Tanzania is a developing country, which significantly lags behind the rest of the world in information communications technology (ICT), especially for the Internet. Internet connectivity to the rest of the world is via expensive satellite links, thus leaving the majority of the population unable to access the Internet due to the high cost. This paper introduces the concept of an optical WDM network for Internet infrastructure in Tanzania, so as to reduce Internet connection costs, and provide Internet access to the majority of people who live in both urban and rural areas. We also present a proposed optical WDM network, which mitigates the effects of system impairments, and provide simulation results to show that the data is successfully transmitted over a longer distance using a WDM network.
[1] Tanzania Telecommunications Company (TTCL) (Online). Available:
http://www.ttcl.co.tz
[2] SATCOM Network Africa Limited (Online). Available:
http://www.satconet.com.
[3] B. Pehrsson and M. Ngwira. "Optical Fiber for Education and Research
Networks in Eastern and Southern Africa" (Online), 2006. Available:
http://www.ubuntunet.net/documents/Sarua-fibre-final-report-draft-
2006-3-4.pdf
[4] Tanzania Ministry of Communication and Transportation (MOCT),
Technical Report on the Feasibility Studies for Implementation of the
National ICT Backbone Infrastructure, 2005.
[5] East African Submarine System (EASSy) (Online). Available:
http://www.eassy.org.
[6] R. Ramaswami and K. Sivarajan, Optical Networks: A Practical
Perspective, 2nd Edition, Califonia: Morgan Kaufmann, 2002.
[7] C. Siva Ram Murthy and M. Gurusamy, WDM Optical Networks:
Concepts, Design, and Algorithms, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2002.
[8] K. M. Sivalingam and S. Subramanian, Optical WDM Networks:
Principles and Practice, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Sept 2000.
[9] R. Ramaswami and K. N. Sivarajan, "Routing and Wavelength
Assignment in All- Optical Networks," IEEE /ACM Transactions on
Networking, Vol.3, No.5, Pages 489-500, Oct 1995.
[10] D. Banerjee and B. Mukherjee, "A Practical Approach for routing and
Wavelength Assignment in Large Wavelength Routed Optics
Networks," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.14,
no.5, pp.903-908, June 1996.
[11] X. Chu and B. Li, "Dynamic Routing and Wavelength Assignment in the
presence of Wavelength conversion for All-Optical Networks,"
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol.13, No.3, Page 704-715,
June 2005.
[12] L. W. Chen and E. Modiano, "Efficient Routing and Wavelength
Assignment for Reconfigurable WDM Ring Networks with Wavelength
converters," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol.13, No.1,
Page 173-186, Feb 2005.
[13] I. kaminow and T. Li, Optical Fiber Telecommunication: System
Impairments, IVB, Califonia: Academic Press, 2002.
[14] Govind. P. Agrawal, Fiber Optic Communication Systems, 2nd Edition,
New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
[15] S. Pazi, C. Chatwin, R. Young, and P. Birch, "Analysis of WDM system
for Tanzania", WASET International Conference on Communication
and Network Systems, Germany Sept 24-26 2008.
[16] G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, San Diego: Academic Press,
1995.
[17] I. kaminow and T. Li, Optical Fiber Telecommunication: Components,
IVA, Califonia: Academic Press, 2002
[1] Tanzania Telecommunications Company (TTCL) (Online). Available:
http://www.ttcl.co.tz
[2] SATCOM Network Africa Limited (Online). Available:
http://www.satconet.com.
[3] B. Pehrsson and M. Ngwira. "Optical Fiber for Education and Research
Networks in Eastern and Southern Africa" (Online), 2006. Available:
http://www.ubuntunet.net/documents/Sarua-fibre-final-report-draft-
2006-3-4.pdf
[4] Tanzania Ministry of Communication and Transportation (MOCT),
Technical Report on the Feasibility Studies for Implementation of the
National ICT Backbone Infrastructure, 2005.
[5] East African Submarine System (EASSy) (Online). Available:
http://www.eassy.org.
[6] R. Ramaswami and K. Sivarajan, Optical Networks: A Practical
Perspective, 2nd Edition, Califonia: Morgan Kaufmann, 2002.
[7] C. Siva Ram Murthy and M. Gurusamy, WDM Optical Networks:
Concepts, Design, and Algorithms, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2002.
[8] K. M. Sivalingam and S. Subramanian, Optical WDM Networks:
Principles and Practice, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Sept 2000.
[9] R. Ramaswami and K. N. Sivarajan, "Routing and Wavelength
Assignment in All- Optical Networks," IEEE /ACM Transactions on
Networking, Vol.3, No.5, Pages 489-500, Oct 1995.
[10] D. Banerjee and B. Mukherjee, "A Practical Approach for routing and
Wavelength Assignment in Large Wavelength Routed Optics
Networks," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.14,
no.5, pp.903-908, June 1996.
[11] X. Chu and B. Li, "Dynamic Routing and Wavelength Assignment in the
presence of Wavelength conversion for All-Optical Networks,"
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol.13, No.3, Page 704-715,
June 2005.
[12] L. W. Chen and E. Modiano, "Efficient Routing and Wavelength
Assignment for Reconfigurable WDM Ring Networks with Wavelength
converters," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol.13, No.1,
Page 173-186, Feb 2005.
[13] I. kaminow and T. Li, Optical Fiber Telecommunication: System
Impairments, IVB, Califonia: Academic Press, 2002.
[14] Govind. P. Agrawal, Fiber Optic Communication Systems, 2nd Edition,
New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997.
[15] S. Pazi, C. Chatwin, R. Young, and P. Birch, "Analysis of WDM system
for Tanzania", WASET International Conference on Communication
and Network Systems, Germany Sept 24-26 2008.
[16] G. P. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, San Diego: Academic Press,
1995.
[17] I. kaminow and T. Li, Optical Fiber Telecommunication: Components,
IVA, Califonia: Academic Press, 2002
@article{"International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Aerospace Sciences:58810", author = "S. Pazi and C. Chatwin and R. Young and P. Birch", title = "An Optical WDM Network Concept for Tanzania", abstract = "Tanzania is a developing country, which significantly lags behind the rest of the world in information communications technology (ICT), especially for the Internet. Internet connectivity to the rest of the world is via expensive satellite links, thus leaving the majority of the population unable to access the Internet due to the high cost. This paper introduces the concept of an optical WDM network for Internet infrastructure in Tanzania, so as to reduce Internet connection costs, and provide Internet access to the majority of people who live in both urban and rural areas. We also present a proposed optical WDM network, which mitigates the effects of system impairments, and provide simulation results to show that the data is successfully transmitted over a longer distance using a WDM network.
", keywords = "Internet infrastructure, Internet access, Internettraffic, WDM.", volume = "3", number = "6", pages = "713-6", }
