Detecting Older Drivers- Stress Level during Real-World Driving Tasks

This paper presents the effect of driving a motor vehicle on the stress levels of older drivers, indicated by monitoring their hear rate increase whilst completing various everyday driving tasks. Results suggest that whilst older female drivers heart rate varied more significantly than males, the actual age of a participant did not result in a significant change in heart rate due to stress, within the age group tested. The analysis of the results indicates the most stressful manoeuvres undertaken by the older drivers and highlights the tasks which were found difficult with a view to implementing technologies to aid the more senior driver in automotive travel.




References:
[1] J.W. Mason, "Over-all" Hormonal Balance as a Key to Endocrine
Organization. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1968. 30(5): p. 18.
[2] R.M. Yerkes and J.D. Dodson, The relation of strength of stimulus to
rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and
Psychology., 1908. 18(5): p. 24.
[3] L. Hakamies-Blomqvist and B. Wahlström, Why do older drivers give up
driving? Accident Analysis & Prevention, 1998. 30(3): p. 305-312.
[4] J.D. Hill and L.N. Boyle, Driver stress as influenced by driving
maneuvers and roadway conditions. Transportation Research Part F:
Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2007. 10(3): p. 177-186.
[5] L.R. Hartley, and J. El Hassani, Stress, violations and accidents. Applied
Ergonomics, 1994. 25(4): p. 221-230.
[6] G. Rigas, C.D. Katsis, P. Bougia, and D.I. Fotiadis, A reasoning-based
framework for car driver-s stress prediction, in 16th Mediterranean
Conference on Control and Automation. 2008, IEEE: Ajaccio, France. p.
627-632.
[7] G. Matthews, L. Dorn and A. Ian Glendon, Personality correlates of
driver stress. Personality and Individual Differences, 1991. 12(6): p.
535-549.
[8] T. Kontogiannis, Patterns of driver stress and coping strategies in a
Greek sample and their relationship to aberrant behaviors and traffic
accidents. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2006. 38(5): p. 913-924.
[9] P. Rowden, G. Mattews,B. Watson, and H. Biggs, The relative impact of
work-related stress, life stress and driving environment stress on driving
outcomes. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2011. 43(4): p.
1332-1340.
[10] B. Öz, T. Özkan and T. Lajunen, Professional and non-professional
drivers- stress reactions and risky driving. Transportation Research Part
F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2010. 13(1): p. 32-40.
[11] S J. Westerman and D. Haigney, Individual differences in driver stress,
error and violation. Personality and Individual Differences, 2000. 29(5):
p. 981-998.
[12] A. Alderson, Driving a car is more stressful than going by bus, says new
research, in The Telegraph. 2010: www.telegraph.co.uk.
[13] P. A. Desmond and G. Matthews, Individual differences in stress and
fatigue in two field studies of driving. Transportation Research Part F:
Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2009. 12(4): p. 265-276.
[14] R. Lazarus and S. Folkman, Stress, Appraisal and Coping. 1984, New
York: Springer.
[15] A.M. Brewer, Road rage: What, who, when, where and how? Transport
Reviews 2000. 20(1): p. 15.
[16] E. Gulian, G. Matthews, A. I. Glendon, D. R. Davis and L. M. Debney,
The stress of driving: A diary study. Work & Stress: An International
Journal of Work, Health & Organisations, 1990. 4(1): p. 10.
[17] C. Langford and A.I. Glendon, Effects of neuroticism, extraversion,
circadian type and age on reported driver stress. Work & Stress: An
International Journal of Work, Health & Organisations 2002. 16(4): p. 19.
[18] J.L. Lucas, Flextime commuters and their driver stress, feelings of time
urgency and commute satisfaction. Journal of Business and Psychology,
2002. 16(4): p. 7.
[19] A. Ponnusamy, J.L.B. Marques, and M. Reuber, Heart rate variability
measures as biomarkers in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic
seizures: Potential and limitations. Epilepsy & Behavior, 2011.
22(4): p. 685-691.
[20] E. Gulian, G. Matthews, A. I. Glendon, D. R. Davis and L. M. Debney,
Dimensions of driver stress. Ergonomics, 1989. 32: p. 585-602.
[21] G. Matthews, L. A. Joyner, K. Gilliland, S. E. Campbell, J, Huggins and S.
Falconer, Validation of a comprehensive stress state questionnaire:
Towards a state big three?, in Personality psychology in Europe, I.
Mervielde, et al., Editors. 1999, Tilburg University Press: Tilburg. p.
335-350.
[22] J. Reason, A. Manstead, S. Stradling, J. Baxter and K. Campbell, Errors
and violations on the roads: A real distinction? Ergonomics, 1990.
33(10-11): p. 1315-1332.
[23] S. G. Hart and L.E. Staveland, Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load
Index): Results of empirical and theoretical reserch., in Human Mental
Wordload, P.A. Hancock and N. Meshkati, Editors. 1988, Elsevier
Science: Amsterdam. p. 139-184.
[24] R. Matthews, S. Legg, and S. Charlton, The effect of cell phone type on
drivers subjective workload during concurrent driving and conversing.
Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2003. 35(4): p. 451-457.
[25] D. L. Fisher, M.Rizzo, J.K Caird and J. D. Lee, eds. Handbook of driving
simulation for engineering, medicine and psychology. 2011, Taylor and
Francis Group: United States of Amercia.
[26] J. A. Healey and R.W. Picard, Detecting stress during real-world driving
tasks using physiological sensors. Intelligent Transportation Systems,
IEEE Transactions on, 2005. 6(2): p. 156-166.
[27] E. von Borell, et al, Heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic
regulation of cardiac activity for assessing stress and welfare in farm
animals ÔÇö A review. Physiology & Behavior, 2007. 92(3): p.
293-316.
[28] W. Guo, J.F. Brake, S. Edwards, PT Blythe and R Fairchild,The
Application of In-Vehicle Systems for Elderly Drivers. European
Transport Research Review, 2010.
[29] C. Emmerson, W. Guo, P.T. Blythe, A. Namdeoand S. Edwards,
In-Vehicle Navigation Systems and Older Drivers, in 19th Intelligent
Transport Systems World Congress 2012: Vienna, Austria.