Comparative Characterization Study of Malaysian Sand as Proppant
This paper presents a review on published literature
and experimental works on local sands for possible use as proppant,
specifically those from Terengganu coastal area. This includes
examination on characteristics of sand samples and selection of
experiments for proppant testing. Sand samples from identified areas
were tested according to particle size distribution, density, roundness
and sphericity, turbidity and mineralogy. Results from sand samples
were compared against proppant specifications set by API RP 56 and
selected commercial proppants. The present study found that the size
distribution, sphericity, turbidity and bulk density of Terengganu
sands are at par with some of commercial proppants. Nevertheless,
Terengganu sand samples do not completely surpass the required
roundness for use as proppant.
[1] Veatch Jr., R.W., Moschovidis, Z.A., and Fast, C.R. (1989) "An
Overview of Hydraulic Fracturing," Recent Advunces in Hydraulic
Fracturing, Monograph Series, SPE, Richardson, TX, 12, 1.
[2] Energy in Depth, (2011). History of Hydraulic Fracturing,
www.energyindepth.org/in-depth/frac-in-depth/ Date accessed: Jan. 24,
2011.
[3] Kwan, P. T. (2006). The Mineral Industry of Malaysia 2006. G.
Survey, US Department of Interior,
www.minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/Date accessed: Feb.
24, 2009.
[4] Youngman, R., Okel, P., Akbar, S. (2002), "Proppant Composition for
Gas and Oil Well Fracturing," Fairmount Minerals, Ltd.
[5] Economides, M. and Nolte, K.G. (2000). Reservoir Stimulation, 3rd,
Schlumberger Ed. Services.
[6] Vreeburg, R.J., Roodhart, L.P., Davies, D.R., and Penny, G.S.(1994)
"SPE 27382:Proppant Backproduction during Hydraulic Fracturing -
A New Failure Mechanism for Resin-Coated Proppants.".
[7] Weaver, J.D., Rickman, R. and Luo, H., Halliburton (2008): "SPE
118174-MS: Fracture Conductivity Loss Due to Geochemical
Interactions Between Man-Made Proppants and Formations", SPE
Eastern Regional/AAPG Eastern Section Joint Meeting, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, USA (11-15 October 2008).
[8] Weaver, J.D., Rickman, R., Luo, H. and Loghry, R. Halliburton (2009):
"SPE 121465: A Study of Proppant-Formation Reactions", SPE
International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry held in The
Woodlands, Texas, USA (20-22 April 2009).
[9] API Recommended Practice 56 (1995) "Recommended Practices for
Testing High-Strength Proppants Used in Hydraulic Fracturing
Operations," 2nd edition.
[10] ISO, ANSI and API (2008). Measurement of Properties of Proppants
Used in Hydraulic Fracturing and Gravel-packing Operations. ISO
13503-2:2006.
[11] Aw, P. C. (1978). "Geological Survey Report: Silica Sand Deposits at
Batu Tampin and Kampung Meraga, Kemaman, Terengganu."
Geological Survey Report, Mineralogy and Geoscience Department,
Malaysia.
[12] Aw, P. C. (1979). "Silica Sand Deposit at Bukit Senyamok, Dungun,
Terengganu." Geological Survey Report, Department of Mineralogy
and Geoscience, Malaysia.
[13] Aw, P. C. (1989). "Silica Sand Deposit at Kampung Rantau Abang 'B',
Terengganu." Industrial Mineral Assessment Report, Department
Mineralogy and Geoscience, Malaysia.
[14] Aw, P. C. (1989). "Silica Sand Deposit West of Kampung Kuala
Abang, Terengganu." Geological Survey of Malaysia, Department of
Mineralogy and Geoscience, Malaysia.
[15] U.S. Silica, 2010 Product Data, "Ottawa White Frac Sand
Series."www.u-s-silica.com/media/22106/ottwhitefrac2010.pdf Date
access: March 14, 2011.
[16] Middle East Regional Development Enterprises (MEREN). 2005
Product Data Sheet (2005), MEREN Silica,
www.meren.jo/Frac%20Sand%2040-70%20_MFS3.pdf/ Date access:
March 21, 2011.
[17] Adwan Chemical Company, (2006). "Adwan Frac Sand Compliance
with API RP 56 Standard", www.adwanchem. com/RP56.html/ Date
access: March 21, 2011.
[18] Carbo Ceramics. 2010 Tech Sheet (2010), Carbo Econoprop,
www.carboceramics .com/ceramics/tech-sheets/ Date accessed: March.
23, 2011.
[19] Phillip B. Kaufman, C. C. R. W. A., Weatherford International; Mark
Ziegler, Unimin Corporation; Aidner R. Neves, Sintex Minerals; Mark
A. Parker, Halliburton Energy Services; Kathy Abney, Stim-Lab Inc.;
Gabriel Warwick Kerr de Paiva Cortes, Mineracao Curimbaba LTDA;
Sara Joyce, Badger Mining; and Glenn S. Penny, CESI Chemical
(2007)" SPE 110697: Introduction New API / ISO Procedures for
Proppant Testing", Society of Petroleum Engineers, presented in 2007
SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (Anaheim,
California, USA, 2007).
[20] Cheung, S. K. (1988). "Effects of acids on Gravels and Proppants."
SPE Production Engineering. Volume 3, Number 2: 201-204.
[1] Veatch Jr., R.W., Moschovidis, Z.A., and Fast, C.R. (1989) "An
Overview of Hydraulic Fracturing," Recent Advunces in Hydraulic
Fracturing, Monograph Series, SPE, Richardson, TX, 12, 1.
[2] Energy in Depth, (2011). History of Hydraulic Fracturing,
www.energyindepth.org/in-depth/frac-in-depth/ Date accessed: Jan. 24,
2011.
[3] Kwan, P. T. (2006). The Mineral Industry of Malaysia 2006. G.
Survey, US Department of Interior,
www.minerals.er.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/Date accessed: Feb.
24, 2009.
[4] Youngman, R., Okel, P., Akbar, S. (2002), "Proppant Composition for
Gas and Oil Well Fracturing," Fairmount Minerals, Ltd.
[5] Economides, M. and Nolte, K.G. (2000). Reservoir Stimulation, 3rd,
Schlumberger Ed. Services.
[6] Vreeburg, R.J., Roodhart, L.P., Davies, D.R., and Penny, G.S.(1994)
"SPE 27382:Proppant Backproduction during Hydraulic Fracturing -
A New Failure Mechanism for Resin-Coated Proppants.".
[7] Weaver, J.D., Rickman, R. and Luo, H., Halliburton (2008): "SPE
118174-MS: Fracture Conductivity Loss Due to Geochemical
Interactions Between Man-Made Proppants and Formations", SPE
Eastern Regional/AAPG Eastern Section Joint Meeting, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, USA (11-15 October 2008).
[8] Weaver, J.D., Rickman, R., Luo, H. and Loghry, R. Halliburton (2009):
"SPE 121465: A Study of Proppant-Formation Reactions", SPE
International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry held in The
Woodlands, Texas, USA (20-22 April 2009).
[9] API Recommended Practice 56 (1995) "Recommended Practices for
Testing High-Strength Proppants Used in Hydraulic Fracturing
Operations," 2nd edition.
[10] ISO, ANSI and API (2008). Measurement of Properties of Proppants
Used in Hydraulic Fracturing and Gravel-packing Operations. ISO
13503-2:2006.
[11] Aw, P. C. (1978). "Geological Survey Report: Silica Sand Deposits at
Batu Tampin and Kampung Meraga, Kemaman, Terengganu."
Geological Survey Report, Mineralogy and Geoscience Department,
Malaysia.
[12] Aw, P. C. (1979). "Silica Sand Deposit at Bukit Senyamok, Dungun,
Terengganu." Geological Survey Report, Department of Mineralogy
and Geoscience, Malaysia.
[13] Aw, P. C. (1989). "Silica Sand Deposit at Kampung Rantau Abang 'B',
Terengganu." Industrial Mineral Assessment Report, Department
Mineralogy and Geoscience, Malaysia.
[14] Aw, P. C. (1989). "Silica Sand Deposit West of Kampung Kuala
Abang, Terengganu." Geological Survey of Malaysia, Department of
Mineralogy and Geoscience, Malaysia.
[15] U.S. Silica, 2010 Product Data, "Ottawa White Frac Sand
Series."www.u-s-silica.com/media/22106/ottwhitefrac2010.pdf Date
access: March 14, 2011.
[16] Middle East Regional Development Enterprises (MEREN). 2005
Product Data Sheet (2005), MEREN Silica,
www.meren.jo/Frac%20Sand%2040-70%20_MFS3.pdf/ Date access:
March 21, 2011.
[17] Adwan Chemical Company, (2006). "Adwan Frac Sand Compliance
with API RP 56 Standard", www.adwanchem. com/RP56.html/ Date
access: March 21, 2011.
[18] Carbo Ceramics. 2010 Tech Sheet (2010), Carbo Econoprop,
www.carboceramics .com/ceramics/tech-sheets/ Date accessed: March.
23, 2011.
[19] Phillip B. Kaufman, C. C. R. W. A., Weatherford International; Mark
Ziegler, Unimin Corporation; Aidner R. Neves, Sintex Minerals; Mark
A. Parker, Halliburton Energy Services; Kathy Abney, Stim-Lab Inc.;
Gabriel Warwick Kerr de Paiva Cortes, Mineracao Curimbaba LTDA;
Sara Joyce, Badger Mining; and Glenn S. Penny, CESI Chemical
(2007)" SPE 110697: Introduction New API / ISO Procedures for
Proppant Testing", Society of Petroleum Engineers, presented in 2007
SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (Anaheim,
California, USA, 2007).
[20] Cheung, S. K. (1988). "Effects of acids on Gravels and Proppants."
SPE Production Engineering. Volume 3, Number 2: 201-204.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:50687", author = "Dahlila Kamat and Ismail Mohd Saaid and Iskandar Dzulkarnain", title = "Comparative Characterization Study of Malaysian Sand as Proppant", abstract = "This paper presents a review on published literature
and experimental works on local sands for possible use as proppant,
specifically those from Terengganu coastal area. This includes
examination on characteristics of sand samples and selection of
experiments for proppant testing. Sand samples from identified areas
were tested according to particle size distribution, density, roundness
and sphericity, turbidity and mineralogy. Results from sand samples
were compared against proppant specifications set by API RP 56 and
selected commercial proppants. The present study found that the size
distribution, sphericity, turbidity and bulk density of Terengganu
sands are at par with some of commercial proppants. Nevertheless,
Terengganu sand samples do not completely surpass the required
roundness for use as proppant.", keywords = "Hydraulic fracturing, Malaysia sand, proppant, wellstimulation.", volume = "5", number = "9", pages = "482-6", }
