Characterization of Pure Nickel Coatings Fabricated under Pulse Current Conditions
Pure nickel coatings have been successfully
electrodeposited on copper substrates by the pulse plating technique.
The influence of current density, duty cycle and pulse frequency on
the surface morphology, crystal orientation, and microhardness was
determined. It was found that the crystallite size of the deposit
increases with increasing current density and duty cycle. The crystal
orientation progressively changed from a random texture at 1 A/dm2
to (200) texture at 10 A/dm2. Increasing pulse frequency resulted in
increased texture coefficient and peak intensity of (111) reflection.
An increase in duty cycle resulted in considerable increase in texture
coefficient and peak intensity of (311) reflection. Coatings obtained
at high current densities and duty cycle present a mixed morphology
of small and large grains. Maximum microhardness of 193 Hv was
achieved at 4 A/dm2, 10 Hz and duty cycle of 50%. Nickel coatings
with (200) texture are ductile while (111) texture improves the
microhardness of the coatings.
[1] H. Omidvar, M. Sajjadnejad, G. Stremsdoerfer, Y. Meas, and A.
Mozafari, “Manufacturing Ternary Alloy NiBP-PTFE Composite
Coatings by Dynamic Chemical Plating Process”, Mater. Manuf.
Process., 2015 (just accepted).
[2] M. Sajjadnejad, M. Ghorbani, and A. Afshar, “Microstructure-corrosion
resistance relationship of direct and pulse current electrodeposited Zn-
TiO2 nanocomposite coatings”, Ceram. Int., Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 217-
224, 2015.
[3] A. El-Sherik and U. Erb, “Synthesis of bulk nanocrystalline nickel by
pulsed electrodeposition”, J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 30, No. 22, pp. 5743-
5749, 1995.
[4] C.A. Huang, C.Y. Chen, C.C. Hsu, and C.S. Lin, “Characterization of
Cr–Ni multilayers electroplated from a chromium (III)–nickel (II) bath
using pulse current”, Scr. mater., Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 61-64, 2007.
[5] Y. Li, H. Jiang, W. Huang, and H. Tian, “Effects of peak current density
on the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Ni–Co alloys produced
by pulse electrodeposition”, Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 254, No. 21, pp. 6865-
6869, 2008.
[6] M. Sajjadnejad, A. Mozafari, H. Omidvar, and M. Javanbakht,
“Preparation and corrosion resistance of pulse electrodeposited Zn and
Zn–SiC nanocomposite coatings”, Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 300, No. pp. 1-
7, 2014.
[7] M. Schlesinger and M. Paunovic, Modern electroplating, New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 2011, Ch.3.
[8] Y. Xuetao, W. Yu, S. Dongbai, and Y. Hongying, “Influence of pulse
parameters on the microstructure and microhardness of nickel
electrodeposits”, Surf. Coat. Technol., Vol. 202, No. 9, pp. 1895-1903,
2008.
[9] M. Chandrasekar and M. Pushpavanam, “Pulse and pulse reverse
plating—Conceptual, advantages and applications”, Electrochim. Acta,
Vol. 53, No. 8, pp. 3313-3322, 2008.
[10] N.A. Badarulzaman, A.A. Mohamad, S. Puwadaria, and Z.A. Ahmad,
“The evaluation of nickel deposit obtained via Watts electrolyte at
ambient temperature”, J.coat. technol. research, Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 815-
820, 2010.
[11] C. Kollia, N. Spyrellis, J. Amblard, M. Froment, and G. Maurin, “Nickel
plating by pulse electrolysis: textural and microstructural modifications
due to adsorption/desorption phenomena”, J. appl. electrochem., Vol. 20,
No. 6, pp. 1025-1032, 1990.
[12] L. Chen, L. Wang, Z. Zeng, and T. Xu, “Influence of pulse frequency on
the microstructure and wear resistance of electrodeposited Ni–Al 2 O 3
composite coatings”, Surf. Coat.Technol., Vol. 201, No. 3, pp. 599-605,
2006.
[13] S. Wang, E. Tian, and C. Lung, “Surface energy of arbitrary crystal
plane of bcc and fcc metals”, J.Physic. Chem. Solid., Vol. 61, No. 8, pp.
1295-1300, 2000.
[14] H. Sohrabi, S. Tabaian, H. Omidvar, M. Sajjadnejad, and A. Mozafari,
“Synthesis of Nanostructured TiO2 Coatings by Sol-Gel Method:
Structural and Morphological Studies”, Synth. React. Inorg. M.”, 2015
(just accepted).
[15] F. Ebrahimi and Z. Ahmed, “The effect of current density on properties
of electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel”, J. appl. electrochem., Vol.
33, No. 8, pp. 733-739, 2003.
[16] A. Cziraki, B. Fogarassy, I. Geröcs, E. Tóth-Kádár, and I. Bakonyi,
“Microstructure and growth of electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel
foils”, J. mater. sci., Vol. 29, No. 18, pp. 4771-4777, 1994.
[17] K. Haug and T. Jenkins, “Effects of hydrogen on the three-dimensional
epitaxial growth of Ni (100),(110), and (111) ”, The J.Physic. Chem. B,
Vol. 104, No. 43, pp. 10017-10023, 2000.
[18] S.A. Calbeto, “Nickel matrix micro/nano SiC composite
electrodeposition”. 2011, Polytechnic University of Catalonia. p. 53.
[19] I. Matsui, Y. Takigawa, T. Uesugi, and K. Higashi, “Enhanced tensile
ductility in bulk nanocrystalline nickel electrodeposited by sulfamate
bath”, Mater. Letter., Vol. 65, No. 15, pp. 2351-2353, 2011.
[1] H. Omidvar, M. Sajjadnejad, G. Stremsdoerfer, Y. Meas, and A.
Mozafari, “Manufacturing Ternary Alloy NiBP-PTFE Composite
Coatings by Dynamic Chemical Plating Process”, Mater. Manuf.
Process., 2015 (just accepted).
[2] M. Sajjadnejad, M. Ghorbani, and A. Afshar, “Microstructure-corrosion
resistance relationship of direct and pulse current electrodeposited Zn-
TiO2 nanocomposite coatings”, Ceram. Int., Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 217-
224, 2015.
[3] A. El-Sherik and U. Erb, “Synthesis of bulk nanocrystalline nickel by
pulsed electrodeposition”, J. Mater. Sci., Vol. 30, No. 22, pp. 5743-
5749, 1995.
[4] C.A. Huang, C.Y. Chen, C.C. Hsu, and C.S. Lin, “Characterization of
Cr–Ni multilayers electroplated from a chromium (III)–nickel (II) bath
using pulse current”, Scr. mater., Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 61-64, 2007.
[5] Y. Li, H. Jiang, W. Huang, and H. Tian, “Effects of peak current density
on the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Ni–Co alloys produced
by pulse electrodeposition”, Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 254, No. 21, pp. 6865-
6869, 2008.
[6] M. Sajjadnejad, A. Mozafari, H. Omidvar, and M. Javanbakht,
“Preparation and corrosion resistance of pulse electrodeposited Zn and
Zn–SiC nanocomposite coatings”, Appl. Surf. Sci., Vol. 300, No. pp. 1-
7, 2014.
[7] M. Schlesinger and M. Paunovic, Modern electroplating, New York,
John Wiley & Sons, 2011, Ch.3.
[8] Y. Xuetao, W. Yu, S. Dongbai, and Y. Hongying, “Influence of pulse
parameters on the microstructure and microhardness of nickel
electrodeposits”, Surf. Coat. Technol., Vol. 202, No. 9, pp. 1895-1903,
2008.
[9] M. Chandrasekar and M. Pushpavanam, “Pulse and pulse reverse
plating—Conceptual, advantages and applications”, Electrochim. Acta,
Vol. 53, No. 8, pp. 3313-3322, 2008.
[10] N.A. Badarulzaman, A.A. Mohamad, S. Puwadaria, and Z.A. Ahmad,
“The evaluation of nickel deposit obtained via Watts electrolyte at
ambient temperature”, J.coat. technol. research, Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 815-
820, 2010.
[11] C. Kollia, N. Spyrellis, J. Amblard, M. Froment, and G. Maurin, “Nickel
plating by pulse electrolysis: textural and microstructural modifications
due to adsorption/desorption phenomena”, J. appl. electrochem., Vol. 20,
No. 6, pp. 1025-1032, 1990.
[12] L. Chen, L. Wang, Z. Zeng, and T. Xu, “Influence of pulse frequency on
the microstructure and wear resistance of electrodeposited Ni–Al 2 O 3
composite coatings”, Surf. Coat.Technol., Vol. 201, No. 3, pp. 599-605,
2006.
[13] S. Wang, E. Tian, and C. Lung, “Surface energy of arbitrary crystal
plane of bcc and fcc metals”, J.Physic. Chem. Solid., Vol. 61, No. 8, pp.
1295-1300, 2000.
[14] H. Sohrabi, S. Tabaian, H. Omidvar, M. Sajjadnejad, and A. Mozafari,
“Synthesis of Nanostructured TiO2 Coatings by Sol-Gel Method:
Structural and Morphological Studies”, Synth. React. Inorg. M.”, 2015
(just accepted).
[15] F. Ebrahimi and Z. Ahmed, “The effect of current density on properties
of electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel”, J. appl. electrochem., Vol.
33, No. 8, pp. 733-739, 2003.
[16] A. Cziraki, B. Fogarassy, I. Geröcs, E. Tóth-Kádár, and I. Bakonyi,
“Microstructure and growth of electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel
foils”, J. mater. sci., Vol. 29, No. 18, pp. 4771-4777, 1994.
[17] K. Haug and T. Jenkins, “Effects of hydrogen on the three-dimensional
epitaxial growth of Ni (100),(110), and (111) ”, The J.Physic. Chem. B,
Vol. 104, No. 43, pp. 10017-10023, 2000.
[18] S.A. Calbeto, “Nickel matrix micro/nano SiC composite
electrodeposition”. 2011, Polytechnic University of Catalonia. p. 53.
[19] I. Matsui, Y. Takigawa, T. Uesugi, and K. Higashi, “Enhanced tensile
ductility in bulk nanocrystalline nickel electrodeposited by sulfamate
bath”, Mater. Letter., Vol. 65, No. 15, pp. 2351-2353, 2011.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:71335", author = "M. Sajjadnejad and H. Omidvar and M. Javanbakht and A. Mozafari", title = "Characterization of Pure Nickel Coatings Fabricated under Pulse Current Conditions", abstract = "Pure nickel coatings have been successfully
electrodeposited on copper substrates by the pulse plating technique.
The influence of current density, duty cycle and pulse frequency on
the surface morphology, crystal orientation, and microhardness was
determined. It was found that the crystallite size of the deposit
increases with increasing current density and duty cycle. The crystal
orientation progressively changed from a random texture at 1 A/dm2
to (200) texture at 10 A/dm2. Increasing pulse frequency resulted in
increased texture coefficient and peak intensity of (111) reflection.
An increase in duty cycle resulted in considerable increase in texture
coefficient and peak intensity of (311) reflection. Coatings obtained
at high current densities and duty cycle present a mixed morphology
of small and large grains. Maximum microhardness of 193 Hv was
achieved at 4 A/dm2, 10 Hz and duty cycle of 50%. Nickel coatings
with (200) texture are ductile while (111) texture improves the
microhardness of the coatings.", keywords = "Current density, Duty cycle, Microstructure, Nickel,
Pulse frequency.", volume = "9", number = "8", pages = "1061-5", }
