Attachment and Risk Taking: Are They Interrelated?
Attachment theory focuses on the bond that develops between child and caretaker and the consequences that this bond has on the childs future relationships. Adolescents attempt to define their identity by experiencing various risky behaviors. The first aim of the study was whether risk taking behavior differs according to attachment styles. The second was to examine risk taking behavior differences according to gender. The third aim of this study was to examine attachment X gender interaction effect for risk taking behavior. And final was to investigate attachment styles differences according to gender. Data were collected from 218 participants (114 female and 104 male) who are university students. The results of this study showed that attachment styles differentiated by risk taking behavior and males had higher risk taking score than females. It was also found out that there was significant attachment X gender interaction effect for risk taking behavior. And finally, the results showed that attachment styles differentiated according to gender.KeywordsAttachment style, risk taking
[1] J. Bowlby, Attachment and Loss: Vol. 2 Separation, New York, Basic Books, 1973. [2] K. Bartholomew, Avoidance of intimacy: An attachment perspective, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 1990 pp. 147-178. [3] K. Bartholomew, & L. M. Horowitz, Attachment styles among young adolescents, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,61, 1991, pp. .226-244. [4] E. H. Erikson, Identity: Youth and Crisis, New York, Norton, 1968. [5] A. France, Towards a sociological understanding of youth and their risk taking, Journal of Youth Studies, 3, 2000, pp. 317-331. [6] M. S. Jack, Personal fable: a potential explanation for risk taking behavior in adolescents, Journal of Pediatric Nurse, 4, 1986, pp. 334-338. [7] R. M. Trimpop, The Psychology of Risk Taking Behavior, Amsterdam, North-Holland, 1994. [8] M. S. Howard,.& F. J. Medway, Adolescents attachment and coping with stress, Psychology in the Schools, 41, 2004, pp. 391-402. [9] J. P. Allen, &D. Land, Attachment in adolescence, J. Cassidy, P. R. Shaver (Ed), Handbook of Attachment Theory, Research and Clinical Applications, New York, Gullford Press, 1999. [10] D. Griffin, & K. Bartholomew, Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1994, pp. 430-445. [11] N. Smer, & D. Gngr, Yetikin balanma stilleri leklerinin Trk rneklemi zerinde psikometrim deerlendirmesi ve kltrleraras bir karlatrma, Turkish Journal of Psychology, 14 ,1999, pp. 71-106. [12] N. Smer, Yetikin balanma leklerinin kategoriler ve boyutlar dzeyinde karlatrlmas, Turkish Journal of Psychology, 21, 2006, pp. 1-22. [13] E. Gullone, S. Moore, S. Moss, & C. Boyd, The adolescent risk taking questionnaire: Development and psychometric evaluation, Journal of Adolescent Research, 15, 2000, pp. 231-251. [14] B. K. Esen, Akran dzeyleri ve cinsiyetlerine gre rencilerin risk alma davran ve okul baarsnn incelenmesi, TurkishPsychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 2, 2003, pp. 17-26. [15] M. L. Cooper, N. L. Collins & P. R. Shaver, Attachment styles, emotional regulation, and adjustment in adolescence, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1998, pp. 1380-1397. [16] R. A. Turner, C. E. Irwin, J. Tschann & S. G. Millstein, Autonomy, relatedness, and the initiation of health risk behaviors in early adolescence, Health Psychology, 12, 1993, pp. 200-208. [17] N. J. Bell, L. F. Forthun & S. Sun, Attachment, adolescent competencies, and substance use: Developmental Considerations in the study risk behavior. Substance Use & Misuse, 35, 2000, pp. 1177-1206. [18] J. Arnett & L. B. Jensen, Cultural bases of risk behavior: Danish adolescents, Child Development, 64, 1993, pp. 1842-1855. [19] J. P. Byrness, D. C. Miller & W. D. Schafer, Gender differences in risk taking: A meta analysis, Psychological Bulletin, 125, 1999, pp. 367-383. [20] J. A. Chapman, C. Denholm & C. Wyld, Gender differences in adolescent risk taking: Are they diminishing ?, Youth & Society, 40, 2008, pp. 131-154. [21] O. Guneri, Z. Smer & A. Yldrm, Sources of self-identity among Turkish adolescents, Adolescence, 34, 1999, pp. 535-546. [22] . Morsunbul, Ergenlikte blanma stillerinin ya ve cinsiyet asndan incelenmesi, XV. National Education Sciences Congress,Mula University, Mula, 13-15 September, 2006 [23] K. Brennan, P. R. Shaver & A. E. Tobey, Attachment styles, Gender and Parental problem drinking, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 1991, pp. 451-466.
[1] J. Bowlby, Attachment and Loss: Vol. 2 Separation, New York, Basic Books, 1973. [2] K. Bartholomew, Avoidance of intimacy: An attachment perspective, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 1990 pp. 147-178. [3] K. Bartholomew, & L. M. Horowitz, Attachment styles among young adolescents, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,61, 1991, pp. .226-244. [4] E. H. Erikson, Identity: Youth and Crisis, New York, Norton, 1968. [5] A. France, Towards a sociological understanding of youth and their risk taking, Journal of Youth Studies, 3, 2000, pp. 317-331. [6] M. S. Jack, Personal fable: a potential explanation for risk taking behavior in adolescents, Journal of Pediatric Nurse, 4, 1986, pp. 334-338. [7] R. M. Trimpop, The Psychology of Risk Taking Behavior, Amsterdam, North-Holland, 1994. [8] M. S. Howard,.& F. J. Medway, Adolescents attachment and coping with stress, Psychology in the Schools, 41, 2004, pp. 391-402. [9] J. P. Allen, &D. Land, Attachment in adolescence, J. Cassidy, P. R. Shaver (Ed), Handbook of Attachment Theory, Research and Clinical Applications, New York, Gullford Press, 1999. [10] D. Griffin, & K. Bartholomew, Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 1994, pp. 430-445. [11] N. Smer, & D. Gngr, Yetikin balanma stilleri leklerinin Trk rneklemi zerinde psikometrim deerlendirmesi ve kltrleraras bir karlatrma, Turkish Journal of Psychology, 14 ,1999, pp. 71-106. [12] N. Smer, Yetikin balanma leklerinin kategoriler ve boyutlar dzeyinde karlatrlmas, Turkish Journal of Psychology, 21, 2006, pp. 1-22. [13] E. Gullone, S. Moore, S. Moss, & C. Boyd, The adolescent risk taking questionnaire: Development and psychometric evaluation, Journal of Adolescent Research, 15, 2000, pp. 231-251. [14] B. K. Esen, Akran dzeyleri ve cinsiyetlerine gre rencilerin risk alma davran ve okul baarsnn incelenmesi, TurkishPsychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 2, 2003, pp. 17-26. [15] M. L. Cooper, N. L. Collins & P. R. Shaver, Attachment styles, emotional regulation, and adjustment in adolescence, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1998, pp. 1380-1397. [16] R. A. Turner, C. E. Irwin, J. Tschann & S. G. Millstein, Autonomy, relatedness, and the initiation of health risk behaviors in early adolescence, Health Psychology, 12, 1993, pp. 200-208. [17] N. J. Bell, L. F. Forthun & S. Sun, Attachment, adolescent competencies, and substance use: Developmental Considerations in the study risk behavior. Substance Use & Misuse, 35, 2000, pp. 1177-1206. [18] J. Arnett & L. B. Jensen, Cultural bases of risk behavior: Danish adolescents, Child Development, 64, 1993, pp. 1842-1855. [19] J. P. Byrness, D. C. Miller & W. D. Schafer, Gender differences in risk taking: A meta analysis, Psychological Bulletin, 125, 1999, pp. 367-383. [20] J. A. Chapman, C. Denholm & C. Wyld, Gender differences in adolescent risk taking: Are they diminishing ?, Youth & Society, 40, 2008, pp. 131-154. [21] O. Guneri, Z. Smer & A. Yldrm, Sources of self-identity among Turkish adolescents, Adolescence, 34, 1999, pp. 535-546. [22] . Morsunbul, Ergenlikte blanma stillerinin ya ve cinsiyet asndan incelenmesi, XV. National Education Sciences Congress,Mula University, Mula, 13-15 September, 2006 [23] K. Brennan, P. R. Shaver & A. E. Tobey, Attachment styles, Gender and Parental problem drinking, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 1991, pp. 451-466.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:54341", author = "Ümit Morsünbül", title = "Attachment and Risk Taking: Are They Interrelated?", abstract = "Attachment theory focuses on the bond that develops between child and caretaker and the consequences that this bond has on the childs future relationships. Adolescents attempt to define their identity by experiencing various risky behaviors. The first aim of the study was whether risk taking behavior differs according to attachment styles. The second was to examine risk taking behavior differences according to gender. The third aim of this study was to examine attachment X gender interaction effect for risk taking behavior. And final was to investigate attachment styles differences according to gender. Data were collected from 218 participants (114 female and 104 male) who are university students. The results of this study showed that attachment styles differentiated by risk taking behavior and males had higher risk taking score than females. It was also found out that there was significant attachment X gender interaction effect for risk taking behavior. And finally, the results showed that attachment styles differentiated according to gender.KeywordsAttachment style, risk taking
", keywords = "Attachment style, risk taking ", volume = "3", number = "7", pages = "1463-5", }
