp. 123-158,
1998.
[16] J. H. Block, and J. Block, "The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in
the origination of behavior." In W. A. Collings (Ed.), The Minnesota
Symposia on Child Psychology, vol. 13, pp. 39-101, 1980.
[17] P. M. Cole, C. Zahn-Waxler, N. A. Fox, B. A. Usher, and J. D. Welch,
"Individual differences in emotion regulation and behavior problems in
preschool children" Journal of Abnormal Psychology, vol. 105, pp.
518-529, 1996.
[18] S. P. Hinshaw, "Externalizing behavior problems and academic
underachievement in childhood and adolescence: Causal relationships
and underlying mechanisms." Psychological Bulletin, vol. 111, pp.
127-155, 1992.
[19] R. Roeser, J. Eccles, and K. Strobel, "Linking the study of schooling and
mental health: selected issues and empirical illustrations at the level of
the individual. "Educational Psychologist, vol. 33, no. 4, pp.153-176.
1998.
[20] M. D. Rapport, C. B. Denney, and K. Chung, "Internalizing behavior
problems and scholastic achievement in children: Cognitive and
behavioral pathways as mediators of outcome." Journal of Clinical
Child Psychology, vol. 30, pp. 536-551, 2001.
[21] S. Pedersen, F. Vitaro, and E. D. Barker, "he timing of middle-childhood
peer rejection and friendship: Linking early behavior to early-adolescent
adjustment." Child Development, vol.78, no. 4, pp. 1037-1051, 2007.
[22] K. Aunola, H. Statting, & J. E.Nurmi, "Parenting styles and
adolescents-achievement strategies." Journal of Adolescence, vol. 23, pp.
205-222, 2000.
[23] Jia. Ru. Li, & Ching-Wen, Lin. "Psychometric properties of the
Negative Emotion regulation strategies." submitted for publication.
[24] R. Goodman, "The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A Research
Note." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol. 38, pp. 581-586,
1997.
[25] K. Y. C. Lai, E. S. L. Luk, P. W. L. Leung, A. S. Y. Wong, L. Law, and
Ho. Karen, "Validation of the Chinese version of the strengths and
difficulties questionnaire in Hong Kong." Social Psychiatry and
Psychiatric Epidemiology, vol. 45, no. 12, pp. 1179-1186, 2010.
[26] M. Geuens, and P. de Pelsmacker, "Developing a Short Affect Intensity
Scale." Psychological Reports, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 657-670, 2002.
[27] R. E. Goldsmith, and H. Walters, "A validity study of the Affect
Intensity Measure." Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, vol. 4,
pp. 133-140, 1989.
[28] R. J. Larsen, and E. Diener, "Affect intensity as an individual difference
characteristic: A review." Journal of Research in Personality, vol. 21, pp.
1-39, 1987.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:62157", author = "Jia-Ru Li and Chia-Jung Li and Ching-Wen Lin", title = "Emotion Dampening Strategy and Internalizing Problem Behavior: Affect Intensity as Control Variables", abstract = "Contrary to negative emotion regulation, coping with
positive moods have received less attention in adolescent adjustment.
However, some research has found that everyone is different on
dealing with their positive emotions, which affects their adaptation
and well-being. The purpose of the present study was to investigate
the relationship between positive emotions dampening and
internalizing behavior problems of adolescent in Taiwan. A survey
was conducted and 208 students (12 to14 years old) completed the
strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), the Affect Intensity
Measure, and the positive emotions dampening scale. Analysis
methods such as descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlations and
multiple regression were adapted. The results were as follows:
Emotionality and internalizing problem behavior have significant
gender differences. Compared to boys, girls have a higher score on
negative emotionality and are at a higher risk for internalizing
symptoms. However, there are no gender differences on positive
emotion dampening. Additionally, in the circumstance that negative
emotionality acted as the control variable, positive emotion
dampening strategy was (positive) related to internalizing behavior
problems. Given the results of this study, it is suggested that coaching
deconstructive positive emotion strategies is to assist adolescents
with internalizing behavior problems is encouraged.", keywords = "Emotion dampening strategies, internalizing problem
behaviors, affect intensity.", volume = "6", number = "12", pages = "3675-4", }