Differences in Innovative Orientation of the Entrepreneurially Active Adults: The Case of Croatia
This study analyzes the innovative orientation of the
Croatian entrepreneurs. Innovative orientation is represented by the
perceived extent to which an entrepreneur’s product or service or
technology is new, and no other businesses offer the same product.
The sample is extracted from the GEM Croatia Adult Population
Survey dataset for the years 2003-2013. We apply descriptive
statistics, t-test, Chi-square test and logistic regression. Findings
indicate that innovative orientations vary with personal, firm, meso
and macro level variables, and between different stages in
entrepreneurship process. Significant predictors are occupation of the
entrepreneurs, size of the firm and export aspiration for both early
stage and established entrepreneurs. In addition, fear of failure,
expecting to start a new business and seeing an entrepreneurial career
as a desirable choice are predictors of innovative orientation among
early stage entrepreneurs.
[1] F. Damanpour, “Organizational innovation: A meta analysis of effects of
determinants and moderators,” Academy of Management Journal,
vol.34, no.3, pp. 555-590. 1991.
[2] A. A. Wennekers, R. Thurik, P.D. Reynolds, and S. Wennekers,
“Nascent entrepreneurship and the level of economic development.”,
Small Business Economics, vol.24, no.3, 2010, pp.293.
[3] D. Kelley, N. Bosma and J.E. Amorós, Global Entrepreneurship
Monitor, 2010 Global Report. Babson Park MA, Santiago, Chile:
Babson College, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2011.
[4] S. Shane, “Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is
bad public policy”, Small Business Economics, Vol.33, 2009, pp. 141-
149.
[5] M. van Praag and A. van Stel, “The more business owners the merrier?
The role of tertiary education”, Small Business Economics, 42, no.2,
2013, pp. 335-357.
[6] F. Delmar, P. Davidsson, and W.B. Gartner, “Arriving at the high
growth firm”, Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 18, no.2, 2003,
pp.189-216.
[7] J. E. Amoros and N. Bosma, “Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2013
Global Report: Fifteen years of Assessing Entrepreneurship across the
Globe”, www.gemconsortium.org (access: 10.09.2014)
[8] P. K. Wong, Y. P. Ho and E Autio, “Entrepreneurship, innovation and
economic growth: Evidence from GEM data”, Small Business
Economics, Vol. 24, no.3, 2005, pp. 335-350.
[9] S. Wennekers, A. Van Stel, M. Carree and A.R. Thurik, “The
relationship between entrepreneurship and economic development: Is it
U-shaped?” Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, Vol.6, no. 3,
2010, pp. 167-237.
[10] N. Bosma, “Entrepreneurship, Urbanization economies and productivity
of European Regions” chapter in M.F. Fritsch (ed.). Handbook of
Research on Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Cheltenham
(UK); Northampton, MA (USA): Edward Elgar, 2011, pp.107-132.
[11] E. Autio, Global Report on High-Expectation Entrepreneurship,
London: Babson, Mazars, London Business School, 2005.
[12] S. Terjesen and L. Szerb, “Dice thrown from the beginning? An
empirical investigation of determinants of firm level growth
expectations”, Estudios de Economia, Vol.35, no.2, 2008, pp.153-178.
[13] I. Verheul and L. Van Mil, “What determines the growth ambition of
Dutch early-stage entrepreneurs?” Scientific Analysis of
Entrepreneurship and SME?s, 2008, H200811.
[14] E. Autio, Global Report on High-Growth Entrepreneurship, London:
Babson, Mazars, London Business School, 2007.
[15] E. Karadeniz, and A. Őzcam, “The determinants of the growth
expectations of the early-stage entrepreneurs (TEA) using the Ordinal
Logistic Model (OLM): The Case of Turkey”, Economic and Business
Review, Vol. 12, No.1, 2010, pp. 61-84.
[16] G.T.M. Hult, R.F. Hurley, and G.A. Knight, “Innovativeness: Its
antecedents and impact on business performance,” Industrial Marketing
Management, Vol. 33, 2004, pp. 429-438.
[17] Z. J. Acs, “How is entrepreneurship good for economic growth?”,
Innovations, vol. 1, no.1, 2007, pp. 97-107.
[18] S. Tavassolli, “Innovation determinants over industry life cycle”,
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Early view online
published 4 Feb. 2014.
[19] S. Radas and Lj. Božić, “The antecedents of SME innovativeness in an
emerging transition economy”, Technovation, vol.29, 2009, pp. 438-450.
[20] I. Romero, and J.A. Martinez-Roman, “Self-employment and
innovation. Exploring the determinants of innovative behavior in small
businesses”, Research Policy, vol.41, 2012, pp. 178-189.
[21] D. J. Sheskin, “Handbook of parametric and nonparametric statistical
procedures”, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Washingon D.C., 2004.
[22] F. E. Jr. Harrel, “Regression modeling strategies with applications to
linear models, logistic regression and survival analysis”, Springer:
Berlin, 2001.
[1] F. Damanpour, “Organizational innovation: A meta analysis of effects of
determinants and moderators,” Academy of Management Journal,
vol.34, no.3, pp. 555-590. 1991.
[2] A. A. Wennekers, R. Thurik, P.D. Reynolds, and S. Wennekers,
“Nascent entrepreneurship and the level of economic development.”,
Small Business Economics, vol.24, no.3, 2010, pp.293.
[3] D. Kelley, N. Bosma and J.E. Amorós, Global Entrepreneurship
Monitor, 2010 Global Report. Babson Park MA, Santiago, Chile:
Babson College, Universidad del Desarrollo, 2011.
[4] S. Shane, “Why encouraging more people to become entrepreneurs is
bad public policy”, Small Business Economics, Vol.33, 2009, pp. 141-
149.
[5] M. van Praag and A. van Stel, “The more business owners the merrier?
The role of tertiary education”, Small Business Economics, 42, no.2,
2013, pp. 335-357.
[6] F. Delmar, P. Davidsson, and W.B. Gartner, “Arriving at the high
growth firm”, Journal of Business Venturing, vol. 18, no.2, 2003,
pp.189-216.
[7] J. E. Amoros and N. Bosma, “Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, 2013
Global Report: Fifteen years of Assessing Entrepreneurship across the
Globe”, www.gemconsortium.org (access: 10.09.2014)
[8] P. K. Wong, Y. P. Ho and E Autio, “Entrepreneurship, innovation and
economic growth: Evidence from GEM data”, Small Business
Economics, Vol. 24, no.3, 2005, pp. 335-350.
[9] S. Wennekers, A. Van Stel, M. Carree and A.R. Thurik, “The
relationship between entrepreneurship and economic development: Is it
U-shaped?” Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, Vol.6, no. 3,
2010, pp. 167-237.
[10] N. Bosma, “Entrepreneurship, Urbanization economies and productivity
of European Regions” chapter in M.F. Fritsch (ed.). Handbook of
Research on Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Cheltenham
(UK); Northampton, MA (USA): Edward Elgar, 2011, pp.107-132.
[11] E. Autio, Global Report on High-Expectation Entrepreneurship,
London: Babson, Mazars, London Business School, 2005.
[12] S. Terjesen and L. Szerb, “Dice thrown from the beginning? An
empirical investigation of determinants of firm level growth
expectations”, Estudios de Economia, Vol.35, no.2, 2008, pp.153-178.
[13] I. Verheul and L. Van Mil, “What determines the growth ambition of
Dutch early-stage entrepreneurs?” Scientific Analysis of
Entrepreneurship and SME?s, 2008, H200811.
[14] E. Autio, Global Report on High-Growth Entrepreneurship, London:
Babson, Mazars, London Business School, 2007.
[15] E. Karadeniz, and A. Őzcam, “The determinants of the growth
expectations of the early-stage entrepreneurs (TEA) using the Ordinal
Logistic Model (OLM): The Case of Turkey”, Economic and Business
Review, Vol. 12, No.1, 2010, pp. 61-84.
[16] G.T.M. Hult, R.F. Hurley, and G.A. Knight, “Innovativeness: Its
antecedents and impact on business performance,” Industrial Marketing
Management, Vol. 33, 2004, pp. 429-438.
[17] Z. J. Acs, “How is entrepreneurship good for economic growth?”,
Innovations, vol. 1, no.1, 2007, pp. 97-107.
[18] S. Tavassolli, “Innovation determinants over industry life cycle”,
Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Early view online
published 4 Feb. 2014.
[19] S. Radas and Lj. Božić, “The antecedents of SME innovativeness in an
emerging transition economy”, Technovation, vol.29, 2009, pp. 438-450.
[20] I. Romero, and J.A. Martinez-Roman, “Self-employment and
innovation. Exploring the determinants of innovative behavior in small
businesses”, Research Policy, vol.41, 2012, pp. 178-189.
[21] D. J. Sheskin, “Handbook of parametric and nonparametric statistical
procedures”, Chapman & Hall/CRC, Washingon D.C., 2004.
[22] F. E. Jr. Harrel, “Regression modeling strategies with applications to
linear models, logistic regression and survival analysis”, Springer:
Berlin, 2001.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:69649", author = "Nataša Šarlija and Sanja Pfeifer", title = "Differences in Innovative Orientation of the Entrepreneurially Active Adults: The Case of Croatia", abstract = "This study analyzes the innovative orientation of the
Croatian entrepreneurs. Innovative orientation is represented by the
perceived extent to which an entrepreneur’s product or service or
technology is new, and no other businesses offer the same product.
The sample is extracted from the GEM Croatia Adult Population
Survey dataset for the years 2003-2013. We apply descriptive
statistics, t-test, Chi-square test and logistic regression. Findings
indicate that innovative orientations vary with personal, firm, meso
and macro level variables, and between different stages in
entrepreneurship process. Significant predictors are occupation of the
entrepreneurs, size of the firm and export aspiration for both early
stage and established entrepreneurs. In addition, fear of failure,
expecting to start a new business and seeing an entrepreneurial career
as a desirable choice are predictors of innovative orientation among
early stage entrepreneurs.
", keywords = "Multilevel determinants of the innovative
orientation, Croatian early stage entrepreneurs, established
businesses, GEM evidence.", volume = "9", number = "4", pages = "1268-8", }
