Effect of Welding Processes on Fatigue Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Joints
This paper reports the fatigue crack growth behaviour
of gas tungsten arc, electron beam and laser beam welded Ti-6Al-4V
titanium alloy. Centre cracked tensile specimens were prepared to
evaluate the fatigue crack growth behaviour. A 100kN servo
hydraulic controlled fatigue testing machine was used under constant
amplitude uniaxial tensile load (stress ratio of 0.1 and frequency of
10 Hz). Crack growth curves were plotted and crack growth
parameters (exponent and intercept) were evaluated. Critical and
threshold stress intensity factor ranges were also evaluated. Fatigue
crack growth behaviour of welds was correlated with mechanical
properties and microstructural characteristics of welds. Of the three
joints, the joint fabricated by laser beam welding exhibited higher
fatigue crack growth resistance due to the presence of fine lamellar
microstructure in the weld metal.
[1] Qi Yunlian, Deng Ju, Hong Quan, Zeng Liying, Electron beam welding,
laser beam welding and gas tungsten arc welding of titanium sheet,
Materials Science and Engineering A280 (2000) 177-181.
[2] N. Saresh, M. Gopalakrishna Pillai and Jose Mathew, Investigations
into the effects of electron beam welding on thick Ti-6Al-4V titanium
alloy, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 192-193 (2007) 83-
88
[3] M. Balasubramanian & V. Jayabalan & V. Balasubramanian, a
mathematical model to predict impact toughness of pulsed-current gas
tungsten arc- welded titanium alloy, Int. J. Adv. Manuf Techno (2008)
35:852-858
[4] N.J. Noolua,, H.W. Kerra, Y. Zhoua, and J. Xieb, Laser weldability of
Pt and Ti alloys, Materials Science and Engineering A 397 (2005) 8-15
[5] M. Balasubramanian,V. Jayabalan and V. Balasubramanian, Prediction
and Optimization of Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process
Parameters to Obtain Sound Weld Pool Geometry in Titanium Alloy
Using Lexicographic Method, ASM International, JMEPEG (2009)
18:871-877
[6] K. Keshava murthy and S. Sundaresan, Fatigue crack growth behavior in
a welded ╬▒ - β Ti-Al-Mn alloy in relation to the microstructural features
, Material science and engineering, 1997, A222, 201-211.
[7] Vikas Kumar Saxena and V.M. Radhakrishnan, Effect of Phase
Morphology on Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of a-b Titanium
AlloyÔÇöA Crack Closure Rationale, metallurgical and materials
transactions a volume 29A, (1998), 245-261
[8] V. Sinha, C. Mercer , W.O. Soboyejo ,An investigation of short and long
fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti-6Al-4V, Materials Science and
Engineering A287 (2000) 30-42
[9] B.L. Boyce and R.O. Ritchie, Effect of load ratio and maximum stress
intensity on the fatigue threshold in Ti-6Al-4V, Engineering Fracture
Mechanics 68 (2001) 129-147
[10] L. W. Tsay, Y.P. Shan, Y.-H. Chao and W. Y. Shu, The influence of
porosity on the fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti-6Al-4V laser welds,
J Mater Sci (2006) 41:7498-7505
[11] Y.S. Ding, L.W. Tsay and C. Chen, The effects of hydrogen on fatigue
crack growth behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe
alloys, Corrosion Science, Volume 51, Issue 6, June 2009, Pages 1413-
1419
[12] Xuedong Wang, Qingyu Shi, Xin Wang and Zenglei Zhang , The
influences of precrack orientations in welded joint of Ti-6Al-4V on
fatigue crack growth, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Volume
527, Issues 4-5, 15 February 2010, Pages 1008-1015
[13] Paris P.C and Erdogan F (1963) Basic Engineering, Transaction ASTM
Journal, pp (528-534)
[14] Hellan K (1984) Introduction to Fracture Mechanics, 172-173, 2nd ed.,
McGraw Hill Book Company, New York.
[15] ASM Hand Book Volume 9 -Metallography&Microstructures, pp 968-
1015
[16] ASM Hand Book Volume 6 - Welding, Brazing and Soldering; pp.740-
754, 1289-1230.
[17] ASM Hand Book Volume 12 - Fractography, pp768-793
[18] Eripret, C and P. Hornet (1994) Prediction of overmatching effects on
the fracture of stainless steel cracked welds, Mis - matching of welds,
ESIS 17, Edited by K.H. Schwalbe and M. Kocak, Mechanical
Engineering publications, London, pp (685-708).
[19] Potluri N.B, Ghosh P.K, Gupta P.C and Reddy Y.S (1996) Studies on
weld metal characteristics and their influences on tensile and fatigue
properties of pulsed current GMA welded Al-Zn-Mg alloy, Welding
Research Supplement, pp (62s-70s).
[20] Ahmed.T, Rack.H.J, Phase transformation during cooling in ╬▒+β
titanium alloys.MaterialsScienceandEngineering1998; A243:206-11.
[21] Mohandas T, Banerjee D, Kutumba Rao VV.,Fusion zone microstructure
and porosity in electron beam welds of an a + b titanium alloy. Metal
Trans 1998; 30A:789-98.
[22] A.W. Thompson and J.C. Chesnutt, Metall. Trans. A, Vol 10A, 1979, p
1193
[23] G.Magudeeswaran, V.Balasubramanian, T.S.Balasubramanian and
G.Madhusudhan Reddy, Effect of welding consumables on tensile
impact properties of shielded metal arc welded high strength, quenched
and tempered steel joints, Science and Technology of Welding and
Joining, 2008, Vol 13, pp 97-105
[24] A. Berg, J. Kiese and L. Wagner: in Light-Weight Alloys for Aerospace
Applications III, E.W. Lee, K.V. Jata, N.J. Kim and W. E. Frazier (eds.),
TMS (1995) 407
[25] Titanium and titanium alloys (Fundamentals and applications), Edited by
C. Leyens and M.
[1] Qi Yunlian, Deng Ju, Hong Quan, Zeng Liying, Electron beam welding,
laser beam welding and gas tungsten arc welding of titanium sheet,
Materials Science and Engineering A280 (2000) 177-181.
[2] N. Saresh, M. Gopalakrishna Pillai and Jose Mathew, Investigations
into the effects of electron beam welding on thick Ti-6Al-4V titanium
alloy, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 192-193 (2007) 83-
88
[3] M. Balasubramanian & V. Jayabalan & V. Balasubramanian, a
mathematical model to predict impact toughness of pulsed-current gas
tungsten arc- welded titanium alloy, Int. J. Adv. Manuf Techno (2008)
35:852-858
[4] N.J. Noolua,, H.W. Kerra, Y. Zhoua, and J. Xieb, Laser weldability of
Pt and Ti alloys, Materials Science and Engineering A 397 (2005) 8-15
[5] M. Balasubramanian,V. Jayabalan and V. Balasubramanian, Prediction
and Optimization of Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process
Parameters to Obtain Sound Weld Pool Geometry in Titanium Alloy
Using Lexicographic Method, ASM International, JMEPEG (2009)
18:871-877
[6] K. Keshava murthy and S. Sundaresan, Fatigue crack growth behavior in
a welded ╬▒ - β Ti-Al-Mn alloy in relation to the microstructural features
, Material science and engineering, 1997, A222, 201-211.
[7] Vikas Kumar Saxena and V.M. Radhakrishnan, Effect of Phase
Morphology on Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of a-b Titanium
AlloyÔÇöA Crack Closure Rationale, metallurgical and materials
transactions a volume 29A, (1998), 245-261
[8] V. Sinha, C. Mercer , W.O. Soboyejo ,An investigation of short and long
fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti-6Al-4V, Materials Science and
Engineering A287 (2000) 30-42
[9] B.L. Boyce and R.O. Ritchie, Effect of load ratio and maximum stress
intensity on the fatigue threshold in Ti-6Al-4V, Engineering Fracture
Mechanics 68 (2001) 129-147
[10] L. W. Tsay, Y.P. Shan, Y.-H. Chao and W. Y. Shu, The influence of
porosity on the fatigue crack growth behavior of Ti-6Al-4V laser welds,
J Mater Sci (2006) 41:7498-7505
[11] Y.S. Ding, L.W. Tsay and C. Chen, The effects of hydrogen on fatigue
crack growth behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-4.5Al-3V-2Mo-2Fe
alloys, Corrosion Science, Volume 51, Issue 6, June 2009, Pages 1413-
1419
[12] Xuedong Wang, Qingyu Shi, Xin Wang and Zenglei Zhang , The
influences of precrack orientations in welded joint of Ti-6Al-4V on
fatigue crack growth, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Volume
527, Issues 4-5, 15 February 2010, Pages 1008-1015
[13] Paris P.C and Erdogan F (1963) Basic Engineering, Transaction ASTM
Journal, pp (528-534)
[14] Hellan K (1984) Introduction to Fracture Mechanics, 172-173, 2nd ed.,
McGraw Hill Book Company, New York.
[15] ASM Hand Book Volume 9 -Metallography&Microstructures, pp 968-
1015
[16] ASM Hand Book Volume 6 - Welding, Brazing and Soldering; pp.740-
754, 1289-1230.
[17] ASM Hand Book Volume 12 - Fractography, pp768-793
[18] Eripret, C and P. Hornet (1994) Prediction of overmatching effects on
the fracture of stainless steel cracked welds, Mis - matching of welds,
ESIS 17, Edited by K.H. Schwalbe and M. Kocak, Mechanical
Engineering publications, London, pp (685-708).
[19] Potluri N.B, Ghosh P.K, Gupta P.C and Reddy Y.S (1996) Studies on
weld metal characteristics and their influences on tensile and fatigue
properties of pulsed current GMA welded Al-Zn-Mg alloy, Welding
Research Supplement, pp (62s-70s).
[20] Ahmed.T, Rack.H.J, Phase transformation during cooling in ╬▒+β
titanium alloys.MaterialsScienceandEngineering1998; A243:206-11.
[21] Mohandas T, Banerjee D, Kutumba Rao VV.,Fusion zone microstructure
and porosity in electron beam welds of an a + b titanium alloy. Metal
Trans 1998; 30A:789-98.
[22] A.W. Thompson and J.C. Chesnutt, Metall. Trans. A, Vol 10A, 1979, p
1193
[23] G.Magudeeswaran, V.Balasubramanian, T.S.Balasubramanian and
G.Madhusudhan Reddy, Effect of welding consumables on tensile
impact properties of shielded metal arc welded high strength, quenched
and tempered steel joints, Science and Technology of Welding and
Joining, 2008, Vol 13, pp 97-105
[24] A. Berg, J. Kiese and L. Wagner: in Light-Weight Alloys for Aerospace
Applications III, E.W. Lee, K.V. Jata, N.J. Kim and W. E. Frazier (eds.),
TMS (1995) 407
[25] Titanium and titanium alloys (Fundamentals and applications), Edited by
C. Leyens and M.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:54748", author = "T.S.Balasubramanian and V.Balasubramanian and M.A.Muthumanikkam", title = "Effect of Welding Processes on Fatigue Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Joints", abstract = "This paper reports the fatigue crack growth behaviour
of gas tungsten arc, electron beam and laser beam welded Ti-6Al-4V
titanium alloy. Centre cracked tensile specimens were prepared to
evaluate the fatigue crack growth behaviour. A 100kN servo
hydraulic controlled fatigue testing machine was used under constant
amplitude uniaxial tensile load (stress ratio of 0.1 and frequency of
10 Hz). Crack growth curves were plotted and crack growth
parameters (exponent and intercept) were evaluated. Critical and
threshold stress intensity factor ranges were also evaluated. Fatigue
crack growth behaviour of welds was correlated with mechanical
properties and microstructural characteristics of welds. Of the three
joints, the joint fabricated by laser beam welding exhibited higher
fatigue crack growth resistance due to the presence of fine lamellar
microstructure in the weld metal.", keywords = "Fatigue, Non ferrous metals and alloys, welding", volume = "5", number = "2", pages = "335-10", }
