Characterization and Predictors of Paranoid Ideation in Youths
Paranoid ideation is a common thought process that
constitutes a defense against perceived social threats. The current
study aimed at the characterization of paranoid ideation in youths and
to explore the possible predictors involved in the development of
paranoid ideations. Paranoid ideation, shame, submission, early
childhood memories and current depressive, anxious and stress
symptomatology were assessed in a sample of 1516 Portuguese
youths. Higher frequencies of paranoid ideation were observed,
particularly in females and youths from lower socioeconomic status.
The main predictors identified relates to submissive behaviors and
adverse childhood experiences, and especially to shame feelings. The
current study emphasizes that the these predictors are similar to
findings in adults and clinical populations, and future implications to
research and clinical practice aiming at paranoid ideations are
discussed, as well as the pertinence of the study of mediating factors
that allow a wider understanding of this thought process in younger
populations and the prevention of psychopathology in adulthood.
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humans: their role in some psychiatric disorders,” Br. J. Med. Psychol.,
vol. 71, pp. 417–445, Dec. 1998.
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identity? The centrality of shame memories predicts psychopathology,”
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development, affect regulation, and infant mental health,” Spec. Issue
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201-269, Jan. 2011
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Cosgrave, “Psychotic-like experiences in a community sample of
adolescents: implications for the continuum model of psychosis and
prediction of schizophrenia”, Aust New Zeal J. Psychiat, vol.43, pp.118-
128, Aug. 2009.
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Interpersonal Attachments as a Fundamental Human Motivation,”
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“Formation of delusional ideation in adolescents hearing voices: a
prospective study,” Am. J. Med. Genet., vol. 114, no. 8, pp. 913–20,
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“Psychotic-Like Experiences in Non-Clinical Adolescents,” in
Hallucinations: Types, Stages and Treatments, M. Payne, Ed. Spain:
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“Evidence that the outcome of developmental expression of psychosis is
worse for adolescents growing up in an urban environment,” Psychol.
Med., vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 407–15, Mar. 2006.
[9] H. Verdoux, S. Maurice-Tison, B. Gay, J. Van Os, R. Salamon, and M.
L. Bourgeois, “A survey of delusional ideation in primary-care patients,”
Psychol. Med., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 127–34, Jan. 1998.
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theory of two types of paranoia,” Clin. Psychol. Sci. Pract., vol. 2, no. 3,
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population of college students,” J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., vol. 191, no. 7, pp.
425–30, Jul. 2003.
[13] A. Fenigstein and P. Vanable, “Paranoia and self-consciousness,” J.
Pers. Soc. Psychol., vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 129–38, Jan. 1992.
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direct influence of emotion on delusions and hallucinations,” Behav.
Res. Ther., vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 923–947, Aug. 2003.
[15] D. Freeman, “Psychological investigation of the structure of paranoia in
a non-clinical population,” Br. J. Psychiatry, vol. 186, no. 5, pp. 427–
435, May 2005.
[16] P. Gilbert, M. Boxall, M. Cheung, and C. Irons, “The relation of
paranoid ideation and social anxiety in a mixed clinical population,”
Clin. Psychol. Psychother., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 124–133, Apr. 2005.
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Allyn and Bacon, 1999.
[18] P. Gilbert, “Evolutionary approaches to psychopathology: the role of
natural defenses,” Aust New Zeal J Psychiat, vol. 35, no. September
2000, pp. 17–27, Feb. 2001.
[19] L. Sloman, P. Gilbert, and G. Hasey, “Evolved mechanisms in
depression: The role and interaction of attachment and social rank in
depression,” J. Affect. Disord., vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 107–121, Apr. 2003.
[20] J. C. Wakefield, “Evolutionary versus prototype analyses of the concept
of disorder,” J. Abnorm. Psychol., vol. 108, no. 3, pp. 374–399, Aug.
1999.
[21] S. Allan and P. Gilbert, “Submissive behaviour and psychopathology,”
Br. J. Clin. Psychol., vol. 36, pp. 467–88, Nov. 1997.
[22] P. Gilbert, “Evolution, social roles and the differences in shame and
guilt,” Soc. Res., vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 1205–1230, 2003.
[23] D. Freeman, “Suspicious minds: the psychology of persecutory
delusions,” Clin. Psychol. Rev., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 425–57, May 2007.
[24] D. Freeman, P. a Garety, E. Kuipers, D. Fowler, and P. E. Bebbington,
“A cognitive model of persecutory delusions,” Br. J. Clin. Psychol., vol.
41, no. Pt 4, pp. 331–347, Nov. 2002.
[25] D. Freeman, P. a. Garety, P. E. Bebbington, B. Smith, R. Rollinson, D.
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@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:70171", author = "M. Sousa and C. Barreto Carvalho and C. da Motta and J. Cabral and V. Pereira and S. Nunes Caldeira and E. Peixoto", title = "Characterization and Predictors of Paranoid Ideation in Youths", abstract = "Paranoid ideation is a common thought process that
constitutes a defense against perceived social threats. The current
study aimed at the characterization of paranoid ideation in youths and
to explore the possible predictors involved in the development of
paranoid ideations. Paranoid ideation, shame, submission, early
childhood memories and current depressive, anxious and stress
symptomatology were assessed in a sample of 1516 Portuguese
youths. Higher frequencies of paranoid ideation were observed,
particularly in females and youths from lower socioeconomic status.
The main predictors identified relates to submissive behaviors and
adverse childhood experiences, and especially to shame feelings. The
current study emphasizes that the these predictors are similar to
findings in adults and clinical populations, and future implications to
research and clinical practice aiming at paranoid ideations are
discussed, as well as the pertinence of the study of mediating factors
that allow a wider understanding of this thought process in younger
populations and the prevention of psychopathology in adulthood.", keywords = "Adolescence, early memories, paranoid ideation,
parenting styles, shame, submissiveness.", volume = "9", number = "5", pages = "1740-8", }
