Effect of Superplasticizer and NaOH Molarity on Workability, Compressive Strength and Microstructure Properties of Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete
The research investigates the effects of super plasticizer and molarity of sodium hydroxide alkaline solution on the workability, microstructure and compressive strength of self compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC). SCGC is an improved way of concreting execution that does not require compaction and is made by complete elimination of ordinary Portland cement content. The parameters studied were superplasticizer (SP) dosage and molarity of NaOH solution. SCGC were synthesized from low calcium fly ash, activated by combinations of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions, and by incorporation of superplasticizer for self compactability. The workability properties such as filling ability, passing ability and resistance to segregation were assessed using slump flow, T-50, V-funnel, L-Box and J-ring test methods. It was found that the essential workability requirements for self compactability according to EFNARC were satisfied. Results showed that the workability and compressive strength improved with the increase in superplasticizer dosage. An increase in strength and a decrease in workability of these concrete samples were observed with the increase in molarity of NaOH solution from 8M to 14M. Improvement of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and micro structure with the increase of SP and increase of concentration from 8M to 12M were also identified.
[1] M. F. Nuruddin, S. Quazi, N. Shafiq, A. Kusbiantoro, "Compressive
Strength & Microstructure of Polymeric Concrete Incorporating Fly Ash
& Silica Fume", Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,1(1), pp. 15-18,
2010
[2] V.M. Malhotra, "ntroduction: Sustainable Development & Concrete
Technology" ACI Concrete International, 4(7),pp.22, 2002.
[3] D. Hardjito, S. E. Wallah, D. M. Sumajouw, B. V. Rangan, "Factors
Influencing the Compressive Strength of Fly ash-Based Geopolymer
Concrete", Civil Engineering Dimension, 6(2), pp. 88-93, 2004.
[4] T. R. Naik, "Sustainability of cement and concrete industries",
Proceedings of the International Conference Global Construction:
Ultimate Concrete Opportunities, Dundee, Scotland, pp. 141-150, July
2005.
[5] D. Hardjito, B. V. Rangan, "Development and properties of low-calcium
fly ash based geopolymer concrete", Research Report GC 1, Faculty of
Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia, 2005.
[6] A. Palomo, M.W. Grutzek, M.T. Blanco, "Alkali-activated fly ashes. A
cement for the future", Cement and Concrete Research,29(8), pp. 1323-
1329, 1999.
[7] J. Davidovits, "Geopolymers: inorganic polymeric new materials",
Journal of Thermal Analysis, 37(8), pp. 1633-1656, 1991.
[8] P. Rovnanik, "Effect of curing temperature on the development of hard
structure of metakaolin-based geopolymer", Construction and Building
Materials, 24(7) pp. 1176-1183, 2010.
[9] F. Cassagnabère, M. Mouret, G. Escadeillas, P. Broilliard, A. Bertrand,
"Metakaolin, a solution for the precast industry to limit the clinker
content in concrete: Mechanical aspects", Construction and Building
Materials, 24(7), pp. 1109-1118, 2010.
[10] B. V. Rangan, "Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete", Research Report
GC-4, Faculty of Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth,
Australia, 2008.
[11] A. M. Neville, "Properties of Concrete", Prentice Hall, London, 2000.
[12] H. Okamura, M. Ouchi, "Self-compacting concrete", Journal of
Advanced Concrete Technology, 1(1), pp.5 -15, 2003.
[13] EFNARC, "The European Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete:
Specification, production and use", www.efnarc.org, 2005.
[14] Y. Xie, B. Liu, J. Yin, S. Zhou, "Optimum mix parameters of highstrength
self-compacting concrete with ultrapulverized fly ash", Cement
and Concrete Research, 32 (3), pp. 477-480, 2002.
[15] J. M. Khatib, Performance of self-compacting concrete containing fly
ash, Construction and Building Materials, 22(9) pp. 1963-1971, 2008.
[16] M. Ouchi, S. Nakamura, T. Osterson, S. Hallberg, M. Lwin,
"Applications of self-compacting concrete in japan, europe and the
united states", ISHPC, 2003.
[17] F. Dehn, K. Holschemacher, D. Weiße, "Self-compacting concrete (scc)
time development of the material properties and the bond behaviour",
LACER, no. 5, 2000.
[18] M. Ahmadi, O. Alidoust, I. Sadrinejad, M. Nayeri, "Development of
mechanical properties of self compacting concrete contain rice husk
ash", International Journal of Computer, Information, and Systems
Science, and Engineering, vol 1, no. 4, 2007.
[19] D. Khale, R. Chaudhary, "Mechanism of geopolymerization and factors
influencing its development: a review", Journal of Materials Science,
42(3) pp.729-746, 2007.
[20] EFNARC, "Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete", February 2002.
[21] M. F. Nuruddin, A. Kusbiantoro, S. Qazi, N. Shafiq, "Compressive
strength and interfacial transition zone characteristic of geopolymer
concrete with different cast in-situ curing condition", World Academy of
Sceience, Engineering and Technology (WASET) , Dubai, 25-28 Jan
2011.
[22] M. Komljenovi'c, Z. Bascarevic, V. Bradic, "Mechanical and
microstructural properties of alkali-activated fly ash geopolymer",
Journal on Hazardous Material, 181, pp. 35-42, 2010.
[23] H. Xu, J.S.J. Van Deventer, "The geopolymerisation of aluminosilicate
minerals", International Journal of Mineral Processing, 59 (3), pp. 247-
266, 2000.
[24] E. Obonyo, E. Kamseu, U.C. Melo, C. Leonelli, "Advancing the Use of
Secondary Inputs in Geopolymer Binders for Sustainable Cementitious
Composites: A Review", Journal in Sustainability, 3(2), pp.410-423,
2011.
[25] BS EN 450-2, "Fly Ash for Concrete" Conformity Evaluation, 2005.
[1] M. F. Nuruddin, S. Quazi, N. Shafiq, A. Kusbiantoro, "Compressive
Strength & Microstructure of Polymeric Concrete Incorporating Fly Ash
& Silica Fume", Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,1(1), pp. 15-18,
2010
[2] V.M. Malhotra, "ntroduction: Sustainable Development & Concrete
Technology" ACI Concrete International, 4(7),pp.22, 2002.
[3] D. Hardjito, S. E. Wallah, D. M. Sumajouw, B. V. Rangan, "Factors
Influencing the Compressive Strength of Fly ash-Based Geopolymer
Concrete", Civil Engineering Dimension, 6(2), pp. 88-93, 2004.
[4] T. R. Naik, "Sustainability of cement and concrete industries",
Proceedings of the International Conference Global Construction:
Ultimate Concrete Opportunities, Dundee, Scotland, pp. 141-150, July
2005.
[5] D. Hardjito, B. V. Rangan, "Development and properties of low-calcium
fly ash based geopolymer concrete", Research Report GC 1, Faculty of
Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia, 2005.
[6] A. Palomo, M.W. Grutzek, M.T. Blanco, "Alkali-activated fly ashes. A
cement for the future", Cement and Concrete Research,29(8), pp. 1323-
1329, 1999.
[7] J. Davidovits, "Geopolymers: inorganic polymeric new materials",
Journal of Thermal Analysis, 37(8), pp. 1633-1656, 1991.
[8] P. Rovnanik, "Effect of curing temperature on the development of hard
structure of metakaolin-based geopolymer", Construction and Building
Materials, 24(7) pp. 1176-1183, 2010.
[9] F. Cassagnabère, M. Mouret, G. Escadeillas, P. Broilliard, A. Bertrand,
"Metakaolin, a solution for the precast industry to limit the clinker
content in concrete: Mechanical aspects", Construction and Building
Materials, 24(7), pp. 1109-1118, 2010.
[10] B. V. Rangan, "Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete", Research Report
GC-4, Faculty of Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth,
Australia, 2008.
[11] A. M. Neville, "Properties of Concrete", Prentice Hall, London, 2000.
[12] H. Okamura, M. Ouchi, "Self-compacting concrete", Journal of
Advanced Concrete Technology, 1(1), pp.5 -15, 2003.
[13] EFNARC, "The European Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete:
Specification, production and use", www.efnarc.org, 2005.
[14] Y. Xie, B. Liu, J. Yin, S. Zhou, "Optimum mix parameters of highstrength
self-compacting concrete with ultrapulverized fly ash", Cement
and Concrete Research, 32 (3), pp. 477-480, 2002.
[15] J. M. Khatib, Performance of self-compacting concrete containing fly
ash, Construction and Building Materials, 22(9) pp. 1963-1971, 2008.
[16] M. Ouchi, S. Nakamura, T. Osterson, S. Hallberg, M. Lwin,
"Applications of self-compacting concrete in japan, europe and the
united states", ISHPC, 2003.
[17] F. Dehn, K. Holschemacher, D. Weiße, "Self-compacting concrete (scc)
time development of the material properties and the bond behaviour",
LACER, no. 5, 2000.
[18] M. Ahmadi, O. Alidoust, I. Sadrinejad, M. Nayeri, "Development of
mechanical properties of self compacting concrete contain rice husk
ash", International Journal of Computer, Information, and Systems
Science, and Engineering, vol 1, no. 4, 2007.
[19] D. Khale, R. Chaudhary, "Mechanism of geopolymerization and factors
influencing its development: a review", Journal of Materials Science,
42(3) pp.729-746, 2007.
[20] EFNARC, "Guidelines for Self-Compacting Concrete", February 2002.
[21] M. F. Nuruddin, A. Kusbiantoro, S. Qazi, N. Shafiq, "Compressive
strength and interfacial transition zone characteristic of geopolymer
concrete with different cast in-situ curing condition", World Academy of
Sceience, Engineering and Technology (WASET) , Dubai, 25-28 Jan
2011.
[22] M. Komljenovi'c, Z. Bascarevic, V. Bradic, "Mechanical and
microstructural properties of alkali-activated fly ash geopolymer",
Journal on Hazardous Material, 181, pp. 35-42, 2010.
[23] H. Xu, J.S.J. Van Deventer, "The geopolymerisation of aluminosilicate
minerals", International Journal of Mineral Processing, 59 (3), pp. 247-
266, 2000.
[24] E. Obonyo, E. Kamseu, U.C. Melo, C. Leonelli, "Advancing the Use of
Secondary Inputs in Geopolymer Binders for Sustainable Cementitious
Composites: A Review", Journal in Sustainability, 3(2), pp.410-423,
2011.
[25] BS EN 450-2, "Fly Ash for Concrete" Conformity Evaluation, 2005.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:55429", author = "M. Fadhil Nuruddin and Samuel Demie and M. Fareed Ahmed and Nasir Shafiq", title = "Effect of Superplasticizer and NaOH Molarity on Workability, Compressive Strength and Microstructure Properties of Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete", abstract = "The research investigates the effects of super plasticizer and molarity of sodium hydroxide alkaline solution on the workability, microstructure and compressive strength of self compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC). SCGC is an improved way of concreting execution that does not require compaction and is made by complete elimination of ordinary Portland cement content. The parameters studied were superplasticizer (SP) dosage and molarity of NaOH solution. SCGC were synthesized from low calcium fly ash, activated by combinations of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions, and by incorporation of superplasticizer for self compactability. The workability properties such as filling ability, passing ability and resistance to segregation were assessed using slump flow, T-50, V-funnel, L-Box and J-ring test methods. It was found that the essential workability requirements for self compactability according to EFNARC were satisfied. Results showed that the workability and compressive strength improved with the increase in superplasticizer dosage. An increase in strength and a decrease in workability of these concrete samples were observed with the increase in molarity of NaOH solution from 8M to 14M. Improvement of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and micro structure with the increase of SP and increase of concentration from 8M to 12M were also identified.
", keywords = "Compressive strength, Fly ash, Geopolymer concrete, Workability", volume = "5", number = "3", pages = "161-8", }
