Effect of Depression, Self-Regulation Control and Characteristics of ADHD as the Cause of School Brawl in Jakarta, Indonesia
School brawls have taken casualties to the life of
students in Jakarta. In the last time, school brawl studies investigate
the cause with groups approach such as cognitive dissonance that
provocation and resentment among student in the schools. This
research focus on individual factors as the cause of school brawls,
where the characteristics of children with ADHD, lack of self-control
regulation, and level of depression. The results show that in fact the
lower influence of individual factor to be come conduct disorder. The
meaning students have good self-regulation control, insignificant
characteristics of children with ADHD, and moderate of depression
level. Concluded group factor more significant than individual factor
to caused school brawl.
[1] Pendidikan Kedokteran Berkelanjutan Bagian Psikiatri FKUI/RSUPNCM,
"UP DATE" Psikiatri Anak. Jakarta : Universitas Indonesia, pp. 3-
7, 2000.
[2] M. Lewis, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive
Textbook, 3rd ed, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp. 134-167, 2002.
[3] American Bar Association, Adolescent Brain Development And Legal
Culpabilit, Washington DC, pp. 1-9, 2004.
[4] E. Montoya, D. Terburg, P.A. Bos, J. van Honk, "Testosterone, cortisol,
and serotonin as key regulators of social aggression: a review and
theoretical perspective," Motivation and Emotion, (2012) 36:65-73
available at http://www.springerlink.com/content/162622nm13641483/
, 10 January 2012.
[5] M. Sheila, "Relationship of prejudice against groups and intention to
aggression behavior in vocational high schools students in Jakarta
involved brawl" (Hubungan antara prasangka terhadap kelompok dan
intensi untuk bertingkah laku agresi pada pelajar sebuah SMK di
Jakarta yang terlibat tawuran),".Jurnal Psikologi, Vol 8. No 2., pp. 1-2,
2001.
[6] B.J. Saddock, & V.A. Saddock (eds), Comprehensive textbook of
psychiatry, 8th, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philladelphia, p. 2693,
2004.
[7] Priliawito, E. & S. Ruqoyah. "A series of student brawl in Jabodetabek
Since Early 2012 (Sederet tawuran pelajar di Jabodetabek sejak awal
2012)," available at http://metro.news.viva.co.id/news/read/354946-
sederet-tawuran-pelajar-di-jabodetabek-sejak-awal-2012, 28 September
2012.
[8] W.W. Mansoer, "Student involvement in tawuran. A socialpsychological
interpretation of intergroup fighting among male high
school students in Jakarta," (unpublished doctoral dissertation), The
University of Queensland, 2000.
[9] V. Dwimadia, "The tendency of cognitive dissonance on the
perpetrators student brawls: a descriptive study on some senior high
school/ vocational highschool in Jakarta (Kecenderungan disonansi
kognitif pada pelaku tawuran pelajar : studi deskriptif pada beberapa
SMU / SMK di Jakarta), " (unpublished undergraduate thesis), Depok,
Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2001.
[10] F.M. Gresham, , K.L. Lane, & K.M. Lambros, "Comorbidity of conduct
and attention deficit hyperactivity problems: Issues of identification and
intervention with "fledgling psychopaths", " Journal of Emotional and
Behavioral Disorders, 8(2), pp. 83-93. 2000.
[11] R.A. Barkley, Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale -
Children and Adolescents (BDEFS-CA), Guilford Press, pp.138
141;153-156; 162, 2012.
[12] Poustka L, Maras A, Hohm E, Fellinger J, Holtmann M, Banaschewski
T, Lewicka S, Schmidt M.H, Esser G, Laucht M., "Negative association
between plasma cortisol levels and aggression in a high-risk community
sample of adolescents," Journal of Neural Transmission, May, 117(5),
pp.621-627, 2010.
[13] M. Mulyadi, "The protection of children in conflict with the law
(Perlindungan terhadap anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum)," Jurnal
of Equality, 2008; 13 (1) pp. 82-95.
[14] D. Saputro, ADHD (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), Jakarta,
Sagung Seto, 2009.
[15] A., Paternotte, & J. Buitelaar, ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder): attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder: signs, diagnosis,
therapy, and workarounds at home and at school (ADHD (attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder): gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan
hiperaktivitas: tanda-tanda, diagnosis, terapi, serta penangannya di
rumah dan di sekolah), (Julia Maria van Tiel, Trans.), Prenada Media
Group, Jakarta, 2010.
[16] J.D. McQuade, M. Tomb, B. Hoza, D.A. Waschbusch, E.A.Hurt, & A.J.
Vaughn,"Cognitive defectif and positive bias self-perceptions in
children with ADHD," Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39,
pp.307-319, 2011.
[17] V.I. Douglas,"Cognitive deficit in children with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder: a long term follow-up," Canadian
Psychology/Psychologie cannadienne, 46, 1, pp.23-31, 2005.
[18] R.A. Barkley,"Behavioral Inhibition, Sustained Attention, and Executive
Functions:Constructing a Unifying Theory of ADHD", Psychological
Bulletin, 121(1), pp.65-94, 1997.
[19] K. Shiels, & L.W. Hawk Jr., "Self-regulation in ADHD: the role of error
processing", Clinical Psychology Review, 30, pp.951-961, 2010.
[20] H. Lee Swanson., J. Mink , & K.M. Bocian," Cognitive processing
deficit in poor readers with symtomp of reading disabilities and ADHD:
more a like than different?", Journal Educational Psychology, 91(2),
pp. 321-333, 1999.
[21] A. Popma, T. A. H. Doreleijers, L. M. C. Jansen, S.H.M. Van Goozen, ,
H. Van Engeland, & R. Vermeiren, "The Diurnal Cortisol Cycle In
Delinquent Male Adolescents And Normal Controls", Journal of
Neuropharmacology, 32 (7), pp.1622-1628, 2007.
[22] B.L. Hankin, L.S. Badanes, J.R.Z. Abela, & S.E. Watamura,
"Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis dysregulation in dysphoric children
and adolescents: Cortisol reactivity to psychosocial stress from
preschool through middle adolescence," Biological Psychiatry,
September 1; 68(5), pp. 484-490, 2010.
[23] Yayasan SEJIWA, Plan Indonesia, "Research regarding violence in
schools (Penelitian mengenai kekerasan di sekolah)", available at
http://sejiwa.org/penelitian-mengenai-kekerasan-di-sekolah-2008/ , 21
April 2010.
[24] ACT for Youth Upstate center of Excellence,"Adolescent Brain
Development", Canada, pp.1-4, 2002.
[25] Head of Child Social Protection House, Personal interview, Mei 2011
[26] M. Olsson, , "DSM Diagnosis Of Conduct Disorder-A review", Nord.
Journal of Psychiatry, 63, pp.102-112, 2009.
[27] R. Assegaf, Nonviolence education typology conditions cases and
concepts (Pendidikan Tanpa Kekerasan Tipologi Kondisi Kasus dan
Konsep), Tiara Wacana Yogya, Yogyakarta, p. 275, 2004.
[28] I.A. Saleh, Student brawl endless social facts in Jakarta (Tawuran
Pelajar Fakta Sosial Yang Tak Berkesudahan di Jakarta), IRCISOD,
Jogjakarta, pp.141-160, 2004.
[29] S. Pramono, Geng school (Geng sekolah), Bakti, p. 4, 2009.
[30] E. Mei Amelia R., "Brawl, junior student killed in Kemayoran (Tawuran,
pelajar SMP tewas di Kemayoran)". Detiknews, available at
http://www.detiknews.com/read/2011/09/13/165946/1721570/10/tawura
n-pelajar-smp-tewas-di-kemayoran?n991103605, 13 September 2011.
[31] M. Rutter, & E. Taylor, Child and adolescent psychiatry, 4th, Blackwell
Science, Oxford, pp.419-436, 2006.
[1] Pendidikan Kedokteran Berkelanjutan Bagian Psikiatri FKUI/RSUPNCM,
"UP DATE" Psikiatri Anak. Jakarta : Universitas Indonesia, pp. 3-
7, 2000.
[2] M. Lewis, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Comprehensive
Textbook, 3rd ed, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp. 134-167, 2002.
[3] American Bar Association, Adolescent Brain Development And Legal
Culpabilit, Washington DC, pp. 1-9, 2004.
[4] E. Montoya, D. Terburg, P.A. Bos, J. van Honk, "Testosterone, cortisol,
and serotonin as key regulators of social aggression: a review and
theoretical perspective," Motivation and Emotion, (2012) 36:65-73
available at http://www.springerlink.com/content/162622nm13641483/
, 10 January 2012.
[5] M. Sheila, "Relationship of prejudice against groups and intention to
aggression behavior in vocational high schools students in Jakarta
involved brawl" (Hubungan antara prasangka terhadap kelompok dan
intensi untuk bertingkah laku agresi pada pelajar sebuah SMK di
Jakarta yang terlibat tawuran),".Jurnal Psikologi, Vol 8. No 2., pp. 1-2,
2001.
[6] B.J. Saddock, & V.A. Saddock (eds), Comprehensive textbook of
psychiatry, 8th, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philladelphia, p. 2693,
2004.
[7] Priliawito, E. & S. Ruqoyah. "A series of student brawl in Jabodetabek
Since Early 2012 (Sederet tawuran pelajar di Jabodetabek sejak awal
2012)," available at http://metro.news.viva.co.id/news/read/354946-
sederet-tawuran-pelajar-di-jabodetabek-sejak-awal-2012, 28 September
2012.
[8] W.W. Mansoer, "Student involvement in tawuran. A socialpsychological
interpretation of intergroup fighting among male high
school students in Jakarta," (unpublished doctoral dissertation), The
University of Queensland, 2000.
[9] V. Dwimadia, "The tendency of cognitive dissonance on the
perpetrators student brawls: a descriptive study on some senior high
school/ vocational highschool in Jakarta (Kecenderungan disonansi
kognitif pada pelaku tawuran pelajar : studi deskriptif pada beberapa
SMU / SMK di Jakarta), " (unpublished undergraduate thesis), Depok,
Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2001.
[10] F.M. Gresham, , K.L. Lane, & K.M. Lambros, "Comorbidity of conduct
and attention deficit hyperactivity problems: Issues of identification and
intervention with "fledgling psychopaths", " Journal of Emotional and
Behavioral Disorders, 8(2), pp. 83-93. 2000.
[11] R.A. Barkley, Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale -
Children and Adolescents (BDEFS-CA), Guilford Press, pp.138
141;153-156; 162, 2012.
[12] Poustka L, Maras A, Hohm E, Fellinger J, Holtmann M, Banaschewski
T, Lewicka S, Schmidt M.H, Esser G, Laucht M., "Negative association
between plasma cortisol levels and aggression in a high-risk community
sample of adolescents," Journal of Neural Transmission, May, 117(5),
pp.621-627, 2010.
[13] M. Mulyadi, "The protection of children in conflict with the law
(Perlindungan terhadap anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum)," Jurnal
of Equality, 2008; 13 (1) pp. 82-95.
[14] D. Saputro, ADHD (Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), Jakarta,
Sagung Seto, 2009.
[15] A., Paternotte, & J. Buitelaar, ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder): attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder: signs, diagnosis,
therapy, and workarounds at home and at school (ADHD (attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder): gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan
hiperaktivitas: tanda-tanda, diagnosis, terapi, serta penangannya di
rumah dan di sekolah), (Julia Maria van Tiel, Trans.), Prenada Media
Group, Jakarta, 2010.
[16] J.D. McQuade, M. Tomb, B. Hoza, D.A. Waschbusch, E.A.Hurt, & A.J.
Vaughn,"Cognitive defectif and positive bias self-perceptions in
children with ADHD," Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39,
pp.307-319, 2011.
[17] V.I. Douglas,"Cognitive deficit in children with attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder: a long term follow-up," Canadian
Psychology/Psychologie cannadienne, 46, 1, pp.23-31, 2005.
[18] R.A. Barkley,"Behavioral Inhibition, Sustained Attention, and Executive
Functions:Constructing a Unifying Theory of ADHD", Psychological
Bulletin, 121(1), pp.65-94, 1997.
[19] K. Shiels, & L.W. Hawk Jr., "Self-regulation in ADHD: the role of error
processing", Clinical Psychology Review, 30, pp.951-961, 2010.
[20] H. Lee Swanson., J. Mink , & K.M. Bocian," Cognitive processing
deficit in poor readers with symtomp of reading disabilities and ADHD:
more a like than different?", Journal Educational Psychology, 91(2),
pp. 321-333, 1999.
[21] A. Popma, T. A. H. Doreleijers, L. M. C. Jansen, S.H.M. Van Goozen, ,
H. Van Engeland, & R. Vermeiren, "The Diurnal Cortisol Cycle In
Delinquent Male Adolescents And Normal Controls", Journal of
Neuropharmacology, 32 (7), pp.1622-1628, 2007.
[22] B.L. Hankin, L.S. Badanes, J.R.Z. Abela, & S.E. Watamura,
"Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis dysregulation in dysphoric children
and adolescents: Cortisol reactivity to psychosocial stress from
preschool through middle adolescence," Biological Psychiatry,
September 1; 68(5), pp. 484-490, 2010.
[23] Yayasan SEJIWA, Plan Indonesia, "Research regarding violence in
schools (Penelitian mengenai kekerasan di sekolah)", available at
http://sejiwa.org/penelitian-mengenai-kekerasan-di-sekolah-2008/ , 21
April 2010.
[24] ACT for Youth Upstate center of Excellence,"Adolescent Brain
Development", Canada, pp.1-4, 2002.
[25] Head of Child Social Protection House, Personal interview, Mei 2011
[26] M. Olsson, , "DSM Diagnosis Of Conduct Disorder-A review", Nord.
Journal of Psychiatry, 63, pp.102-112, 2009.
[27] R. Assegaf, Nonviolence education typology conditions cases and
concepts (Pendidikan Tanpa Kekerasan Tipologi Kondisi Kasus dan
Konsep), Tiara Wacana Yogya, Yogyakarta, p. 275, 2004.
[28] I.A. Saleh, Student brawl endless social facts in Jakarta (Tawuran
Pelajar Fakta Sosial Yang Tak Berkesudahan di Jakarta), IRCISOD,
Jogjakarta, pp.141-160, 2004.
[29] S. Pramono, Geng school (Geng sekolah), Bakti, p. 4, 2009.
[30] E. Mei Amelia R., "Brawl, junior student killed in Kemayoran (Tawuran,
pelajar SMP tewas di Kemayoran)". Detiknews, available at
http://www.detiknews.com/read/2011/09/13/165946/1721570/10/tawura
n-pelajar-smp-tewas-di-kemayoran?n991103605, 13 September 2011.
[31] M. Rutter, & E. Taylor, Child and adolescent psychiatry, 4th, Blackwell
Science, Oxford, pp.419-436, 2006.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:55975", author = "Melani Arnaldi and Suzy Yusna Dewi", title = "Effect of Depression, Self-Regulation Control and Characteristics of ADHD as the Cause of School Brawl in Jakarta, Indonesia", abstract = "School brawls have taken casualties to the life of
students in Jakarta. In the last time, school brawl studies investigate
the cause with groups approach such as cognitive dissonance that
provocation and resentment among student in the schools. This
research focus on individual factors as the cause of school brawls,
where the characteristics of children with ADHD, lack of self-control
regulation, and level of depression. The results show that in fact the
lower influence of individual factor to be come conduct disorder. The
meaning students have good self-regulation control, insignificant
characteristics of children with ADHD, and moderate of depression
level. Concluded group factor more significant than individual factor
to caused school brawl.", keywords = "ADHD, depression, school brawl, self-regulation
control.", volume = "7", number = "3", pages = "700-6", }
