Development of AA2024 Matrix Composites Reinforced with Micro Yttrium through Cold Compaction with Superior Mechanical Properties
In this present work, five different composite samples with AA2024 as matrix and varying amounts of yttrium (0.1-0.5 wt.%) as reinforcement are developed through cold compaction. The microstructures of the developed composite samples revealed that the yttrium reinforcement caused grain refinement up to 0.3 wt.% and beyond which the refinement is not effective. The microstructure revealed Al2Cu precipitation which strengthened the composite up to 0.3 wt.% yttrium reinforcement. Upon further increase in yttrium reinforcement, the intermetallics and the precipitation coarsen and their corresponding strengthening effect decreases. The mechanical characterization revealed that the composite sample reinforced with 0.3 wt.% yttrium showed highest mechanical properties like 82 HV of hardness, 276 MPa Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), 229 MPa Yield Strength (YS) and an elongation (EL) of 18.9% respectively. However, the relative density of the developed composites decreased with the increase in yttrium reinforcement.
[1] S. S. Khamisa, M. A. Lajisb and R. A. O. Albert, “A Sustainable Direct Recycling of Aluminum Chip (AA6061) in Hot Press Forging Employing Response Surface Methodology,” Science direct, Procedia CIRP, Vol. 26, pp. 477- 481, 2015.
[2] Devaraju Aruri, Kumar Adepu, Kumaraswamy Adepu and Kotiveerachari Bazavada, “Wear and mechanical properties of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy surface hybrid composites ((SiC + Gr) and (SiC + Al2O3)) fabricated by friction stir processing,” Journal of materials research and technology, Vol. 2(4), pp. 362-369, 2013.
[3] P. N. Rao, “Manufacturing technology - Foundry, forming and welding,” Vol. 1, Fourth edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill education.
[4] M. K. Surappa, “Aluminium matrix composites: challenges and opportunities,” Sadhana, Vol. 28(1–2), pp. 319-334, 2003.
[5] M. O. Bodunrina, K. K. Alanemea and L. H. Chown, “Aluminium matrix hybrid composites: a review of reinforcement philosophies; mechanical, corrosion and tribological characteristics,” science direct, 2015.
[6] J. Jenix Rino, D. Chandramohan and K. S. Sucitharan, “An Overview on Development of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites with Hybrid Reinforcement,” International Journal of Science and Research, Vol. 1(3), 2012.
[7] K. K. Alaneme and M. O. Bodunrin, “Corrosion Behavior of Alumina Reinforced Aluminium (6063) Metal Matrix Composites,” Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol. 10(12), pp. 1153-1165, 2011.
[8] B. Vijaya Ramnath and C. Elanchezhian, “Aluminium metal matrix composites - A review,” Reviews on Advance Material Science, Vol. 38, pp. 55-60, 2014.
[9] D. L. Danels, “Analysis of stress-strain fracture and ductility behaviour of aluminium matrix composites containing discontinuous silicon carbide reinforcement,” Metallurgical Transactions, Vol 16A, pp 1105-1115, 1985.
[10] M. Taya, K. E. Lulay D. J. Lloyd, “Strenghening of a particulate metal matrix composite by quenching,” Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 39, pp. 73-87, 1991.
[11] I. Ozdemir, S. Ahrens, S. Mücklich and B. Wielage, “Microstructure Characterization of Al-Al2O3p Composites Produced by High Energy Ball Milling,” Prakt. Met., Vol. 44(3), pp. 103–112, 2007.
[12] I. Ozdemir, S. Ahrens, S. Mücklich and B. Wielage, “Nanocrystalline Al-Al2O3p and SiCp composites produced by high-energy ball milling,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., Vol. 205(1-3), pp. 111–118, 2008.
[13] O. Beffort, S. Long, C. Cayron, J. Kuebler and P. A. Buffat, “Alloying effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of high volume fraction SiC-particle reinforced Al-MMCs made by squeeze casting infiltration,” Compos. Sci. Technol., Vol. 67(3-4), pp. 737– 745, 2007.
[14] J. M. Torralba, C. E. Da Costa and F. Velasco, “P/M aluminum matrix composites: an overview,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., Vol. 133(1-2), pp. 203–206, 2003.
[15] K. M. Shorowordi, T. Laoui, Haseeb, J. P. Celis and L. Froyen, “Microstructure and interface characteristics of B 4 C, SiC and Al 2 O 3 reinforced Al matrix composites: a comparative study,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., Vol. 142(3), pp. 738–743, 2003.
[16] C. Suryanarayana, “Mechanical alloying and milling,” Prog. Mater. Sci., Vol 46(1-2), pp. 1–184, 2001.
[17] M. J. Davidson, K. Balasubramanian and G. R. N. Tagore, “Experimental investigation on flowforming of AA6061 alloy-A Taguchi approach,” Journal of materials processing technology, Vol. 200, pp. 283-287, 2008.
[1] S. S. Khamisa, M. A. Lajisb and R. A. O. Albert, “A Sustainable Direct Recycling of Aluminum Chip (AA6061) in Hot Press Forging Employing Response Surface Methodology,” Science direct, Procedia CIRP, Vol. 26, pp. 477- 481, 2015.
[2] Devaraju Aruri, Kumar Adepu, Kumaraswamy Adepu and Kotiveerachari Bazavada, “Wear and mechanical properties of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy surface hybrid composites ((SiC + Gr) and (SiC + Al2O3)) fabricated by friction stir processing,” Journal of materials research and technology, Vol. 2(4), pp. 362-369, 2013.
[3] P. N. Rao, “Manufacturing technology - Foundry, forming and welding,” Vol. 1, Fourth edition, Tata Mc Graw Hill education.
[4] M. K. Surappa, “Aluminium matrix composites: challenges and opportunities,” Sadhana, Vol. 28(1–2), pp. 319-334, 2003.
[5] M. O. Bodunrina, K. K. Alanemea and L. H. Chown, “Aluminium matrix hybrid composites: a review of reinforcement philosophies; mechanical, corrosion and tribological characteristics,” science direct, 2015.
[6] J. Jenix Rino, D. Chandramohan and K. S. Sucitharan, “An Overview on Development of Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites with Hybrid Reinforcement,” International Journal of Science and Research, Vol. 1(3), 2012.
[7] K. K. Alaneme and M. O. Bodunrin, “Corrosion Behavior of Alumina Reinforced Aluminium (6063) Metal Matrix Composites,” Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol. 10(12), pp. 1153-1165, 2011.
[8] B. Vijaya Ramnath and C. Elanchezhian, “Aluminium metal matrix composites - A review,” Reviews on Advance Material Science, Vol. 38, pp. 55-60, 2014.
[9] D. L. Danels, “Analysis of stress-strain fracture and ductility behaviour of aluminium matrix composites containing discontinuous silicon carbide reinforcement,” Metallurgical Transactions, Vol 16A, pp 1105-1115, 1985.
[10] M. Taya, K. E. Lulay D. J. Lloyd, “Strenghening of a particulate metal matrix composite by quenching,” Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 39, pp. 73-87, 1991.
[11] I. Ozdemir, S. Ahrens, S. Mücklich and B. Wielage, “Microstructure Characterization of Al-Al2O3p Composites Produced by High Energy Ball Milling,” Prakt. Met., Vol. 44(3), pp. 103–112, 2007.
[12] I. Ozdemir, S. Ahrens, S. Mücklich and B. Wielage, “Nanocrystalline Al-Al2O3p and SiCp composites produced by high-energy ball milling,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., Vol. 205(1-3), pp. 111–118, 2008.
[13] O. Beffort, S. Long, C. Cayron, J. Kuebler and P. A. Buffat, “Alloying effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of high volume fraction SiC-particle reinforced Al-MMCs made by squeeze casting infiltration,” Compos. Sci. Technol., Vol. 67(3-4), pp. 737– 745, 2007.
[14] J. M. Torralba, C. E. Da Costa and F. Velasco, “P/M aluminum matrix composites: an overview,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., Vol. 133(1-2), pp. 203–206, 2003.
[15] K. M. Shorowordi, T. Laoui, Haseeb, J. P. Celis and L. Froyen, “Microstructure and interface characteristics of B 4 C, SiC and Al 2 O 3 reinforced Al matrix composites: a comparative study,” J. Mater. Process. Technol., Vol. 142(3), pp. 738–743, 2003.
[16] C. Suryanarayana, “Mechanical alloying and milling,” Prog. Mater. Sci., Vol 46(1-2), pp. 1–184, 2001.
[17] M. J. Davidson, K. Balasubramanian and G. R. N. Tagore, “Experimental investigation on flowforming of AA6061 alloy-A Taguchi approach,” Journal of materials processing technology, Vol. 200, pp. 283-287, 2008.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:79155", author = "C. H. S. Vidyasagar and D. B. Karunakar", title = "Development of AA2024 Matrix Composites Reinforced with Micro Yttrium through Cold Compaction with Superior Mechanical Properties", abstract = "In this present work, five different composite samples with AA2024 as matrix and varying amounts of yttrium (0.1-0.5 wt.%) as reinforcement are developed through cold compaction. The microstructures of the developed composite samples revealed that the yttrium reinforcement caused grain refinement up to 0.3 wt.% and beyond which the refinement is not effective. The microstructure revealed Al2Cu precipitation which strengthened the composite up to 0.3 wt.% yttrium reinforcement. Upon further increase in yttrium reinforcement, the intermetallics and the precipitation coarsen and their corresponding strengthening effect decreases. The mechanical characterization revealed that the composite sample reinforced with 0.3 wt.% yttrium showed highest mechanical properties like 82 HV of hardness, 276 MPa Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), 229 MPa Yield Strength (YS) and an elongation (EL) of 18.9% respectively. However, the relative density of the developed composites decreased with the increase in yttrium reinforcement.
", keywords = "Mechanical properties, AA 2024 matrix, yttrium reinforcement, cold compaction, precipitation. ", volume = "13", number = "9", pages = "467-4", }