Comparison of Current Chinese and Japanese Design Specification for Bridge Pile in Liquefied Ground
Firstly, this study briefly presents the current situation that there exists a vast gap between current Chinese and Japanese seismic design specification for bridge pile foundation in liquefiable and liquefaction-induced lateral spreading ground; The Chinese and Japanese seismic design method and technical detail for bridge pile foundation in liquefying and lateral spreading ground are described and compared systematically and comprehensively, the methods of determining coefficient of subgrade reaction and its reduction factor as well as the computing mode of the applied force on pile foundation due to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading soil in Japanese design specification are especially introduced. Subsequently, the comparison indicates that the content of Chinese seismic design specification for bridge pile foundation in liquefiable and liquefaction-induced lateral spreading ground, just presenting some qualitative items, is too general and lacks systematicness and maneuverability. Finally, some defects of seismic design specification in China are summarized, so the improvement and revision of specification in the field turns out to be imperative for China, some key problems of current Chinese specifications are generalized and the corresponding improvement suggestions are proposed.
[1] J. Berrill , S.Yasuda," Liquefaction and piled foundations" some issues
(J). Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2002, 6 (1):1-40.
[2] J T. Ding, S Z. Jiang, F. Bao, "Review of Seismic damage to bridges in
Tangsham earthquake (J). World Earthquake Engineering, 2006,
(01):68-71.
[3] H S.Liu," A case Analysis of Earthq Damage of Pile Foundations (J).
Earthquake Resistant Engineering", 1999, (01):37-43.
[4] H S. Liu, "A Discussion on Seismic Design of Pile Foundation (J).
Earthquake Resistant Engineering", 2000, (03):27-32.
[5] H S. Liu, "Liquefaction characteristics of Kobe Earthquake in 1995 (J).
Earthquake Resistant Engineering", 2001, (01):22-26.
[6] G X. Chen ,"Some Opinion and Proposition on the Formulas of the
Liquefaiction Estimation of Sandy Soils in Six Aseismic Design Codes
in China (J)". Journal of Nanjing Architectural and Civil Engineering
Institute,1995, (2):54-61.
[7] G X. Chen," Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering(M)". Beijing:
Science Publishing, 2007.
[8] L M. Sun, L C. Fan, "Revisions of Seismic Design Codes on Bridges in
Japan after Kobe Earthquake (J)". Journal of Tongji University, 2001, 29
(1):60-64.
[9] JTJ 004-89[JTJ 004-89, 公路工程抗震设计规范(S). S).
[10] JTGTB 02-01-2008 JTGTB 02-01-2008, 公路桥梁抗震设计细则(S).
(S).
[11] GB J111-2006 GB J111-2006, 铁路工程抗震设计规范(S). (S).
[12] The research committee of JGS (2004). Proceedings of the symposium
for a pile foundation design in liquefiable ground. (in Japanese)
[13] X Z. Ling, D S. Wang," Study on shaking table test for seismic
interaction of pile-soil-bridge structure in case of soil liquefaction
caused by earthquake (J)". Earthquake Engineering and Engineering
Vibration, 2002, 22 (4):51-59.
[14] Japan Road Association (JRA) (2002). Specifications for highway
bridges, part V: seismic design. (in Japanese)
[15] Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI) (2002). Design standard
for railway facilities-seismic design. (in Japanese)
[16] K.Ishihara,"Liquefaction and flow failure during earthquake.
Geotechnique (J)", 1993, 43 (3):351-415.
[17] I.Towhata, Y. Sasaki , et al. "Prediction of permanent displacement of
liquefied ground by means of minimum energy principle (J)". Soils and
Foundations, 1992, 32 (3);97-116.
[18] R.Ricardo, T H. Abdoun. "Effect of Lateral Stiffness of Superstructure
on Bending Moments of Pile Foundation due to Liquefaction-Induced
Lateral Spreading". 12WCEE, 2000, NO. 0902.
[19] R et al.Uzuoka, "Fluid Dynamics Based Prediction of Liquefaction
Induced Lateral Spreading (J)". Computers and Geotechnics, 1998, 22
(3/4): 243-282.
[20] DW.Wilson, RW. Boulanger and BL.Kutter," Observed seismic lateral
resistance of liquefying sand (J)". J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng, 2000,
126 (10):898-906.
[21] Y R. Li , X M .Yuan." State-of-art of study on influences of
liquefaction-induced soil spreading over pile foundation response (J)".
World Information On Earthquake Engineering, 2004, 22 (2):17-22.
[22] J M. Zhang ."Effect of Large Horizontal Post-liquefaction Deformation
of Level Ground on Pile Foundation (J)". Journal of Building Structures,
2001, 22 (05):75-78.
[23] T .Abdoun, R .Dobry. "Evaluation of pile foundation response to lateral
spreading (J)". Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering, 2002, 22:
1051-1058.
[24] K .Tokinatsu, H .Suzuki, M .Sato. "Effects of inertial and kinematic
interaction on seismic behavior of pile with embedded foundation (J)".
Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering, 2005, 25: 753-762.
[25] DS .Liyanapathirana, HG .Poulos. "Pseudostatic approach for seismic
analysis of piles in liquefying soil (J)". J. Geotech Geoenviron. Eng.,
2005, 131(12): 1480-1487.
[26] A .Elgamal, Z .Yang, E .Parra. "Computational modeling of cyclic
mobility and post-liquefaction site response (J)". Soil Dynamic and
Earthquake Engineering, 2002, 22: 259-271.
[27] Z J .Shi, L M .Wang. "Dynamic characteristics of soil-Liquefaction
potential and hazard assessment (M)". Beijing: Earthquake Press, 1999.
[28] K X .Zhang, J F .Xie. "Soil Dynamics (M)". Beijing: Earthquake Press,
1989.
[29] SF .Barlett, LT .Youd. "Empirical prediction of liquefaction-induced
lateral spread (J)". J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 1995, 121 (4):316-329.
[30] D .Badoni, N .Makris." Nonlinear response of single piles under lateral
inertial and seismic loads (J)". Soil Dynamics and Earthquake
Engineering, 1996, 15: 29-43.
[1] J. Berrill , S.Yasuda," Liquefaction and piled foundations" some issues
(J). Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2002, 6 (1):1-40.
[2] J T. Ding, S Z. Jiang, F. Bao, "Review of Seismic damage to bridges in
Tangsham earthquake (J). World Earthquake Engineering, 2006,
(01):68-71.
[3] H S.Liu," A case Analysis of Earthq Damage of Pile Foundations (J).
Earthquake Resistant Engineering", 1999, (01):37-43.
[4] H S. Liu, "A Discussion on Seismic Design of Pile Foundation (J).
Earthquake Resistant Engineering", 2000, (03):27-32.
[5] H S. Liu, "Liquefaction characteristics of Kobe Earthquake in 1995 (J).
Earthquake Resistant Engineering", 2001, (01):22-26.
[6] G X. Chen ,"Some Opinion and Proposition on the Formulas of the
Liquefaiction Estimation of Sandy Soils in Six Aseismic Design Codes
in China (J)". Journal of Nanjing Architectural and Civil Engineering
Institute,1995, (2):54-61.
[7] G X. Chen," Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering(M)". Beijing:
Science Publishing, 2007.
[8] L M. Sun, L C. Fan, "Revisions of Seismic Design Codes on Bridges in
Japan after Kobe Earthquake (J)". Journal of Tongji University, 2001, 29
(1):60-64.
[9] JTJ 004-89[JTJ 004-89, 公路工程抗震设计规范(S). S).
[10] JTGTB 02-01-2008 JTGTB 02-01-2008, 公路桥梁抗震设计细则(S).
(S).
[11] GB J111-2006 GB J111-2006, 铁路工程抗震设计规范(S). (S).
[12] The research committee of JGS (2004). Proceedings of the symposium
for a pile foundation design in liquefiable ground. (in Japanese)
[13] X Z. Ling, D S. Wang," Study on shaking table test for seismic
interaction of pile-soil-bridge structure in case of soil liquefaction
caused by earthquake (J)". Earthquake Engineering and Engineering
Vibration, 2002, 22 (4):51-59.
[14] Japan Road Association (JRA) (2002). Specifications for highway
bridges, part V: seismic design. (in Japanese)
[15] Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI) (2002). Design standard
for railway facilities-seismic design. (in Japanese)
[16] K.Ishihara,"Liquefaction and flow failure during earthquake.
Geotechnique (J)", 1993, 43 (3):351-415.
[17] I.Towhata, Y. Sasaki , et al. "Prediction of permanent displacement of
liquefied ground by means of minimum energy principle (J)". Soils and
Foundations, 1992, 32 (3);97-116.
[18] R.Ricardo, T H. Abdoun. "Effect of Lateral Stiffness of Superstructure
on Bending Moments of Pile Foundation due to Liquefaction-Induced
Lateral Spreading". 12WCEE, 2000, NO. 0902.
[19] R et al.Uzuoka, "Fluid Dynamics Based Prediction of Liquefaction
Induced Lateral Spreading (J)". Computers and Geotechnics, 1998, 22
(3/4): 243-282.
[20] DW.Wilson, RW. Boulanger and BL.Kutter," Observed seismic lateral
resistance of liquefying sand (J)". J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng, 2000,
126 (10):898-906.
[21] Y R. Li , X M .Yuan." State-of-art of study on influences of
liquefaction-induced soil spreading over pile foundation response (J)".
World Information On Earthquake Engineering, 2004, 22 (2):17-22.
[22] J M. Zhang ."Effect of Large Horizontal Post-liquefaction Deformation
of Level Ground on Pile Foundation (J)". Journal of Building Structures,
2001, 22 (05):75-78.
[23] T .Abdoun, R .Dobry. "Evaluation of pile foundation response to lateral
spreading (J)". Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering, 2002, 22:
1051-1058.
[24] K .Tokinatsu, H .Suzuki, M .Sato. "Effects of inertial and kinematic
interaction on seismic behavior of pile with embedded foundation (J)".
Soil Dynamic and Earthquake Engineering, 2005, 25: 753-762.
[25] DS .Liyanapathirana, HG .Poulos. "Pseudostatic approach for seismic
analysis of piles in liquefying soil (J)". J. Geotech Geoenviron. Eng.,
2005, 131(12): 1480-1487.
[26] A .Elgamal, Z .Yang, E .Parra. "Computational modeling of cyclic
mobility and post-liquefaction site response (J)". Soil Dynamic and
Earthquake Engineering, 2002, 22: 259-271.
[27] Z J .Shi, L M .Wang. "Dynamic characteristics of soil-Liquefaction
potential and hazard assessment (M)". Beijing: Earthquake Press, 1999.
[28] K X .Zhang, J F .Xie. "Soil Dynamics (M)". Beijing: Earthquake Press,
1989.
[29] SF .Barlett, LT .Youd. "Empirical prediction of liquefaction-induced
lateral spread (J)". J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 1995, 121 (4):316-329.
[30] D .Badoni, N .Makris." Nonlinear response of single piles under lateral
inertial and seismic loads (J)". Soil Dynamics and Earthquake
Engineering, 1996, 15: 29-43.
@article{"International Journal of Architectural, Civil and Construction Sciences:54212", author = "Baydaa H. Maula and Ling Zhang and Tang Liang and Gao Xia and Xu Peng-Ju and Zhang Yong-Qiang and Kang Jie and Su Lei", title = "Comparison of Current Chinese and Japanese Design Specification for Bridge Pile in Liquefied Ground", abstract = "Firstly, this study briefly presents the current situation that there exists a vast gap between current Chinese and Japanese seismic design specification for bridge pile foundation in liquefiable and liquefaction-induced lateral spreading ground; The Chinese and Japanese seismic design method and technical detail for bridge pile foundation in liquefying and lateral spreading ground are described and compared systematically and comprehensively, the methods of determining coefficient of subgrade reaction and its reduction factor as well as the computing mode of the applied force on pile foundation due to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading soil in Japanese design specification are especially introduced. Subsequently, the comparison indicates that the content of Chinese seismic design specification for bridge pile foundation in liquefiable and liquefaction-induced lateral spreading ground, just presenting some qualitative items, is too general and lacks systematicness and maneuverability. Finally, some defects of seismic design specification in China are summarized, so the improvement and revision of specification in the field turns out to be imperative for China, some key problems of current Chinese specifications are generalized and the corresponding improvement suggestions are proposed.
", keywords = "liquefying soil, laterally spreading ground, seismic
design specification for bridge pile foundation.", volume = "5", number = "1", pages = "22-6", }
