Auto-Calibration and Optimization of Large-Scale Water Resources Systems

Water resource systems modeling has constantly been
a challenge through history for human beings. As the innovative
methodological development is evolving alongside computer sciences
on one hand, researches are likely to confront more complex and
larger water resources systems due to new challenges regarding
increased water demands, climate change and human interventions,
socio-economic concerns, and environment protection and
sustainability. In this research, an automatic calibration scheme has
been applied on the Gilan’s large-scale water resource model using
mathematical programming. The water resource model’s calibration
is developed in order to attune unknown water return flows from
demand sites in the complex Sefidroud irrigation network and other
related areas. The calibration procedure is validated by comparing
several gauged river outflows from the system in the past with model
results. The calibration results are pleasantly reasonable presenting a
rational insight of the system. Subsequently, the unknown optimized
parameters were used in a basin-scale linear optimization model with
the ability to evaluate the system’s performance against a reduced
inflow scenario in future. Results showed an acceptable match
between predicted and observed outflows from the system at selected
hydrometric stations. Moreover, an efficient operating policy was
determined for Sefidroud dam leading to a minimum water shortage
in the reduced inflow scenario.





References:
[1] Kummu, M., et al., Is physical water scarcity a new phenomenon?
Global assessment of water shortage over the last two millennia.
Environmental Research Letters, 2010. 5(3): p. 034006.
[2] Pezeshk, S., Data management for large-scale water-distribution
optimization systems. Journal of Water Resources Planning and
Management, 1994. 120(1): p. 116-120.
[3] Wurbs, R.A., Reservoir-system simulation and optimization models.
Journal of water resources planning and management, 1993. 119(4): p.
455-472.
[4] Condon, L.E. and R.M. Maxwell, Implementation of a linear
optimization water allocation algorithm into a fully integrated physical
hydrology model. Advances in Water Resources, 2013. 60: p. 135-147.
[5] Reed, P.M., et al., Evolutionary multiobjective optimization in water
resources: The past, present, and future. Advances in Water Resources,
2013. 51: p. 438-456.
[6] Zessler, U. and U. Shamir, Optimal operation of water distribution
systems. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 1989.
115(6): p. 735-752.
[7] Labadie, J.W., Optimal operation of multireservoir systems: State-ofthe-
art review. Journal of water resources planning and management,
2004. 130(2): p. 93-111.
[8] Black, D., P. Wallbrink, and P. Jordan, Towards best practice
implementation and application of models for analysis of water
resources management scenarios. Environmental Modelling &
Software, 2014. 52: p. 136-148.
[9] Roozbahani, R., S. Schreider, and B. Abbasi, Economic Sharing of Basin
Water Resources between Competing Stakeholders. Water Resources
Management, 2013: p. 1-24.
[10] Cai, X., et al., Solving large nonconvex water resources management
models using generalized benders decomposition. Operations Research,
2001. 49(2): p. 235-245.
[11] Karuppiah, R. and I.E. Grossmann, A Lagrangean based branch-and-cut
algorithm for global optimization of nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear
programs with decomposable structures. Journal of Global
Optimization, 2008. 41(2): p. 163-186.
[12] Lund, J., Some Curious Things about Water Management. Journal of
Water Resources Planning and Management, 2013. 139(1): p. 1-2.
[13] Wang, G., et al., Regional calibration of a water balance model for
estimating stream flow in ungauged areas of the Yellow River Basin.
Quaternary International, 2013.
[14] Cai, X., D.C. McKinney, and L.S. Lasdon, Solving nonlinear water
management models using a combined genetic algorithm and linear
programming approach. Advances in Water Resources, 2001. 24(6): p.
667-676.
[15] Ricard, S., et al., Global Calibration of Distributed Hydrological Models
for Large-Scale Applications. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 2013.
18(6): p. 719-721.
[16] Ximing Cai, R.V., Ranji Ranjithan, Special Issue on the Role of Systems
Analysis in Watershed Management. Journal of Water Resources
Planning and Management, 2013. 139(5): p. 2.
[17] Cai, X., R. Vogel, and R. Ranjithan, Special Issue on the Role of Systems
Analysis in Watershed Management. Journal of Water Resources
Planning and Management, 2013. 139(5): p. 461-463.
[18] Zarezadeh, M., et al. Water allocation under climate change in the
Qezelozan-Sefidrood Watershed. in Systems, Man, and Cybernetics
(SMC), 2012 IEEE International Conference on. 2012. IEEE.
[19] Schardong, A., S.P. Simonovic, and A. Vasan, Multiobjective
Evolutionary Approach to Optimal Reservoir Operation. Journal of
Computing in Civil Engineering, 2012. 27(2): p. 139-147.
[20] Han, M., et al., Integrated Approach to Water Allocation in River
Basins. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 2012.
139(2): p. 159-165.
[21] García-Ruiz, J.M., et al., Mediterranean water resources in a global
change scenario. Earth-Science Reviews, 2011. 105(3-4): p. 121-139.
[22] Nicklow, J., et al., State of the art for genetic algorithms and beyond in
water resources planning and management. Journal of Water Resources
Planning and Management, 2009. 136(4): p. 412-432.
[23] Karimi, A.A., Water situation in Iran: challenges and achievements.
Potable Water Services in Morocco–China–Austria–Iran, 2009: p. 12.
[24] Hejazi, M.I. and X. Cai, Input variable selection for water resources
systems using a modified minimum redundancy maximum relevance
(mMRMR) algorithm. Advances in water resources, 2009. 32(4): p. 582-
593.
[25] Zhang, L., et al., Water balance modeling over variable time scales
based on the Budyko framework–Model development and testing.
Journal of Hydrology, 2008. 360(1): p. 117-131.
[26] Li, Q.-F. and J.W. Gowing, Investigation of integrated management of
large-scale irrigation and aquaculture systems. Journal of Hydrologic
Engineering, 2008. 13(5): p. 355-363.
[27] Cai, X., C. Ringler, and J.-Y. You, Substitution between water and other
agricultural inputs: Implications for water conservation in a river basin
context. Ecological Economics, 2008. 66(1): p. 38-50.
[28] Barros, M.T., et al., Planning and operation of large-scale water
distribution systems with preemptive priorities. Journal of Water
Resources Planning and Management, 2008. 134(3): p. 247-256.
[29] Pintér, J.D., Nonlinear optimization with GAMS/LGO. Journal of Global
Optimization, 2007. 38(1): p. 79-101.
[30] Monem, M., M. Najafi, and S. Khoshnavaz, Optimal Water Scheduling
in Irrigation Networks Using Genetic Algorithm. Iran-Water Resources
Research, 2007.
[31] Loukas, A., N. Mylopoulos, and L. Vasiliades, A modeling system for
the evaluation of water resources management strategies in Thessaly,
Greece. Water resources management, 2007. 21(10): p. 1673-1702.
[32] Hajkowicz, S. and K. Collins, A review of multiple criteria analysis for
water resource planning and management. Water Resources
Management, 2007. 21(9): p. 1553-1566.
[33] Pulido-Velázquez, M., J. Andreu, and A. Sahuquillo, Economic
optimization of conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater at the
basin scale. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,
2006. 132(6): p. 454-467.
[34] Hajkowicz, S. and K. Collins, A Review of Multiple Criteria Analysis for
Water Resource Planning and Management. Water Resources
Management, 2006. 21(9): p. 1553-1566.
[35] Haddad, O.B., A. Afshar, and M.A. Marino, Honey-bees mating
optimization (HBMO) algorithm: a new heuristic approach for water
resources optimization. Water Resources Management, 2006. 20(5): p.
661-680.
[36] Neumaier, A., et al., A comparison of complete global optimization
solvers. Mathematical programming, 2005. 103(2): p. 335-356.
[37] Loucks, D.P., et al., Water resources systems planning and
management: an introduction to methods, models and applications.
2005: Paris: UNESCO.
[38] Bussieck, M.R. and A. Meeraus, General algebraic modeling system
(GAMS). Applied Optimization, 2004. 88: p. 137-158.
[39] McKinney, D.C. and X. Cai, Linking GIS and water resources
management models: an object-oriented method. Environmental
Modelling & Software, 2002. 17(5): p. 413-425.
[40] Cai, X., D.C. McKinney, and L.S. Lasdon, A framework for
sustainability analysis in water resources management and application
to the Syr Darya Basin. Water Resources Research, 2002. 38(6): p.
1085.
[41] Yin, Y., G. Huang, and K. Hipel, Fuzzy relation analysis for
multicriteria water resources management. Journal of water resources
planning and management, 1999. 125(1): p. 41-47.
[42] Arnold, J.G., et al., Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment
part I: Model development1. JAWRA Journal of the American Water
Resources Association, 1998. 34(1): p. 73-89.
[43] Quindry, G.E., J.C. Liebman, and E.D. Brill, Optimization of looped
water distribution systems. Journal of the Environmental Engineering
Division, 1981. 107(4): p. 665-679.
[44] Mahabghods Consulting Eng., Integrated water resources survey upon
Gilan’s watershed, Corresponding Report of developing programs,
2013.
[45] Dashti, S., Management of Conjunctive Use of Surface-Water and
Ground-Water during Droughts. G-DAT 2008-Leipzig: p. 20.
[46] Azari Dehkordi, F., A Decision Support Systemfor Environmental
Impact Assessment in Landscape Degradation (Case study: Shafarud
Watershed in Gilan Province of Iran).