Air infiltration in mass scale industrial applications of
bio char production is inevitable. The presence of oxygen during the
carbonization process is detrimental to the production of biochar yield
and properties. The experiment was carried out on several wood
species in a fixed-bed pyrolyser under various fractions of oxygen
ranging from 0% to 11% by varying nitrogen and oxygen composition
in the pyrolysing gas mixtures at desired compositions. The bed
temperature and holding time were also varied. Process optimization
was carried out by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by
employing Central Composite Design (CCD) using Design Expert 6.0
Software. The effect of oxygen ratio and holding time on biochar yield
within the range studied were statistically significant. From the
analysis result, optimum condition of 15.2% biochar yield of
mangrove wood was predicted at pyrolysis temperature of 403 oC,
oxygen percentage of 2.3% and holding time of two hours. This
prediction agreed well with the experiment finding of 15.1% biochar
yield.
[1] S. Katyal, K. Thambimuthu, and M. Valix, "Carbonisation of bagasse in
a fixed bed reactor: influence of process variables on char yield and
characteristics," Renewable Energy, vol. 28, pp. 713-725, 2003.
[2] A. Demirbas, "Effect of temperature on pyrolysis products from four nut
shells," Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 76, pp.
285-289, 2006.
[3] K. Karhu, T. Mattila, I. Bergström, and K. Regina, "Biochar addition to
agricultural soil increased CH4 uptake and water holding capacity -
Results from a short-term pilot field study," Agriculture, Ecosystems &
Environment, vol. 140, pp. 309-313, 2011.
[4] E. W. Bruun, H. Hauggaard-Nielsen, N. Ibrahim, H. Egsgaard, P.
Ambus, P. A. Jensen, and K. Dam-Johansen, "Influence of fast pyrolysis
temperature on biochar labile fraction and short-term carbon loss in a
loamy soil," Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 35, pp. 1182-1189, 2011.
[5] E. W. Bruun, P. Ambus, H. Egsgaard, and H. Hauggaard-Nielsen,
"Effects of slow and fast pyrolysis biochar on soil C and N turnover
dynamics," Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 46, pp. 73-79, 2012.
[6] A. C. Lua, F. Y. Lau, and J. Guo, "Influence of pyrolysis conditions on
pore development of oil-palm-shell activated carbons," Journal of
Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 76, pp. 96-102, 2006.
[7] S. H. Beis, Ö. Onay, and Ö. M. Koçkar, "Fixed-bed pyrolysis of
safflower seed: influence of pyrolysis parameters on product yields and
compositions," Renewable Energy, vol. 26, pp. 21-32, 2002.
[8] W. Li, K. Yang, J. Peng, L. Zhang, S. Guo, and H. Xia, "Effects of
carbonization temperatures on characteristics of porosity in coconut
shell chars and activated carbons derived from carbonized coconut shell
chars," Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 28, pp. 190-198, 2008.
[9] M. Guerrero, M. P. Ruiz, M. U. Alzueta, R. Bilbao, and A. Millera,
"Pyrolysis of eucalyptus at different heating rates: studies of char
characterization and oxidative reactivity," Journal of Analytical and
Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 74, pp. 307-314, 2005.
[10] A. Chouchene, M. Jeguirim, B. Khiari, F. Zagrouba, and G. Trouvé,
"Thermal degradation of olive solid waste: Influence of particle size and
oxygen concentration," Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol.
54, pp. 271-277, 2010.
[11] "Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke," ed:
ASTM International, 1999.
[12] "Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke," ed:
ASTM International, 1997.
[13] "Standard Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke," ed: ASTM
International, 1997.
[14] K. M. Isa, S. Daud, N. Hamidin, K. Ismail, S. A. Saad, and F. H. Kasim,
"Thermogravimetric analysis and the optimisation of bio-oil yield from
fixed-bed pyrolysis of rice husk using response surface methodology
(RSM)," Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 33, pp. 481-487, 2011.
[15] M. K. Hossain, V. Strezov, K. Y. Chan, A. Ziolkowski, and P. F.
Nelson, "Influence of pyrolysis temperature on production and nutrient
properties of wastewater sludge biochar," Journal of Environmental
Management, vol. 92, pp. 223-228, 2011.
[16] A. Demirbas, "Effects of temperature and particle size on bio-char yield
from pyrolysis of agricultural residues," Journal of Analytical and
Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 72, pp. 243-248, 2004.
[17] P. T. Williams and S. Besler, "The influence of temperature and heating
rate on the slow pyrolysis of biomass," Renewable Energy, vol. 7, pp.
233-250, 1996.
[18] J. Wannapeera, B. Fungtammasan, and N. Worasuwannarak, "Effects of
temperature and holding time during torrefaction on the pyrolysis
behaviors of woody biomass," Journal of Analytical and Applied
Pyrolysis, vol. 92, pp. 99-105, 2011.
[1] S. Katyal, K. Thambimuthu, and M. Valix, "Carbonisation of bagasse in
a fixed bed reactor: influence of process variables on char yield and
characteristics," Renewable Energy, vol. 28, pp. 713-725, 2003.
[2] A. Demirbas, "Effect of temperature on pyrolysis products from four nut
shells," Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 76, pp.
285-289, 2006.
[3] K. Karhu, T. Mattila, I. Bergström, and K. Regina, "Biochar addition to
agricultural soil increased CH4 uptake and water holding capacity -
Results from a short-term pilot field study," Agriculture, Ecosystems &
Environment, vol. 140, pp. 309-313, 2011.
[4] E. W. Bruun, H. Hauggaard-Nielsen, N. Ibrahim, H. Egsgaard, P.
Ambus, P. A. Jensen, and K. Dam-Johansen, "Influence of fast pyrolysis
temperature on biochar labile fraction and short-term carbon loss in a
loamy soil," Biomass and Bioenergy, vol. 35, pp. 1182-1189, 2011.
[5] E. W. Bruun, P. Ambus, H. Egsgaard, and H. Hauggaard-Nielsen,
"Effects of slow and fast pyrolysis biochar on soil C and N turnover
dynamics," Soil Biology and Biochemistry, vol. 46, pp. 73-79, 2012.
[6] A. C. Lua, F. Y. Lau, and J. Guo, "Influence of pyrolysis conditions on
pore development of oil-palm-shell activated carbons," Journal of
Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 76, pp. 96-102, 2006.
[7] S. H. Beis, Ö. Onay, and Ö. M. Koçkar, "Fixed-bed pyrolysis of
safflower seed: influence of pyrolysis parameters on product yields and
compositions," Renewable Energy, vol. 26, pp. 21-32, 2002.
[8] W. Li, K. Yang, J. Peng, L. Zhang, S. Guo, and H. Xia, "Effects of
carbonization temperatures on characteristics of porosity in coconut
shell chars and activated carbons derived from carbonized coconut shell
chars," Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 28, pp. 190-198, 2008.
[9] M. Guerrero, M. P. Ruiz, M. U. Alzueta, R. Bilbao, and A. Millera,
"Pyrolysis of eucalyptus at different heating rates: studies of char
characterization and oxidative reactivity," Journal of Analytical and
Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 74, pp. 307-314, 2005.
[10] A. Chouchene, M. Jeguirim, B. Khiari, F. Zagrouba, and G. Trouvé,
"Thermal degradation of olive solid waste: Influence of particle size and
oxygen concentration," Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol.
54, pp. 271-277, 2010.
[11] "Standard Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke," ed:
ASTM International, 1999.
[12] "Standard Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and Coke," ed:
ASTM International, 1997.
[13] "Standard Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and Coke," ed: ASTM
International, 1997.
[14] K. M. Isa, S. Daud, N. Hamidin, K. Ismail, S. A. Saad, and F. H. Kasim,
"Thermogravimetric analysis and the optimisation of bio-oil yield from
fixed-bed pyrolysis of rice husk using response surface methodology
(RSM)," Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 33, pp. 481-487, 2011.
[15] M. K. Hossain, V. Strezov, K. Y. Chan, A. Ziolkowski, and P. F.
Nelson, "Influence of pyrolysis temperature on production and nutrient
properties of wastewater sludge biochar," Journal of Environmental
Management, vol. 92, pp. 223-228, 2011.
[16] A. Demirbas, "Effects of temperature and particle size on bio-char yield
from pyrolysis of agricultural residues," Journal of Analytical and
Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 72, pp. 243-248, 2004.
[17] P. T. Williams and S. Besler, "The influence of temperature and heating
rate on the slow pyrolysis of biomass," Renewable Energy, vol. 7, pp.
233-250, 1996.
[18] J. Wannapeera, B. Fungtammasan, and N. Worasuwannarak, "Effects of
temperature and holding time during torrefaction on the pyrolysis
behaviors of woody biomass," Journal of Analytical and Applied
Pyrolysis, vol. 92, pp. 99-105, 2011.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:59373", author = "Ramlan Zailani and Halim Ghafar and Mohamad Sofian So'aib", title = "Effect of Oxygen on Biochar Yield and Properties", abstract = "Air infiltration in mass scale industrial applications of
bio char production is inevitable. The presence of oxygen during the
carbonization process is detrimental to the production of biochar yield
and properties. The experiment was carried out on several wood
species in a fixed-bed pyrolyser under various fractions of oxygen
ranging from 0% to 11% by varying nitrogen and oxygen composition
in the pyrolysing gas mixtures at desired compositions. The bed
temperature and holding time were also varied. Process optimization
was carried out by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by
employing Central Composite Design (CCD) using Design Expert 6.0
Software. The effect of oxygen ratio and holding time on biochar yield
within the range studied were statistically significant. From the
analysis result, optimum condition of 15.2% biochar yield of
mangrove wood was predicted at pyrolysis temperature of 403 oC,
oxygen percentage of 2.3% and holding time of two hours. This
prediction agreed well with the experiment finding of 15.1% biochar
yield.", keywords = "Mangrove wood, slow pyrolysis, oxygen infiltration.", volume = "7", number = "1", pages = "82-5", }
