Effect of Geum Kokanicum Total Extract on Induced Nociception and Inflammation in Male Mice

The aim of this study is evaluating the antinociceptive and anti-inflamatory activity of Geum kokanicum. After determination total extract LD50, different doses of extract were chosen for intrapritoneal injections. In inflammation test, male NMRI mice were divided into 6 groups: control (normal saline), positive control (Dexamethasone 15mg/kg), and total extract (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 gr/kg). The inflammation was produced by xyleneinduced edema. In order to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of total extract, formalin test was used. Mice were divided into 6 groups: control, positive control (morphine 10mg/kg), and 4 groups which received total extract. Then they received Formalin. The animals were observed for the reaction to pain. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison test. LD50 was 1 gr/kg. Data indicated that 0.5,0.1 and 0.2 gr/kg doses of total extract have particular antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects in a comparison with control (P<0.001). The most effective dose was 0.2 gr/kg which did not show any significant difference in a comparison with positive control. Results indicated that total extract can inhibit nociception in the first and second phase. The antinociceptive effects in high doses are the same as morphine as a strong analgesic substance. TLC chromatography indicated presence of steroids and triterpenoids in this plant. The effects of extract may be related to presence of these compounds.

Authors:

• M. Ramezani
• S. Ghaderifard
• HR. Monsef-Esfahani
• S. Nasri

Keywords:

• Anti-inflammatory
• Antinociceptive
• Geum kokanicum
• Mice.

References:

[1] O. MG. Dharmasiri, JR. Javakody, G. Galhena, SS. Livanage and WD.
Ratnasoorya. "Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of mature
fresh leaves of Vitex negundo", J Ethnopharm., vol 87, pp. 199-206,
Apr. 2003.
[2] H. Aboutorabi. Ethnopharmacology and phytochemical studies of Rouin
region plants. Pharmacology Ph.D Dissertation, No. 4247, Tehran
University, pp.134-135, 2007.
[3] MA. Faramarzi, M. Moghimi, HR Monsef-Esfahani, AR Shahverdi, S
Khodaee. "Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential
oils from Geum kokanicum". Chemistry of natural Compound, vol 44,
pp. 811-816, Nov-Dec 2008.
[4] HR. Monsef-Esfahani, ES. Aghdam, M Amini, MA Faramarzi, AR
Shahverdi AR., R Hajiaghaee. "Antimicrobial activity of total extract
and fractions of Geum Kokanicum". Journal of Medicinal Plants., vol 8,
pp. 145-151, 2009.
[5] M. Khoramizadeh, A. Shahverdi, F. Saadat, HR. Monsef-Esfahani.
"Inhibitory effect of Geum Kokanicum roots on matrix
metalloproteinases expression". Pharmaceutical Biology, vol 44, pp.
266-270, June 2006.
[6] SA. Kang, HJ. Shin, SE. Choi, KA. Yune, SJ. Lee, KH. Jang, et al.
"Anti-inflammatory activity of medical plant Geum japonicum".
Nutritional Sciences, vol 9, pp. 117-123, May 2006.
[7] DS. Antal. "Medicinal plants with antioxidant properties from Banat
region (Romania): a rich pool for the discovery of multi-target
phytochemicals active in free-radical related disorders". Fascicula
Biologie, vol 1, pp. 14-22, April 2010.
[8] G. Zbinden, M. Flury Roversi. "Significance of the LD50 test for the
toxicological evaluation of chemical substances". Arch Toxicol, 77-99,
1981.
[9] AH. Atta and A. Alkofahi, "Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory
effects of some Jordanian medical plant extracts" J of Ethnopharm., vol
60, pp. 117-124, Nov. 1998.
[10] S. Hunskaar and K. Hole, "The formalin test in mice:dissociation
between inflammatory and non-inflammatory pain", Pain, vol 30,
pp.103-114, 1987.
[11] CW. Murray, F. Porreca, A. Cowan. "Methodological refinements in the
mouse paw formalin test an animal model of tonic pain". Journal of
Pharmacological Methods, vol 20, pp. 175-186, October 1988.
[12] R. Amann, BA. Peskar. "Anti-inflammatory effects of aspirin and
sodium salicylate", Eur.J.Phamacol, vol 447, pp. 1-9, Jun 2002.
[13] HJ. Jung, JH. Nam, J. Choi, KT. Lee, HJ. Park. "19╬▒-Hydroxyursane-
Type Triterpenoids: Antinociceptive Anti-inflammatory Principles of the
Roots of Rosa rugosa", Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, vol 28,
pp. 101-104, January 2005.
[14] JAO. Ojewole. "Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic
effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Crassulaceae) leaf aqueous extract".
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol 13, pp. 13-19, May 2005.
[15] CO. Okoli, PA. Akah,. SV. Nwafor, AI. Anisiobi, IN. Ibegbunam, O.
Erojikwe. "Anti-inflammatory activity of hexane leaf extract of Aspilia
Africana C.D. Adams", Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol 109, pp.
219-225, July 2007.
[16] Y. Azuma, N. Ozason, Y. Ueda, N. Takagi. "Pharmacological studies on
the anti-inflammatory action of phenolic compounds", vol 65, pp. 53-56,
1986.
[17] AN. Daniel, MS. Saratoretto, G. Schmidt, SM. Caparroz-Assef, CA.
Bersani-Amando, RKN Cuman. "Anti-inflammatory and
antonociceptive activities of eugenol essential oil in experimental animal
models", Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy, vol 19 (1B), PP. 212-217,
Jan/Mar 2009.
[18] R. Kurian, DK. Arulmozhi, A. Veeranjaneyulu, SL. Bodhankar. "Effect
of eugenol on animal models of nociception". Indian J Pharmacol, vol
38, pp. 341-345, 2006