Development of EN338 (2009) Strength Classes for Some Common Nigerian Timber Species Using Three Point Bending Test
The work presents a development of EN338 strength classes for Strombosia pustulata, Pterygotama crocarpa, Nauclea diderrichii and Entandrophragma cyclindricum Nigerian timber species. The specimens for experimental measurements were obtained from the timber-shed at the famous Panteka market in Kaduna in the northern part of Nigeria. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the selected timber species in accordance with EN 13183-1 and ASTM D193. The mechanical properties were determined using three point bending test. The generated properties were used to obtain the characteristic values of the material properties in accordance with EN384. The selected timber species were then classified according to EN 338. Strombosia pustulata, Pterygotama crocarpa, Nauclea diderrichii and Entandrophragma cyclindricum were assigned to strength classes D40, C14, D40 and D24 respectively. Other properties such as tensile and compressive strengths parallel and perpendicular to grains, shear strength as well as shear modulus were obtained in accordance with EN 338.
<p>[1] I. Ferguson, B.La Fontaine, P.Vinden, L.Bren, R.Hateley and
B.Hermesec“Environmental properties of timber,” Research Paper
commissioned by FWPRDC, 1996, Australia
[2] W. R. Lawson “Timber in building construction: Ecological
implications,” Research paper commissioned by the Timber
Development Association (NSW) Limited and FWPRDC, 1996,
Australia.
[3] J. Kohler “Reliability of timber structures,” A dissertation submitted to
the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology for the degree of doctor
technical sciences, 2006
[4] NCP2 “The Use of Timber for Construction,” Nigerian Standard Code
of Practice, accredited by the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON),
Federal Ministry of Industries, 1973, Lagos, Nigeria
[5] EN 1995 “Design of timber structures: Part 1-1: General – Common
rules and rules for Buildings,” European Committee for Standardisation,
CEN, 2004, Brussels, Belgium.
[6] BS 5268 “Structural use of timber Part 2: Code of Practice for
permissible stress design, materials and workmanship, British Standard
Institute, BSI, 2002, London.
[7] P.Glos, “Strength gradingin timber Engineering STEP 1”, 1995b, The
Netherlands,pp A6/1-A6/8.
[8] JCSS “Probabilistic Model Code: Part 3: Resistance Models: Properties
of Timber,” Joint Committee on Structural Safety, 12th Draft, Internet
version: 2006, http://www.jcss.ethz.ch
[9] P.Glos. “Solid Timber – Strength Classes. in Timber Engineering STEP
1”,1995a, pp A7/1-A7/8. Centrum Hout, The Netherlands
[10] EN338 “Structural Timber: Strength Classes,” European Committee for
Standardisation, CEN, 2009, Brussels, Belgium.
[11] J. E.Winandy “Wood Properties,”WisconsinEncyclopaedia of
Agricultural Science., 1994, Orlando, FL: Academic Press: Vol. 4,
p.551-554
[12] EN 13183-1 “Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber: Determination
by oven Dry Method,” European Committee for Standardisation, CEN,
2002, Brussels, Belgium
[13] EN 408 “Timber structures – Structural timber and Glued-laminated
timber: Determination of some physical and mechanical properties,”
European Committee for Standardisation, CEN, 2003, Brussels, Belgium
[14] EN 384 “Structural timber: Determination of characteristic values of
mechanical properties and density,” European Committee for
Standardisation, CEN, 2004, Brussels, Belgium.
[15] L. Bostrom “Machine strength grading, Comparison of four different
systems”, Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, Building
Technology SP.Report, 1994:49, 57p.
[16] K.Heikkila, and H. Herajarvi “Stiffness and strength of 45×95mm
beams glued from Norway Spruce using 8 different structural models,”
Conference COST E53 29-30. Delft, 2008, the Netherlands.
[17] ASTM D193 “Standard method of testing small clear specimens of
timber,” American Society for Testing and Materials, 2000, USA.
[18] A. Ranta-Maurus, M. Forselius, J. Kurkela and T. Toratti“Reliability
analysis of timber structures,” Nordic Industrial Fund, 2001, Technical
Research Centre of Finland.</p>
<p>[1] I. Ferguson, B.La Fontaine, P.Vinden, L.Bren, R.Hateley and
B.Hermesec“Environmental properties of timber,” Research Paper
commissioned by FWPRDC, 1996, Australia
[2] W. R. Lawson “Timber in building construction: Ecological
implications,” Research paper commissioned by the Timber
Development Association (NSW) Limited and FWPRDC, 1996,
Australia.
[3] J. Kohler “Reliability of timber structures,” A dissertation submitted to
the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology for the degree of doctor
technical sciences, 2006
[4] NCP2 “The Use of Timber for Construction,” Nigerian Standard Code
of Practice, accredited by the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON),
Federal Ministry of Industries, 1973, Lagos, Nigeria
[5] EN 1995 “Design of timber structures: Part 1-1: General – Common
rules and rules for Buildings,” European Committee for Standardisation,
CEN, 2004, Brussels, Belgium.
[6] BS 5268 “Structural use of timber Part 2: Code of Practice for
permissible stress design, materials and workmanship, British Standard
Institute, BSI, 2002, London.
[7] P.Glos, “Strength gradingin timber Engineering STEP 1”, 1995b, The
Netherlands,pp A6/1-A6/8.
[8] JCSS “Probabilistic Model Code: Part 3: Resistance Models: Properties
of Timber,” Joint Committee on Structural Safety, 12th Draft, Internet
version: 2006, http://www.jcss.ethz.ch
[9] P.Glos. “Solid Timber – Strength Classes. in Timber Engineering STEP
1”,1995a, pp A7/1-A7/8. Centrum Hout, The Netherlands
[10] EN338 “Structural Timber: Strength Classes,” European Committee for
Standardisation, CEN, 2009, Brussels, Belgium.
[11] J. E.Winandy “Wood Properties,”WisconsinEncyclopaedia of
Agricultural Science., 1994, Orlando, FL: Academic Press: Vol. 4,
p.551-554
[12] EN 13183-1 “Moisture content of a piece of sawn timber: Determination
by oven Dry Method,” European Committee for Standardisation, CEN,
2002, Brussels, Belgium
[13] EN 408 “Timber structures – Structural timber and Glued-laminated
timber: Determination of some physical and mechanical properties,”
European Committee for Standardisation, CEN, 2003, Brussels, Belgium
[14] EN 384 “Structural timber: Determination of characteristic values of
mechanical properties and density,” European Committee for
Standardisation, CEN, 2004, Brussels, Belgium.
[15] L. Bostrom “Machine strength grading, Comparison of four different
systems”, Swedish National Testing and Research Institute, Building
Technology SP.Report, 1994:49, 57p.
[16] K.Heikkila, and H. Herajarvi “Stiffness and strength of 45×95mm
beams glued from Norway Spruce using 8 different structural models,”
Conference COST E53 29-30. Delft, 2008, the Netherlands.
[17] ASTM D193 “Standard method of testing small clear specimens of
timber,” American Society for Testing and Materials, 2000, USA.
[18] A. Ranta-Maurus, M. Forselius, J. Kurkela and T. Toratti“Reliability
analysis of timber structures,” Nordic Industrial Fund, 2001, Technical
Research Centre of Finland.</p>
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:60292", author = "Abubakar Idris and Nabade Abdullahi Muhammad", title = "Development of EN338 (2009) Strength Classes for Some Common Nigerian Timber Species Using Three Point Bending Test", abstract = "The work presents a development of EN338 strength classes for Strombosia pustulata, Pterygotama crocarpa, Nauclea diderrichii and Entandrophragma cyclindricum Nigerian timber species. The specimens for experimental measurements were obtained from the timber-shed at the famous Panteka market in Kaduna in the northern part of Nigeria. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the selected timber species in accordance with EN 13183-1 and ASTM D193. The mechanical properties were determined using three point bending test. The generated properties were used to obtain the characteristic values of the material properties in accordance with EN384. The selected timber species were then classified according to EN 338. Strombosia pustulata, Pterygotama crocarpa, Nauclea diderrichii and Entandrophragma cyclindricum were assigned to strength classes D40, C14, D40 and D24 respectively. Other properties such as tensile and compressive strengths parallel and perpendicular to grains, shear strength as well as shear modulus were obtained in accordance with EN 338.
", keywords = "Mechanical properties, Nigerian timber, strength
classes, three-point bending test.", volume = "7", number = "5", pages = "362-5", }
