Economic Development, Environmental Conflicts and Citizen Participation in Latin America
Environmental conflicts produced by economic development and natural resources exploitation, are discussed. Main causes of conflicts in developing countries were shown to arise from geographically external investments, inefficiency of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), and the lack of communication between government and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). Citizen participation can only intervene during late stages of the EIA, which is considered as one of the main shortcomings in satisfying demands of local people.
[1] Anónimo (1995). El Nuevo Ecologismo: Manifiesto de los ámbitos de
comunidad, ed. Posada, México, 1995, p.219.
[2] Arts J., Caldwell P. & Morrison-Saunders A. (2001). Environmental
impact assessment follow-up: good practice and future directions--
findings from a workshop at the IAIA 2000 conference. Impact
Assessment and Project Appraisal. 19: 175-185.
[3] Beltrán Morales L.F., García-Rodríguez F.,Ortega Rubio A., Borges-
Contreras J. & Sánchez-Mota G. (2003) Multivariate Analysis of the
primary economic sector of Mexico. Sustainable Development. 11:77-
83.
[4] Beltrán Morales, L.F. (2002a). Consumo sustentable como derechoobligación
para disfrutar de un medio ambiente sano. Regi├│n y
Sociedad. Vol. 14(23):193-198.
[5] Beltrán Morales L.F., García-Rodríguez F., Ortega-Rubio F. & Borges-
Contreras J. (2002b). Apertura Comercial y Medio Ambiente.
Interciencia, 27(5): 259-273.
[6] Fischer T. (2002). Strategic environmental assessment performance
criteria--the same requirements for every assessment?. Journal of
Environmental Assessment Policy and Management. 41: 83-99.
[7] Noble B.F. (2000). Strategic environmental assessment: what is it and
what makes it strategic?. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy
and Management. 22: 203-224.
[8] Ortega-Rubio A., C. Salinas-Zavala, D. Lluch-Cota & E. Troyo-
Diéguez. (2001). A new method to determine the level of the
Environmental Impact Assessment Studies in Mexico. Environmental
Impact Assessment Review. 21:73-81.
[9] Pérez-Maqueo O., Equihua M., Hern├índez A. & Ben├¡tez G. (2001).
Visual programming languages as a tool to identify and communicate
the effects of a development project evaluated by means of an
environmental impact. Environmental Impact Assessment Review.
21:241-270.
[10] Sabatini F. (1994). Espiral hist├│rica de los conflictos ambientales: el caso de
Chile.Ambiente y Desarrollo, Vol X, Nº 4, 15-19.
[11] Sabatini F. (1995). ┬┐Qué hacer frente a los conflictos ambientales?Ambiente
y Desarrollo, Vol XI - Nº 1, 21-30.
[12] Torei S. (1996). La participaci├│n ciudadana en la evaluaci├│n de impactos
ambientales. Ambiente y Desarrollo, Vol XII, Nº 1, 7-11.
[1] Anónimo (1995). El Nuevo Ecologismo: Manifiesto de los ámbitos de
comunidad, ed. Posada, México, 1995, p.219.
[2] Arts J., Caldwell P. & Morrison-Saunders A. (2001). Environmental
impact assessment follow-up: good practice and future directions--
findings from a workshop at the IAIA 2000 conference. Impact
Assessment and Project Appraisal. 19: 175-185.
[3] Beltrán Morales L.F., García-Rodríguez F.,Ortega Rubio A., Borges-
Contreras J. & Sánchez-Mota G. (2003) Multivariate Analysis of the
primary economic sector of Mexico. Sustainable Development. 11:77-
83.
[4] Beltrán Morales, L.F. (2002a). Consumo sustentable como derechoobligación
para disfrutar de un medio ambiente sano. Regi├│n y
Sociedad. Vol. 14(23):193-198.
[5] Beltrán Morales L.F., García-Rodríguez F., Ortega-Rubio F. & Borges-
Contreras J. (2002b). Apertura Comercial y Medio Ambiente.
Interciencia, 27(5): 259-273.
[6] Fischer T. (2002). Strategic environmental assessment performance
criteria--the same requirements for every assessment?. Journal of
Environmental Assessment Policy and Management. 41: 83-99.
[7] Noble B.F. (2000). Strategic environmental assessment: what is it and
what makes it strategic?. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy
and Management. 22: 203-224.
[8] Ortega-Rubio A., C. Salinas-Zavala, D. Lluch-Cota & E. Troyo-
Diéguez. (2001). A new method to determine the level of the
Environmental Impact Assessment Studies in Mexico. Environmental
Impact Assessment Review. 21:73-81.
[9] Pérez-Maqueo O., Equihua M., Hern├índez A. & Ben├¡tez G. (2001).
Visual programming languages as a tool to identify and communicate
the effects of a development project evaluated by means of an
environmental impact. Environmental Impact Assessment Review.
21:241-270.
[10] Sabatini F. (1994). Espiral hist├│rica de los conflictos ambientales: el caso de
Chile.Ambiente y Desarrollo, Vol X, Nº 4, 15-19.
[11] Sabatini F. (1995). ┬┐Qué hacer frente a los conflictos ambientales?Ambiente
y Desarrollo, Vol XI - Nº 1, 21-30.
[12] Torei S. (1996). La participaci├│n ciudadana en la evaluaci├│n de impactos
ambientales. Ambiente y Desarrollo, Vol XII, Nº 1, 7-11.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:55005", author = "Luis F. Beltrán Morales and Felipe García-Rodríguez and Daniel LLuch Cota and German Ponce Díaz and Victor Sevilla Unda", title = "Economic Development, Environmental Conflicts and Citizen Participation in Latin America", abstract = "Environmental conflicts produced by economic development and natural resources exploitation, are discussed. Main causes of conflicts in developing countries were shown to arise from geographically external investments, inefficiency of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), and the lack of communication between government and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). Citizen participation can only intervene during late stages of the EIA, which is considered as one of the main shortcomings in satisfying demands of local people.
", keywords = "Economic Development, Environmental Conflicts,Citizen Participation, NGOs.", volume = "1", number = "9", pages = "452-3", }
