Effect of Scene Changing on Image Sequences Compression Using Zero Tree Coding
We study in this paper the effect of the scene
changing on image sequences coding system using Embedded
Zerotree Wavelet (EZW). The scene changing considered here is the
full motion which may occurs. A special image sequence is generated
where the scene changing occurs randomly. Two scenarios are
considered: In the first scenario, the system must provide the
reconstruction quality as best as possible by the management of the
bit rate (BR) while the scene changing occurs. In the second scenario,
the system must keep the bit rate as constant as possible by the
management of the reconstruction quality. The first scenario may be
motivated by the availability of a large band pass transmission
channel where an increase of the bit rate may be possible to keep the
reconstruction quality up to a given threshold. The second scenario
may be concerned by the narrow band pass transmission channel
where an increase of the bit rate is not possible. In this last case,
applications for which the reconstruction quality is not a constraint
may be considered. The simulations are performed with five scales
wavelet decomposition using the 9/7-tap filter bank biorthogonal
wavelet. The entropy coding is performed using a specific defined
binary code book and EZW algorithm. Experimental results are
presented and compared to LEAD H263 EVAL. It is shown that if
the reconstruction quality is the constraint, the system increases the
bit rate to obtain the required quality. In the case where the bit rate
must be constant, the system is unable to provide the required quality
if the scene change occurs; however, the system is able to improve
the quality while the scene changing disappears.
[1] ITU-T. -Recommandation H263: video coding for low bit rate
communication, version 1, Nov.1995, version 2, (H.263+), Jan.1998,
version 3, (H.263++), Nov. 2000.
[2] Special Issue on the H.264/AVC Video Coding Standard, IEEE Trans.
Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol.13, no.7, Jul.2003.
[3] T.Sikora, "Trends and Perspectives on Image and Video Coding",
Invited paper, Jan.2005.
[4] J.M. Shapiro,"Embedded image coding using Zerotree of wavelet
coefficients", IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, vol.41, no.12, pp.3445-
3462, Dec.1993.
[5] S.Mallat, "A theory for multi-resolution signal decomposition: the
wavelet representation", IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine
Intelligence, vol.11, pp.674-693, Jul. 1989.
[6] Y.Chen, and W.A.Pearlman, "Three-dimensional subband coding of
video using zerotree method", Proc. SPIE, Visual Communications and
Image Processing, pp.1302-1309, Orlando, Mar.1996.
[7] J.Luo, X.Wang, C.W.Chen and K.J.Parker, "Volumetric medical image
compression with three-dimensional wavelet transform and octave
zerotree coding", Proc. SPIE, Visual Communications and Image
Processing-96, pp..579-590, Orlando, Mar.1996.
[8] A. Said, and W.A.Pearlman, "A new fast and efficient image codec
based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees", IEEE Trans. on Circuits
and Systems for Video Technology, vol.6, no.3, pp.243-250, Jun. 1996.
[9] S.A.Martucci, I.Sodagar, T.H.Chiang, and Y.O.Zhang, "A Zerotree
wavelet coder", IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video
Technology, vol.7, no.1, pp.109-118, Feb.1997.
[10] J.LI, P.Cheng, and C.Kuo, "On the improvement of embedded Zerotree
wavelet coding", Proc. SPIE, Visual Communications and Image
Processing, pp.1490-1501, Orlando, Apr.1995.
[11] S.Joo, H.Kikuchi, S.Sasaki, and J.Shim, "Flexible Zerotree coding of
Wavelet coefficients", IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, vol.E82-A, no.4,
Apr. 1999.
[12] Beong-Jo Kim, and W.A.Pearlman, "An embedded vodeo coder using
three-dimensional set portioning in hierarchical trees", Proc. DCC-97,
IEEE Data Compression Conference, pp.251-260, Snowbird, UT,
Mar.1977.
[13] M.Jér├┤me, and N.Ellouze, "Optimal Image Coding based on Probability
Distribution of Embedded Zerotree Wavelet Symbols", Proc. Tunisian-
German Conference on Smart Systems and Devices, pp.666-671,
Hammamet, Tunisia, Mar.27-30 2001.
[14] M.Jér├┤me, and N.Ellouze, "Very Low Bit Rate Coding of Image
Sequence using Embedded Zerotree Wavelet and Symbols Probability
Distributions", Proc. IEEE International Conference on Information,
Communications and Signal Processing, Singapore Oct.15-18 , 2001.
[15] M.Jér├┤me, and N.Ellouze, "Embedded Zerotree Wavelet Coding of
Image Sequence", Proc. International Conference on Wavelet Analysis
and Its Applications, Springer Publisher, Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, vol.2251, ISBN 3-540-43034-2, pp.65-75, Hong Kong, Dec.18-
20, 2001.
[16] M.Jér├┤me, "Compression d-Images par Ondelettes", PhD Thesis, Ecole
Nationale d-Ingénieurs de Tunis, Jul. 2002.
[17] M.Jér├┤me, and N.Ellouze, "Wavelet Coefficients Quantization by
Embedded Zerotree Wavelet Algorithm", Proc. International Conference
IEEE-SMC, ACIDCA-2000, pp.1-5, Mar.22-24, Monastir, Tunisia,
2000.
[18] M.Antoni, M.Baraud, P.Mathieu, and I.Daubechies, "Image Coding
using wavelet transform", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, vol.11,
no.2, pp.205-220, Apr.1992.
[19] C.Christopoulos, A.Skodras, and T.Ebrahimi, "The JPEG-2000 Still
Image Coding System: An overview", IEEE Trans. on Consumers
Electronics, vol.46, no.4, pp.1103-1127, Nov. 2000
[20] M.D.Adams, "The JPEG-2000 Still Image Compression Standard",
Review of JPEG Work Group document WG1N1734, Jun 30, 2001.
[21] D.Lee, "JPEG2000: Retrospective and New Developments", Proc.
IEEE, vol.93, no.1, pp.32-41, Jan.2005.
[22] M.Vitterli, B.Belzer, and J.Liao, "Wavelet and subband coding",
Prentice Hall, 1995.
[23] J.D.Villasenor, B.Belzer and J.Liao, "Wavelet Filter Evaluation for
Image Compression", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, vol.4, no.8,
Aug.1995.
[24] E.Asbun, P.Salama, and E.J.Delp, "A Rate-Distorsion Approach to
Wavelet-Based Encoding of Predicyive Error Frames", Proc.
International Conference on Image Procesing, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Sept.10-13, 2000.
[25] M.Saenz, R.Oktem, K.Egiazarian, and E.J.Delp, "Color Image Wavelet
Compression Using Vector Morphology", Proc. of the European Signal
Processing Conference, Tampere, Finland, Sept.5-8, 2000.
[26] Y.Wang, S.Cui and J.E Fowler, "3D Video Coding Using Redundant
Wavelet Multihypothesis and Motion Compensation Temporal
Filtering", Proc. International Conference on Image Processing, vol.2,
pp.755-758, Barcelona, Spain, Sept. 2003.
[27] S.Cui, Y.Wang and J.E.Fowler, "Multihypothesis Motion Compensation
in the Redundant Wavelet Domain", Proc. International Conference of
Image Processing, pp.53-56, Barcelona, Spain, Sept. 2003.
[28] S.Cui, Y.Wang, and J.E.Fowler, "Mesh-Based Motion Estimation and
Compensation in the Wavelet Domain Using Redundant Wavelet
Transform", Proc. International Conference of Image Processing,
pp.693-696, Rochester, NY, Sept.2002.
[29] M.Jér├┤me, and N.Ellouze, "Optimal Image Compression Based on Sign
and Magnitude Coding of Wavelet Coefficients", International Journal
of Signal Processing, vol.3, no.4, pp.243-251, 2006, ISSN 1304-4478.
[1] ITU-T. -Recommandation H263: video coding for low bit rate
communication, version 1, Nov.1995, version 2, (H.263+), Jan.1998,
version 3, (H.263++), Nov. 2000.
[2] Special Issue on the H.264/AVC Video Coding Standard, IEEE Trans.
Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, vol.13, no.7, Jul.2003.
[3] T.Sikora, "Trends and Perspectives on Image and Video Coding",
Invited paper, Jan.2005.
[4] J.M. Shapiro,"Embedded image coding using Zerotree of wavelet
coefficients", IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, vol.41, no.12, pp.3445-
3462, Dec.1993.
[5] S.Mallat, "A theory for multi-resolution signal decomposition: the
wavelet representation", IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine
Intelligence, vol.11, pp.674-693, Jul. 1989.
[6] Y.Chen, and W.A.Pearlman, "Three-dimensional subband coding of
video using zerotree method", Proc. SPIE, Visual Communications and
Image Processing, pp.1302-1309, Orlando, Mar.1996.
[7] J.Luo, X.Wang, C.W.Chen and K.J.Parker, "Volumetric medical image
compression with three-dimensional wavelet transform and octave
zerotree coding", Proc. SPIE, Visual Communications and Image
Processing-96, pp..579-590, Orlando, Mar.1996.
[8] A. Said, and W.A.Pearlman, "A new fast and efficient image codec
based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees", IEEE Trans. on Circuits
and Systems for Video Technology, vol.6, no.3, pp.243-250, Jun. 1996.
[9] S.A.Martucci, I.Sodagar, T.H.Chiang, and Y.O.Zhang, "A Zerotree
wavelet coder", IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video
Technology, vol.7, no.1, pp.109-118, Feb.1997.
[10] J.LI, P.Cheng, and C.Kuo, "On the improvement of embedded Zerotree
wavelet coding", Proc. SPIE, Visual Communications and Image
Processing, pp.1490-1501, Orlando, Apr.1995.
[11] S.Joo, H.Kikuchi, S.Sasaki, and J.Shim, "Flexible Zerotree coding of
Wavelet coefficients", IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, vol.E82-A, no.4,
Apr. 1999.
[12] Beong-Jo Kim, and W.A.Pearlman, "An embedded vodeo coder using
three-dimensional set portioning in hierarchical trees", Proc. DCC-97,
IEEE Data Compression Conference, pp.251-260, Snowbird, UT,
Mar.1977.
[13] M.Jér├┤me, and N.Ellouze, "Optimal Image Coding based on Probability
Distribution of Embedded Zerotree Wavelet Symbols", Proc. Tunisian-
German Conference on Smart Systems and Devices, pp.666-671,
Hammamet, Tunisia, Mar.27-30 2001.
[14] M.Jér├┤me, and N.Ellouze, "Very Low Bit Rate Coding of Image
Sequence using Embedded Zerotree Wavelet and Symbols Probability
Distributions", Proc. IEEE International Conference on Information,
Communications and Signal Processing, Singapore Oct.15-18 , 2001.
[15] M.Jér├┤me, and N.Ellouze, "Embedded Zerotree Wavelet Coding of
Image Sequence", Proc. International Conference on Wavelet Analysis
and Its Applications, Springer Publisher, Lecture Notes in Computer
Science, vol.2251, ISBN 3-540-43034-2, pp.65-75, Hong Kong, Dec.18-
20, 2001.
[16] M.Jér├┤me, "Compression d-Images par Ondelettes", PhD Thesis, Ecole
Nationale d-Ingénieurs de Tunis, Jul. 2002.
[17] M.Jér├┤me, and N.Ellouze, "Wavelet Coefficients Quantization by
Embedded Zerotree Wavelet Algorithm", Proc. International Conference
IEEE-SMC, ACIDCA-2000, pp.1-5, Mar.22-24, Monastir, Tunisia,
2000.
[18] M.Antoni, M.Baraud, P.Mathieu, and I.Daubechies, "Image Coding
using wavelet transform", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, vol.11,
no.2, pp.205-220, Apr.1992.
[19] C.Christopoulos, A.Skodras, and T.Ebrahimi, "The JPEG-2000 Still
Image Coding System: An overview", IEEE Trans. on Consumers
Electronics, vol.46, no.4, pp.1103-1127, Nov. 2000
[20] M.D.Adams, "The JPEG-2000 Still Image Compression Standard",
Review of JPEG Work Group document WG1N1734, Jun 30, 2001.
[21] D.Lee, "JPEG2000: Retrospective and New Developments", Proc.
IEEE, vol.93, no.1, pp.32-41, Jan.2005.
[22] M.Vitterli, B.Belzer, and J.Liao, "Wavelet and subband coding",
Prentice Hall, 1995.
[23] J.D.Villasenor, B.Belzer and J.Liao, "Wavelet Filter Evaluation for
Image Compression", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, vol.4, no.8,
Aug.1995.
[24] E.Asbun, P.Salama, and E.J.Delp, "A Rate-Distorsion Approach to
Wavelet-Based Encoding of Predicyive Error Frames", Proc.
International Conference on Image Procesing, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Sept.10-13, 2000.
[25] M.Saenz, R.Oktem, K.Egiazarian, and E.J.Delp, "Color Image Wavelet
Compression Using Vector Morphology", Proc. of the European Signal
Processing Conference, Tampere, Finland, Sept.5-8, 2000.
[26] Y.Wang, S.Cui and J.E Fowler, "3D Video Coding Using Redundant
Wavelet Multihypothesis and Motion Compensation Temporal
Filtering", Proc. International Conference on Image Processing, vol.2,
pp.755-758, Barcelona, Spain, Sept. 2003.
[27] S.Cui, Y.Wang and J.E.Fowler, "Multihypothesis Motion Compensation
in the Redundant Wavelet Domain", Proc. International Conference of
Image Processing, pp.53-56, Barcelona, Spain, Sept. 2003.
[28] S.Cui, Y.Wang, and J.E.Fowler, "Mesh-Based Motion Estimation and
Compensation in the Wavelet Domain Using Redundant Wavelet
Transform", Proc. International Conference of Image Processing,
pp.693-696, Rochester, NY, Sept.2002.
[29] M.Jér├┤me, and N.Ellouze, "Optimal Image Compression Based on Sign
and Magnitude Coding of Wavelet Coefficients", International Journal
of Signal Processing, vol.3, no.4, pp.243-251, 2006, ISSN 1304-4478.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:51796", author = "Mbainaibeye Jérôme and Noureddine Ellouze", title = "Effect of Scene Changing on Image Sequences Compression Using Zero Tree Coding", abstract = "We study in this paper the effect of the scene
changing on image sequences coding system using Embedded
Zerotree Wavelet (EZW). The scene changing considered here is the
full motion which may occurs. A special image sequence is generated
where the scene changing occurs randomly. Two scenarios are
considered: In the first scenario, the system must provide the
reconstruction quality as best as possible by the management of the
bit rate (BR) while the scene changing occurs. In the second scenario,
the system must keep the bit rate as constant as possible by the
management of the reconstruction quality. The first scenario may be
motivated by the availability of a large band pass transmission
channel where an increase of the bit rate may be possible to keep the
reconstruction quality up to a given threshold. The second scenario
may be concerned by the narrow band pass transmission channel
where an increase of the bit rate is not possible. In this last case,
applications for which the reconstruction quality is not a constraint
may be considered. The simulations are performed with five scales
wavelet decomposition using the 9/7-tap filter bank biorthogonal
wavelet. The entropy coding is performed using a specific defined
binary code book and EZW algorithm. Experimental results are
presented and compared to LEAD H263 EVAL. It is shown that if
the reconstruction quality is the constraint, the system increases the
bit rate to obtain the required quality. In the case where the bit rate
must be constant, the system is unable to provide the required quality
if the scene change occurs; however, the system is able to improve
the quality while the scene changing disappears.", keywords = "Image Sequence Compression, Wavelet Transform,
Scene Changing, Zero Tree, Bit Rate, Quality.", volume = "2", number = "11", pages = "2468-8", }
