Effect of Nanoparticle Diameter of Nano-Fluid on Average Nusselt Number in the Chamber
In this numerical study, effects of using Al2O3-water
nanofluid on the rate of heat transfer have been investigated. Physical
model is a square enclosure with insulated top and bottom horizontal
walls, while the vertical walls are kept at different constant
temperatures. Two appropriate models are used to evaluate the
viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluid. The governing
stream-vorticity equations are solved using a second order central
finite difference scheme, coupled to the conservation of mass and
energy. The study has been carried out for the nanoparticle diameter
30, 60 and 90 nm and the solid volume fraction 0 to 0.04. Results are
presented by average Nusselt number and normalized Nusselt number
in different range of φ and D for mixed convection dominated
regime. It is found that different heat transfer rate is predicted when
the effect of nanoparticle diameter is taken into account.
[1] Choi S.U.S (1995) Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with
Nanoparticles. ASME Fluids Engineering Division 231: 99–105.
[2] Eastman JA, Choi SUS, Li S, Yu W, Thompson W (2001) Anomalously
Increased Effective Thermal Conductivities of Ethylene Glycol-Based
Nano-Fluids Containing Copper Nanoparticles. Appl Phys Lett 78:718.
[3] Kakac S, Pramuanjaroenkij A (2009) Review of Convective Heat
Transfer Enhancement with Nano-Fluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf 52:
3187–3196.
[4] Saidur R, Leong K.Y, Mohammad H.A (2011) A Review on
Applications and Challenges of Nano-Fluids. Renew Sustain Energy
Rev 15: 1646–1668.
[5] Oztop H.F, Abu-Nada, E (2008) Numerical Study of Natural Convection
in Partially Heated Rectangular Enclosures Filled with Nano-Fluids. Int
J Heat Fluid Flow 29: 1326–1336.
[6] Sheikhzadeh G. A, Hajialigol N, Ebrahim Qomi M, Fattahi A (2012)
Laminar Mixed Convection of Cu-Water Nano-Fluid in Two Sided Lid-
Driven Enclosures. J nanostructure 1: 44-53.
[7] Oztop H.F, Mobedi M, Abu-Nada E, Pop I (2012) A Heat Line Analysis
of Natural Convection in a Square Inclined Enclosure Filled with a CuO
Nano-Fluid under Non-Uniform Wall Heating Condition. Int J Heat
Mass Transf 55:5076–5086.
[8] Chamkha A.J, Abu-Nada E (2012) Mixed convection flow in single and
double-lid driven square cavities filled with water–Al2O3 nanofluid:
effect of viscosity models. Eur J Mech B Fluids 36:82–96.
[9] Maxwell-Garnett J.C (1904) Colours in Metal Glasses and in Metallic
Films, Philos Trans R Soc A 203: 385–420.
[10] Abu-Nada E. (2009). Effects of Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of
Al2O3–Water Nano-Fluid on Heat Transfer Enhancement in Natural
Convection. Int J Heat Fluid Flow, 30: 679–690.
[11] Chon C.H, Kihm K.D, Lee S.P, Choi S (2005) Empirical Correlation
Finding the Role of Temperature and Particle Size for Nano-Fluid
(Al2O3) Thermal Conductivity Enhancement. Appl Phys Lett 87 (15):
153107-1-3.
[12] Abu-Nada E, Masoud Z, Oztop H.F, Campo A (2010) Effect of Nano-
Fluid Variable Properties on Natural Convection in Enclosures. Int J
Therm Sci 49: 479–491.
[13] Terekhov V. I., Kalinina S. V, Lemanov V. V. (2010). The Mechanism
of Heat Transfer in Nano-Fluids: State of the Art (Review). Part 2.
Convective Heat Transfer. Thermophysics and Aeromechanics 17(2):
157-171.
[14] Sheikhzadeh, G.A, Ebrahim Qomi M, Hajialigol N, Fattahi A (2012)
Numerical Study of Mixed Convection Flows in a Lid-Driven Enclosure
Filled with Nano-Fluid Using Variable Properties. Results in Physics 2:
5–13.
[15] Ghafouri A, Falavand Jozaei A, Salari M (2015) Numerical Evaluation
of Nusselt Number on the Hot Wall in Square Enclosure Filled with
Nano-Fluid. International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial
and Mechatronics Engineering 9(2): 354–358.
[16] Pourmahmoud N, Ghafouri A, Mirzaee I (2013) Numerical Study of
Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in Lid-Driven Cavity Using Nano-
Fluid; Effect of Type and Model of Nano-Fluid. J Therm Sci, doi:
10.2298/TSCI120718053P.
[17] Pourmahmoud N, Ghafouri A, Mirzaee I (2014) Numerical Comparison
of Viscosity Models on Mixed Convection in Double Lid-Driven Cavity
Utilized CuO-Water Nano-Fluid. J. Therm. Sci, doi:
10.2298/TSCI130309048P.
[18] Masoumi N, Sohrabi N, Behzadmehr A, (2009) A New Model for
Calculating the Effective Viscosity of Nano-Fluids, J Phys D: Appl.
Phys 42 055501.
[19] Chon C. H, Kihm K.D, Lee S. P, Choi S. U. S (2005) Empirical
Correlation Finding the Role of Temperature and Particle Size for Nano-
Fluid (Al2O3) Thermal Conductivity Enhancement. Appl Phys Lett 87:
153107.
[20] Angue Minsta H., Roy G., Nguyen C. T., Doucet D. (2008) New
Temperature and Conductivity Data for Water- Based Nano-Fluids. Int J
Therm. Sci. 48 (2): 363–373.
[21] Khanafer K, Vafai K, Lightstone M (2003) Buoyancy-Driven Heat
Transfer Enhancement in a Two-Dimensional Enclosure Utilizing Nano-
Fluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf 46: 3639–3653.
[22] Fusegi T, Hyun J. M, Kuwahara K, Farouk B (1991) A Numerical Study
of Three Dimensional Natural Convection in a Differentially Heated
Cubical Enclosure. Int J Heat Mass Transf 34: 1543–1557.
[23] Markatos N. C, Pericleous K. A (1984) Laminar and Turbulent Natural
Convection in an Enclosed Cavity. Int J Heat Mass Transf 27: 772–775.
[1] Choi S.U.S (1995) Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with
Nanoparticles. ASME Fluids Engineering Division 231: 99–105.
[2] Eastman JA, Choi SUS, Li S, Yu W, Thompson W (2001) Anomalously
Increased Effective Thermal Conductivities of Ethylene Glycol-Based
Nano-Fluids Containing Copper Nanoparticles. Appl Phys Lett 78:718.
[3] Kakac S, Pramuanjaroenkij A (2009) Review of Convective Heat
Transfer Enhancement with Nano-Fluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf 52:
3187–3196.
[4] Saidur R, Leong K.Y, Mohammad H.A (2011) A Review on
Applications and Challenges of Nano-Fluids. Renew Sustain Energy
Rev 15: 1646–1668.
[5] Oztop H.F, Abu-Nada, E (2008) Numerical Study of Natural Convection
in Partially Heated Rectangular Enclosures Filled with Nano-Fluids. Int
J Heat Fluid Flow 29: 1326–1336.
[6] Sheikhzadeh G. A, Hajialigol N, Ebrahim Qomi M, Fattahi A (2012)
Laminar Mixed Convection of Cu-Water Nano-Fluid in Two Sided Lid-
Driven Enclosures. J nanostructure 1: 44-53.
[7] Oztop H.F, Mobedi M, Abu-Nada E, Pop I (2012) A Heat Line Analysis
of Natural Convection in a Square Inclined Enclosure Filled with a CuO
Nano-Fluid under Non-Uniform Wall Heating Condition. Int J Heat
Mass Transf 55:5076–5086.
[8] Chamkha A.J, Abu-Nada E (2012) Mixed convection flow in single and
double-lid driven square cavities filled with water–Al2O3 nanofluid:
effect of viscosity models. Eur J Mech B Fluids 36:82–96.
[9] Maxwell-Garnett J.C (1904) Colours in Metal Glasses and in Metallic
Films, Philos Trans R Soc A 203: 385–420.
[10] Abu-Nada E. (2009). Effects of Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of
Al2O3–Water Nano-Fluid on Heat Transfer Enhancement in Natural
Convection. Int J Heat Fluid Flow, 30: 679–690.
[11] Chon C.H, Kihm K.D, Lee S.P, Choi S (2005) Empirical Correlation
Finding the Role of Temperature and Particle Size for Nano-Fluid
(Al2O3) Thermal Conductivity Enhancement. Appl Phys Lett 87 (15):
153107-1-3.
[12] Abu-Nada E, Masoud Z, Oztop H.F, Campo A (2010) Effect of Nano-
Fluid Variable Properties on Natural Convection in Enclosures. Int J
Therm Sci 49: 479–491.
[13] Terekhov V. I., Kalinina S. V, Lemanov V. V. (2010). The Mechanism
of Heat Transfer in Nano-Fluids: State of the Art (Review). Part 2.
Convective Heat Transfer. Thermophysics and Aeromechanics 17(2):
157-171.
[14] Sheikhzadeh, G.A, Ebrahim Qomi M, Hajialigol N, Fattahi A (2012)
Numerical Study of Mixed Convection Flows in a Lid-Driven Enclosure
Filled with Nano-Fluid Using Variable Properties. Results in Physics 2:
5–13.
[15] Ghafouri A, Falavand Jozaei A, Salari M (2015) Numerical Evaluation
of Nusselt Number on the Hot Wall in Square Enclosure Filled with
Nano-Fluid. International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial
and Mechatronics Engineering 9(2): 354–358.
[16] Pourmahmoud N, Ghafouri A, Mirzaee I (2013) Numerical Study of
Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in Lid-Driven Cavity Using Nano-
Fluid; Effect of Type and Model of Nano-Fluid. J Therm Sci, doi:
10.2298/TSCI120718053P.
[17] Pourmahmoud N, Ghafouri A, Mirzaee I (2014) Numerical Comparison
of Viscosity Models on Mixed Convection in Double Lid-Driven Cavity
Utilized CuO-Water Nano-Fluid. J. Therm. Sci, doi:
10.2298/TSCI130309048P.
[18] Masoumi N, Sohrabi N, Behzadmehr A, (2009) A New Model for
Calculating the Effective Viscosity of Nano-Fluids, J Phys D: Appl.
Phys 42 055501.
[19] Chon C. H, Kihm K.D, Lee S. P, Choi S. U. S (2005) Empirical
Correlation Finding the Role of Temperature and Particle Size for Nano-
Fluid (Al2O3) Thermal Conductivity Enhancement. Appl Phys Lett 87:
153107.
[20] Angue Minsta H., Roy G., Nguyen C. T., Doucet D. (2008) New
Temperature and Conductivity Data for Water- Based Nano-Fluids. Int J
Therm. Sci. 48 (2): 363–373.
[21] Khanafer K, Vafai K, Lightstone M (2003) Buoyancy-Driven Heat
Transfer Enhancement in a Two-Dimensional Enclosure Utilizing Nano-
Fluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf 46: 3639–3653.
[22] Fusegi T, Hyun J. M, Kuwahara K, Farouk B (1991) A Numerical Study
of Three Dimensional Natural Convection in a Differentially Heated
Cubical Enclosure. Int J Heat Mass Transf 34: 1543–1557.
[23] Markatos N. C, Pericleous K. A (1984) Laminar and Turbulent Natural
Convection in an Enclosed Cavity. Int J Heat Mass Transf 27: 772–775.
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:71238", author = "A. Ghafouri and N. Pourmahmoud and I. Mirzaee", title = "Effect of Nanoparticle Diameter of Nano-Fluid on Average Nusselt Number in the Chamber", abstract = "In this numerical study, effects of using Al2O3-water
nanofluid on the rate of heat transfer have been investigated. Physical
model is a square enclosure with insulated top and bottom horizontal
walls, while the vertical walls are kept at different constant
temperatures. Two appropriate models are used to evaluate the
viscosity and thermal conductivity of nanofluid. The governing
stream-vorticity equations are solved using a second order central
finite difference scheme, coupled to the conservation of mass and
energy. The study has been carried out for the nanoparticle diameter
30, 60 and 90 nm and the solid volume fraction 0 to 0.04. Results are
presented by average Nusselt number and normalized Nusselt number
in different range of φ and D for mixed convection dominated
regime. It is found that different heat transfer rate is predicted when
the effect of nanoparticle diameter is taken into account.", keywords = "Nano-fluid, nanoparticle diameter, heat transfer
enhancement, square enclosure, Nusselt number.", volume = "9", number = "10", pages = "1792-4", }
