Development of an Organizational Knowledge Capabilities Assessment (OKCA) Method for Innovative Technology Enterprises
Knowledge capabilities are increasingly important for
the innovative technology enterprises to enhance the business
performance in terms of product competitiveness, innovation and
sales. Recognition of the company capability by auditing allows them
to further pursue advancement, strategic planning and hence gain
competitive advantages. This paper attempts to develop an
Organizations- Knowledge Capabilities Assessment (OKCA) method
to assess the knowledge capabilities of technology companies. The
OKCA is a questionnaire-based assessment tool which has been
developed to uncover the impact of various knowledge capabilities on
different organizational performance. The collected data is then
analyzed to find out the crucial elements for different technological
companies. Based on the results, innovative technology enterprises are
able to recognize the direction for further improvement on business
performance and future development plan. External environmental
factors affecting organization performance can be found through the
further analysis of some selected reference companies.
[1] B. Lev, and J. H. Daum, "Intangible assets and the need for a holistic and
more future oriented approach to enterprise management and corporate
reporting," The First PMA Intellectual Capital Research Symposium,
Cranfield, UK, 1-2 October 2003.
[2] C. I. Fadur, and D. Ciotina, "Is the future of accounting compatible with
the accounting of the future?," CES Working Papers, Centre for
European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 3, 2011, pp.
55-63.
[3] J. W. M. Kessels, The Knowledge Revolution and The Knowledge
Economy, The Challenge for HRD. In J.Woodall, M. Lee, & J. Stewart
(Eds.), New Frontiers in HRD, London: Routledge, 2004.
[4] S. Guo, C. Wang, and X. Luo, A Study on Knowledge Management in
Enterprise Information Systems, International Federation for Information
Processing, vol. 205, A. M. Tjoa, L. Xu, S. Chaudhry, Eds., Research and
Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems, Springer, Boston,
2006, pp. 597-608.
[5] M. Tayles, N. Adshead, A. Bramley, and J. Farr, "Dealing with the
management of intellectual capital: the potential role of strategic
management accounting," Accounting, Auditing and Accountability
Journal, vol. 15, no. 2, 2002, pp. 251-267.
[6] T. A. Stewart, Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of the
Organizations, New York, USA: Doubleday/Currency, 1997.
[7] P. Drucker, Post-Capitalist Society, New York, USA: Harper Business,
1993.
[8] T. H. Davenport, and L. Prusak, Working Knowledge, How
Organizations Manage What They Know, McGraw-Hill, 1998.
[9] D. J. Teece, Managing Intellectual Capital, New York, USA: Oxford
University Press Inc, 1998.
[10] M. C. Gregorio, E. N. L. José, L. S. Pedro, and A. S. Elsa, "Organizational
capital as competitive advantage of the firm," Journal of Intellectual
Capital, vol.7, no.3, 2006, pp. 324-337.
[11] L. A. M. John, and D. Foray, Knowledge Management in Innovation
Process, Massachusetts, USA: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2001.
[12] T. Housel, and A. H. Bell, Measuring and Managing Knowledge, New
York, USA: McGraw Hill, 2001.
[13] K. Y. Wong, "Critical success factors for implementing knowledge
management in small and medium enterprises", Industrial Management
and Data System, vol. 105, no. 3, 2005, pp. 261-279.
[14] R. Dawson, "Knowledge capabilities as the focus of organizational
development and strategy," Knowledge Management, vol. 4 no. 4, 2000,
pp. 320-327.
[15] Y. Ning, Z. Fan, and B. Feng," Knowledge capability: a definition and
research model," In Proceedings of Knowledge Science, Engineering and
Management, vol. 4092, 2006, pp.330-340.
[16] B. Jones, and R. Dawson, "Scanning, sensemaking and pattern
recognition", ABN Report, vol. 7, no. 6, 1999, pp. 8-11.
[17] B. P. Nikolaj, S. C. Karina and J. Mouritsen, Knowledge Management
and Intellectual Capital: Establishing a Field of Practice, New York,
USA: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
[18] M. H. Chang, and J. E. Harrington, "Multimarket competition, customer
search and the organizational structure of multi-unit firm, Management
Science," vol. 49, no. 4, 2003, pp. 541-552.
[19] M. Lemon, and P. S. Sahota, "Organizational culture as a knowledge
repository for increased innovation capacity," Technovation, vol. 24, no.
6, 2004, pp. 483-499.
[20] T. P. Mullen, and M. A. Lyles, "Toward improving management
development-s contribution to organizational learning," Human Resource
Planning, vol. 16, no. 2, 1993, pp.35-49.
[21] S. C. Wheelwright, and K. B. Clark, Revolutionizing Product
development- Quantum Leaps in Speed Efficiency and Quality, The free
Press, New York, 1992.
[22] T. L. Ju, C. Y. Li, and T. S. Lee, "A contingency model for knowledge
management capability and innovation," Industrial Management and
Data System, vol. 106, no. 6, 2006, pp. 855-860.
[23] J. A. Nazari, and I. M. Herremans, "Extended VAIC model: measuring
intellectual capital components," Journal of Intellectual Capital, vol. 8,
no.4, 2003 , pp. 596-609.
[24] S. Slatter, Gambling on Growth: How to Manage the Small High Tech
Firm, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1992.
[25] de la Mothe, John and F. Dominique, Knowledge Management in the
Innovation Process: Business Practices and Technology Adoption,
Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
[26] J. B. William, A speech for American Bar Association, Section of
Business Law, Litigation, and Tort and Insurance Practice entitled
"Antitrust enforcement and high technology markets "in California, USA,
2004.
[27] G. Roos, and J. Roos, "Measuring your company-s intellectual
performance," Long Range Planning, vol. 30, no. 3, 1997, pp. 413-426.
[28] A. Zhou, and D. Fink, ÔÇÿThe intellectual capital web: a systematic linking
of intellectual capital and knowledge management," Journal of
Intellectual Capital, vol. 4, no.1, 2003, pp. 34-48.
[29] A. Lönnqvist, and P. Kujansivu, "Designing and implementing an
intellectual capital management system: applying the meritum guideline
in practice," Knowledge Management, vol. 1, no. 3, 2007, pp. 276-291.
[30] L. Edvinsson, and M. S. Malone, Intellectual Capital: Realizing Your
Company-s True Value by Finding Its Hidden Brainpower, New York,
USA: Harper Business, 1997.
[31] H. Rau, "Intellectual assets and investment professionals: the view of the
users," Conference Intellectual Assets and Innovation: Value Creation in
the Knowledge Economy Ferrara, 2005, October 20 - 22.
[32] L. Hunter, E. Webster, and A. Wyatt, "Measuring intangible capital: a
review of current practice," Australian Accounting Review, vol. 15,
no.36, 2005, pp. 4-21.
[33] J. Bessant, and T. Venables, Creating Wealth from Knowledge: Meeting
the Innovation Challenge, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2008.
[34] A. A. Nermien, Comprehensive Intellectual Capital Management: Step
by Step, Canada, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2003.
[35] I. Dierickx, and K. Cool, "Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of
competitive advantage," Management Science, vol. 35, no. 12, 1989, pp.
1504-1511.
[36] J. Guan, "Comparison study on industrial innovation between china and
some European countries," Production and Inventory Management, vol.
43, no. 3-4, 2002, pp. 30-36.
[37] G. C. Elias, and F. J. C. David, Knowledge Creation, Diffusion, and Use
in Innovation Networks and Knowledge Clusters, Westport, USA:
Praeger Publishers, 2006.
[38] B. D. Leonard, "Core capabilities and core rigidities: a paradox in
managing new product development," Strategic management, vol. 13,
no.S1, 1992, pp. 111-125.
[39] P. M. Senge, The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning
Organization, Doubleday, New York, NY, 1990.
[40] S. Hanninen, and I. Kauranen, "Product innovation as a micro strategy:
the innovation-based diversification view," in Carayannis, E. G. and
Formica, P. (Eds.), Knowledge Matters: Technology Innovation And
Entrepreneurship in Innovation Networks and Knowledge Clusters
(INKC): A Comparative Socio-Technical Systems Approach in the US,
Europe And Asia, Palgrave Macmillan, Hamshire, United Kingdom,
2008.
[1] B. Lev, and J. H. Daum, "Intangible assets and the need for a holistic and
more future oriented approach to enterprise management and corporate
reporting," The First PMA Intellectual Capital Research Symposium,
Cranfield, UK, 1-2 October 2003.
[2] C. I. Fadur, and D. Ciotina, "Is the future of accounting compatible with
the accounting of the future?," CES Working Papers, Centre for
European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 3, 2011, pp.
55-63.
[3] J. W. M. Kessels, The Knowledge Revolution and The Knowledge
Economy, The Challenge for HRD. In J.Woodall, M. Lee, & J. Stewart
(Eds.), New Frontiers in HRD, London: Routledge, 2004.
[4] S. Guo, C. Wang, and X. Luo, A Study on Knowledge Management in
Enterprise Information Systems, International Federation for Information
Processing, vol. 205, A. M. Tjoa, L. Xu, S. Chaudhry, Eds., Research and
Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems, Springer, Boston,
2006, pp. 597-608.
[5] M. Tayles, N. Adshead, A. Bramley, and J. Farr, "Dealing with the
management of intellectual capital: the potential role of strategic
management accounting," Accounting, Auditing and Accountability
Journal, vol. 15, no. 2, 2002, pp. 251-267.
[6] T. A. Stewart, Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of the
Organizations, New York, USA: Doubleday/Currency, 1997.
[7] P. Drucker, Post-Capitalist Society, New York, USA: Harper Business,
1993.
[8] T. H. Davenport, and L. Prusak, Working Knowledge, How
Organizations Manage What They Know, McGraw-Hill, 1998.
[9] D. J. Teece, Managing Intellectual Capital, New York, USA: Oxford
University Press Inc, 1998.
[10] M. C. Gregorio, E. N. L. José, L. S. Pedro, and A. S. Elsa, "Organizational
capital as competitive advantage of the firm," Journal of Intellectual
Capital, vol.7, no.3, 2006, pp. 324-337.
[11] L. A. M. John, and D. Foray, Knowledge Management in Innovation
Process, Massachusetts, USA: Kluwer Academic Publisher, 2001.
[12] T. Housel, and A. H. Bell, Measuring and Managing Knowledge, New
York, USA: McGraw Hill, 2001.
[13] K. Y. Wong, "Critical success factors for implementing knowledge
management in small and medium enterprises", Industrial Management
and Data System, vol. 105, no. 3, 2005, pp. 261-279.
[14] R. Dawson, "Knowledge capabilities as the focus of organizational
development and strategy," Knowledge Management, vol. 4 no. 4, 2000,
pp. 320-327.
[15] Y. Ning, Z. Fan, and B. Feng," Knowledge capability: a definition and
research model," In Proceedings of Knowledge Science, Engineering and
Management, vol. 4092, 2006, pp.330-340.
[16] B. Jones, and R. Dawson, "Scanning, sensemaking and pattern
recognition", ABN Report, vol. 7, no. 6, 1999, pp. 8-11.
[17] B. P. Nikolaj, S. C. Karina and J. Mouritsen, Knowledge Management
and Intellectual Capital: Establishing a Field of Practice, New York,
USA: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
[18] M. H. Chang, and J. E. Harrington, "Multimarket competition, customer
search and the organizational structure of multi-unit firm, Management
Science," vol. 49, no. 4, 2003, pp. 541-552.
[19] M. Lemon, and P. S. Sahota, "Organizational culture as a knowledge
repository for increased innovation capacity," Technovation, vol. 24, no.
6, 2004, pp. 483-499.
[20] T. P. Mullen, and M. A. Lyles, "Toward improving management
development-s contribution to organizational learning," Human Resource
Planning, vol. 16, no. 2, 1993, pp.35-49.
[21] S. C. Wheelwright, and K. B. Clark, Revolutionizing Product
development- Quantum Leaps in Speed Efficiency and Quality, The free
Press, New York, 1992.
[22] T. L. Ju, C. Y. Li, and T. S. Lee, "A contingency model for knowledge
management capability and innovation," Industrial Management and
Data System, vol. 106, no. 6, 2006, pp. 855-860.
[23] J. A. Nazari, and I. M. Herremans, "Extended VAIC model: measuring
intellectual capital components," Journal of Intellectual Capital, vol. 8,
no.4, 2003 , pp. 596-609.
[24] S. Slatter, Gambling on Growth: How to Manage the Small High Tech
Firm, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 1992.
[25] de la Mothe, John and F. Dominique, Knowledge Management in the
Innovation Process: Business Practices and Technology Adoption,
Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
[26] J. B. William, A speech for American Bar Association, Section of
Business Law, Litigation, and Tort and Insurance Practice entitled
"Antitrust enforcement and high technology markets "in California, USA,
2004.
[27] G. Roos, and J. Roos, "Measuring your company-s intellectual
performance," Long Range Planning, vol. 30, no. 3, 1997, pp. 413-426.
[28] A. Zhou, and D. Fink, ÔÇÿThe intellectual capital web: a systematic linking
of intellectual capital and knowledge management," Journal of
Intellectual Capital, vol. 4, no.1, 2003, pp. 34-48.
[29] A. Lönnqvist, and P. Kujansivu, "Designing and implementing an
intellectual capital management system: applying the meritum guideline
in practice," Knowledge Management, vol. 1, no. 3, 2007, pp. 276-291.
[30] L. Edvinsson, and M. S. Malone, Intellectual Capital: Realizing Your
Company-s True Value by Finding Its Hidden Brainpower, New York,
USA: Harper Business, 1997.
[31] H. Rau, "Intellectual assets and investment professionals: the view of the
users," Conference Intellectual Assets and Innovation: Value Creation in
the Knowledge Economy Ferrara, 2005, October 20 - 22.
[32] L. Hunter, E. Webster, and A. Wyatt, "Measuring intangible capital: a
review of current practice," Australian Accounting Review, vol. 15,
no.36, 2005, pp. 4-21.
[33] J. Bessant, and T. Venables, Creating Wealth from Knowledge: Meeting
the Innovation Challenge, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2008.
[34] A. A. Nermien, Comprehensive Intellectual Capital Management: Step
by Step, Canada, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2003.
[35] I. Dierickx, and K. Cool, "Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of
competitive advantage," Management Science, vol. 35, no. 12, 1989, pp.
1504-1511.
[36] J. Guan, "Comparison study on industrial innovation between china and
some European countries," Production and Inventory Management, vol.
43, no. 3-4, 2002, pp. 30-36.
[37] G. C. Elias, and F. J. C. David, Knowledge Creation, Diffusion, and Use
in Innovation Networks and Knowledge Clusters, Westport, USA:
Praeger Publishers, 2006.
[38] B. D. Leonard, "Core capabilities and core rigidities: a paradox in
managing new product development," Strategic management, vol. 13,
no.S1, 1992, pp. 111-125.
[39] P. M. Senge, The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning
Organization, Doubleday, New York, NY, 1990.
[40] S. Hanninen, and I. Kauranen, "Product innovation as a micro strategy:
the innovation-based diversification view," in Carayannis, E. G. and
Formica, P. (Eds.), Knowledge Matters: Technology Innovation And
Entrepreneurship in Innovation Networks and Knowledge Clusters
(INKC): A Comparative Socio-Technical Systems Approach in the US,
Europe And Asia, Palgrave Macmillan, Hamshire, United Kingdom,
2008.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:50481", author = "C.F. Cheung and Ricky Ma and W.Y. Wong and Y.L. Tse", title = "Development of an Organizational Knowledge Capabilities Assessment (OKCA) Method for Innovative Technology Enterprises", abstract = "Knowledge capabilities are increasingly important for
the innovative technology enterprises to enhance the business
performance in terms of product competitiveness, innovation and
sales. Recognition of the company capability by auditing allows them
to further pursue advancement, strategic planning and hence gain
competitive advantages. This paper attempts to develop an
Organizations- Knowledge Capabilities Assessment (OKCA) method
to assess the knowledge capabilities of technology companies. The
OKCA is a questionnaire-based assessment tool which has been
developed to uncover the impact of various knowledge capabilities on
different organizational performance. The collected data is then
analyzed to find out the crucial elements for different technological
companies. Based on the results, innovative technology enterprises are
able to recognize the direction for further improvement on business
performance and future development plan. External environmental
factors affecting organization performance can be found through the
further analysis of some selected reference companies.", keywords = "Audit and Assessment, Innovation, Intellectual
Capital, Knowledge and Technology Management, Knowledge
Capability", volume = "6", number = "7", pages = "1696-12", }
