Bibliometric Analysis of the Impact of Funding on Scientific Development of Researchers
Every year, a considerable amount of money is being
invested on research, mainly in the form of funding allocated to
universities and research institutes. To better distribute the available
funds and to set the most proper R&D investment strategies for the
future, evaluation of the productivity of the funded researchers and
the impact of such funding is crucial. In this paper, using the data on
15 years of journal publications of the NSERC (Natural Sciences and
Engineering research Council of Canada) funded researchers and by
means of bibliometric analysis, the scientific development of the
funded researchers and their scientific collaboration patterns will be
investigated in the period of 1996-2010. According to the results it
seems that there is a positive relation between the average level of
funding and quantity and quality of the scientific output. In addition,
whenever funding allocated to the researchers has increased, the
number of co-authors per paper has also augmented. Hence, the
increase in the level of funding may enable researchers to get
involved in larger projects and/or scientific teams and increase their
scientific output respectively.
[1] B. R. Martin, “The changing social contract for science and the
evolution of the university. Science and Innovation: Rethinking the
Rationales for Funding and Governance”, Edward Elgar,
Cheltenham, 7-29, 2003.
[2] K.W. Boyack and K. Börner, '"Indicator‐assisted evaluation and funding
of research: Visualizing the influence of grants on the number and citation counts of research papers," J.Am.Soc.Inf.Sci.Technol., vol. 54,
no. 5, pp. 447-461, 2003.
[3] P. R. McAllister and F. Narin, "Characterization of the research papers
of US medical schools," Journal of the American Society for
Information Science, vol. 34, pp. 123-131, 1983.
[4] J. E. Hirsch, "An index to quantify an individual's scientific research
output," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., vol. 102, pp. 16569, 2005.
[5] D. Rennie, V. Yank and L. Emanuel, "When authorship fails," JAMA:
The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 278, pp. 579-
585, 1997.
[6] N. Shibata, Y. Kajikawa, Y. Takeda and K. Matsushima, "Detecting
emerging research fronts based on topological measures in citation
networks of scientific publications," Technovation, vol. 28, pp. 758-775,
2008.
[7] R. Horton, "Publication and promotion. A fair reward," Lancet, pp. 352:
892, 1998.
[8] A. Bookstein, "Explanations of the bibliometric laws," Collection
Management, vol. 3, pp. 151-162, 1980.
[9] A. J. Lotka, "The frequency distribution of scientific
productivity." Journal of Washington Academy Sciences, 1926.
[10] B. Godin and C. Doré, "Measuring the impacts of science: Beyond the
economic dimension," History and Sociology of S&T Statistics, 2004.
[11] B. Godin, "Measuring output: When economics drives science and
technology measurements," Project on the History and Sociology of
S&T Statistics, Paper, vol. 14, pp. 3-27, 2002.
[12] G. Lewison and G. Dawson, "The effect of funding on the outputs of
biomedical research," Scientometrics, vol. 41, pp. 17-27, 1998.
[13] C. F. Albrecht, "A bibliometric analysis of research publications funded
partially by the Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA) during a
10-year period (1994-2003)," South African Family Practice, vol. 51,
2009.
[14] A. Arora and A. Gambardella, "The impact of NSF support for basic
research in economics," Economics Working Paper Archive at
WUSTL, 1998.
[15] N. Carayol and M. Matt, "Individual and collective determinants of
academic scientists’ productivity," Information Economics and
Policy, vol. 18, pp. 55-72, 2006.
[16] A. A. Payne and A. Siow, "Does federal research funding increase
university research output?" Advances in Economic Analysis &
Policy, vol. 3, 2003.
[17] W. E. Huffman and R. E. Evenson, "New Econometric Evidence on
Agricultural Total Factor Productivity Determinants: Impact of Funding
Composition," Iowa State University, Department of Economics,
Working Paper, vol. 3029, 2005.
[18] M. Gulbrandsen and J. Smeby, "Industry funding and university
professors’ research performance," Research Policy, vol. 34, pp. 932-
950, 2005.
[19] C. Beaudry and S. Allaoui, "Impact of public and private research
funding on scientific production: The case of nanotechnology," Research
Policy, vol. 41, pp. 1589-1606, 2012.
[20] L. Leydesdorff and C. Wagner, "Macro-level indicators of the relations
between research funding and research output," Journal of
Informetrics, vol. 3, pp. 353-362, 2009.
[21] G. A. Crespi and A. Geuna, "An empirical study of scientific
production: A cross country analysis, 1981–2002," Research Policy, vol.
37, pp. 565-579, 2008.
[22] B. Godin, "The impact of research grants on the productivity and quality
of scientific research," No. 2003. INRS Working Paper, 2003.
[23] Y. Gingras, "Bibliometric Analysis of Funded Research. A Feasibility
Study," Report to the Program Evaluation Committee of NSERC, 1996.
[24] D. Campbell and F. Bertrand, "Bibliometrics as a performance
measurement tool for the evaluation of research: The case of Canadian
forest service," Science-Metrix, 2009 Annual CES Conference, 2009.
[25] D. Campbell, I. Labrosse , G. Cote and E. Archambault , "Bibliometric
Assessment of Research Funded by Genome Canada 1996-
2007," Science-Metrix, 2009.
[26] D. Campbell, M. Picard-Aitken, G. Côté, J. Caruso, R. Valentim, S.
Edmonds, G. T. Williams, B. Macaluso, J. Robitaille and N. Bastien,
"Bibliometrics as a performance measurement tool for research
evaluation: The case of research funded by the National Cancer Institute
of Canada," American Journal of Evaluation,vol. 31, pp. 66-83, 2010.
[27] C. Beaudry and M. Clerk-Lamalice, "Grants, contracts and networks:
What influences biotechnology scientific production?" in Danish
Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics (DRUID) Conference, London,
June, 2010, pp. 16-18.
[28] B. A. Jacob and L. Lefgren, "The impact of research grant funding on
scientific productivity," Journal of Public Economics, vol. 95, pp. 1168-
1177, 2011.
[29] Y. Okubo, "Bibliometric indicators and analysis of research systems:
methods and examples," No. 1997/1. OECD Publishing, 1997.
[30] www.scimagojr.com
[31] http://oncampus.macleans.ca/education/2013/08/15/23-canadianuniversities-
make-global-top-500-list/
[1] B. R. Martin, “The changing social contract for science and the
evolution of the university. Science and Innovation: Rethinking the
Rationales for Funding and Governance”, Edward Elgar,
Cheltenham, 7-29, 2003.
[2] K.W. Boyack and K. Börner, '"Indicator‐assisted evaluation and funding
of research: Visualizing the influence of grants on the number and citation counts of research papers," J.Am.Soc.Inf.Sci.Technol., vol. 54,
no. 5, pp. 447-461, 2003.
[3] P. R. McAllister and F. Narin, "Characterization of the research papers
of US medical schools," Journal of the American Society for
Information Science, vol. 34, pp. 123-131, 1983.
[4] J. E. Hirsch, "An index to quantify an individual's scientific research
output," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., vol. 102, pp. 16569, 2005.
[5] D. Rennie, V. Yank and L. Emanuel, "When authorship fails," JAMA:
The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 278, pp. 579-
585, 1997.
[6] N. Shibata, Y. Kajikawa, Y. Takeda and K. Matsushima, "Detecting
emerging research fronts based on topological measures in citation
networks of scientific publications," Technovation, vol. 28, pp. 758-775,
2008.
[7] R. Horton, "Publication and promotion. A fair reward," Lancet, pp. 352:
892, 1998.
[8] A. Bookstein, "Explanations of the bibliometric laws," Collection
Management, vol. 3, pp. 151-162, 1980.
[9] A. J. Lotka, "The frequency distribution of scientific
productivity." Journal of Washington Academy Sciences, 1926.
[10] B. Godin and C. Doré, "Measuring the impacts of science: Beyond the
economic dimension," History and Sociology of S&T Statistics, 2004.
[11] B. Godin, "Measuring output: When economics drives science and
technology measurements," Project on the History and Sociology of
S&T Statistics, Paper, vol. 14, pp. 3-27, 2002.
[12] G. Lewison and G. Dawson, "The effect of funding on the outputs of
biomedical research," Scientometrics, vol. 41, pp. 17-27, 1998.
[13] C. F. Albrecht, "A bibliometric analysis of research publications funded
partially by the Cancer Association of South Africa (CANSA) during a
10-year period (1994-2003)," South African Family Practice, vol. 51,
2009.
[14] A. Arora and A. Gambardella, "The impact of NSF support for basic
research in economics," Economics Working Paper Archive at
WUSTL, 1998.
[15] N. Carayol and M. Matt, "Individual and collective determinants of
academic scientists’ productivity," Information Economics and
Policy, vol. 18, pp. 55-72, 2006.
[16] A. A. Payne and A. Siow, "Does federal research funding increase
university research output?" Advances in Economic Analysis &
Policy, vol. 3, 2003.
[17] W. E. Huffman and R. E. Evenson, "New Econometric Evidence on
Agricultural Total Factor Productivity Determinants: Impact of Funding
Composition," Iowa State University, Department of Economics,
Working Paper, vol. 3029, 2005.
[18] M. Gulbrandsen and J. Smeby, "Industry funding and university
professors’ research performance," Research Policy, vol. 34, pp. 932-
950, 2005.
[19] C. Beaudry and S. Allaoui, "Impact of public and private research
funding on scientific production: The case of nanotechnology," Research
Policy, vol. 41, pp. 1589-1606, 2012.
[20] L. Leydesdorff and C. Wagner, "Macro-level indicators of the relations
between research funding and research output," Journal of
Informetrics, vol. 3, pp. 353-362, 2009.
[21] G. A. Crespi and A. Geuna, "An empirical study of scientific
production: A cross country analysis, 1981–2002," Research Policy, vol.
37, pp. 565-579, 2008.
[22] B. Godin, "The impact of research grants on the productivity and quality
of scientific research," No. 2003. INRS Working Paper, 2003.
[23] Y. Gingras, "Bibliometric Analysis of Funded Research. A Feasibility
Study," Report to the Program Evaluation Committee of NSERC, 1996.
[24] D. Campbell and F. Bertrand, "Bibliometrics as a performance
measurement tool for the evaluation of research: The case of Canadian
forest service," Science-Metrix, 2009 Annual CES Conference, 2009.
[25] D. Campbell, I. Labrosse , G. Cote and E. Archambault , "Bibliometric
Assessment of Research Funded by Genome Canada 1996-
2007," Science-Metrix, 2009.
[26] D. Campbell, M. Picard-Aitken, G. Côté, J. Caruso, R. Valentim, S.
Edmonds, G. T. Williams, B. Macaluso, J. Robitaille and N. Bastien,
"Bibliometrics as a performance measurement tool for research
evaluation: The case of research funded by the National Cancer Institute
of Canada," American Journal of Evaluation,vol. 31, pp. 66-83, 2010.
[27] C. Beaudry and M. Clerk-Lamalice, "Grants, contracts and networks:
What influences biotechnology scientific production?" in Danish
Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics (DRUID) Conference, London,
June, 2010, pp. 16-18.
[28] B. A. Jacob and L. Lefgren, "The impact of research grant funding on
scientific productivity," Journal of Public Economics, vol. 95, pp. 1168-
1177, 2011.
[29] Y. Okubo, "Bibliometric indicators and analysis of research systems:
methods and examples," No. 1997/1. OECD Publishing, 1997.
[30] www.scimagojr.com
[31] http://oncampus.macleans.ca/education/2013/08/15/23-canadianuniversities-
make-global-top-500-list/
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:69874", author = "Ashkan Ebadi and Andrea Schiffauerova", title = "Bibliometric Analysis of the Impact of Funding on Scientific Development of Researchers", abstract = "Every year, a considerable amount of money is being
invested on research, mainly in the form of funding allocated to
universities and research institutes. To better distribute the available
funds and to set the most proper R&D investment strategies for the
future, evaluation of the productivity of the funded researchers and
the impact of such funding is crucial. In this paper, using the data on
15 years of journal publications of the NSERC (Natural Sciences and
Engineering research Council of Canada) funded researchers and by
means of bibliometric analysis, the scientific development of the
funded researchers and their scientific collaboration patterns will be
investigated in the period of 1996-2010. According to the results it
seems that there is a positive relation between the average level of
funding and quantity and quality of the scientific output. In addition,
whenever funding allocated to the researchers has increased, the
number of co-authors per paper has also augmented. Hence, the
increase in the level of funding may enable researchers to get
involved in larger projects and/or scientific teams and increase their
scientific output respectively.", keywords = "Bibliometrics, Collaboration, Funding, Productivity.", volume = "9", number = "5", pages = "1541-11", }
