An Approach in the Improvement of the Reliability of Impedance Relay
The distance protection mainly the impedance relay which is considered as the main protection for transmission lines can be subjected to impedance measurement error which is, mainly, due to the fault resistance and to the power fluctuation. Thus, the impedance relay may not operate for a short circuit at the far end of the protected line (case of the under reach) or operates for a fault beyond its protected zone (case of overreach). In this paper, an approach to fault detection by a distance protection, which distinguishes between the faulty conditions and the effect of overload operation mode, has been developed. This approach is based on the symmetrical components; mainly the negative sequence, and it is taking into account both the effect of fault resistance and the overload situation which both have an effect upon the reliability of the protection in terms of dependability for the former and security for the latter.
[1] Gilkeson, C.L., Jeanne, P.A. and Vaage, E.F., "Power System Faults to
Ground. Part II". Transaction of the AIEE. Vol. 56, No. 4, April 1937,
pp. 428-433 and 474.
[2] Warrington, A.R. Van C. Protective Relays, Their Theory and Practice.
Vol. I. Chapman and Hall Ltd. London, 1968.
[3] A. R. Van C. Warrington. "Protective Relays: their theory and Practice".
Vol. 2 Chapman and Hall London. Third edition 1978.
[4] J. Roberts; A. Guzman; E. O. Schweitzer, III. "Z= V/I does not make a
distance relay" Schweitzer engineering laboratories, inc. Pullman,
Washington. 20th Annual Western Protective Conference; Spokane,
Washington October 19-21, 1993.
[5] Fernando Calero. "Rebirth of Negative-Sequence Quantities in
Protective Relaying With Microprocessor-Based Relays"; Schweitzer
Engineering Laboratories, Inc. La Paz, Bolivia; 30th Annual Western
Protective Relay Conference; Spokane, Washington, USA October 2003
[6] Vu K, Begovic M.M, Novosel D, Saha M.M, "Use of Local
Measurements to Estimate Voltage-Stability Margin", IEEE Transaction
on Power Systems, Vol. 14, No. 3, August 1999, pp. 1029 - 1035.
[7] Takagi, T., Yamakoshi, Y., Yamaura, M., Kondow, R. and Matsushima.
T. "Development of a New Type Fault locator Using the One-terminal
Voltage and Current Data", IEEE Transactions on Power apparatus and
systems. Vol. PAS-101, N┬░ 8, August 1982, pp. 2892-2898.
[8] Richards, Gill G. and Tan, Owen T. "An Accurate Fault Location
Estimator for Transmission lines". IEEE Transaction on Power
Apparatus and Systems. Vol. PAS-10 I, No. 4, April 1982, pp. 945-950.
[9] Srinivasan, K. and St-Jacques, A., "A New Fault Location Algorithm
for Radial Transmission Line with Loads", IEEE Transactions on Power
Delivery, Vol. 4, No. 3, July 1989. pp. 1676- 1682.
[10] Girgis, Adly A., Fallon, Christopher M. and Lubkeman. David L., "A
Fault Location Technique for Rural Distribution Feeders". IEEE
Transactions on Industry Applications. Vol. 29, No. 6. November-
December 1993. pp. 1170-1175.
[11] E.O. Schweitzer III, "Evaluation and Development of Transmission Line
Fault Locating Techniques Which Use Sinusoidal Steady-State
Information"; Proceedings of the 9th Annual Western Protective Relay
Conference, Spokane, WA, October 1982
[12] Fernando Calero. "Rebirth of Negative-Sequence Quantities in
Protective Relaying With Microprocessor-Based Relays"; Schweitzer
Engineering Laboratories, Inc. La Paz, Bolivia; 30th Annual Western
Protective Relay Conference; Spokane, Washington, USA October 2003
[13] Kundur P, "Power System Stability and Control", ISBN 0-07-035958-X,
McGraw - Hill, 1994.
[14] Mechraoui A, Thomas D.W.P, "A new distance protection scheme
which can operate during fast power swings", IEE Conference
Publication No. 434, Developments in Power System Protection, March
25-27, 1997, pp 206 - 209.
[15] Ilar F, "Innovations in the Detection of Power Swings in Electrical
Networks", Brown Boveri Review No. 68, 1981.
[16] Warrington A.R, Van C. "Reactance Relays Negligibly Affected by Arc
Impedance", Electrical World, Vol. 98, No. 12, September 1931, pp. 502
- 505.
[1] Gilkeson, C.L., Jeanne, P.A. and Vaage, E.F., "Power System Faults to
Ground. Part II". Transaction of the AIEE. Vol. 56, No. 4, April 1937,
pp. 428-433 and 474.
[2] Warrington, A.R. Van C. Protective Relays, Their Theory and Practice.
Vol. I. Chapman and Hall Ltd. London, 1968.
[3] A. R. Van C. Warrington. "Protective Relays: their theory and Practice".
Vol. 2 Chapman and Hall London. Third edition 1978.
[4] J. Roberts; A. Guzman; E. O. Schweitzer, III. "Z= V/I does not make a
distance relay" Schweitzer engineering laboratories, inc. Pullman,
Washington. 20th Annual Western Protective Conference; Spokane,
Washington October 19-21, 1993.
[5] Fernando Calero. "Rebirth of Negative-Sequence Quantities in
Protective Relaying With Microprocessor-Based Relays"; Schweitzer
Engineering Laboratories, Inc. La Paz, Bolivia; 30th Annual Western
Protective Relay Conference; Spokane, Washington, USA October 2003
[6] Vu K, Begovic M.M, Novosel D, Saha M.M, "Use of Local
Measurements to Estimate Voltage-Stability Margin", IEEE Transaction
on Power Systems, Vol. 14, No. 3, August 1999, pp. 1029 - 1035.
[7] Takagi, T., Yamakoshi, Y., Yamaura, M., Kondow, R. and Matsushima.
T. "Development of a New Type Fault locator Using the One-terminal
Voltage and Current Data", IEEE Transactions on Power apparatus and
systems. Vol. PAS-101, N┬░ 8, August 1982, pp. 2892-2898.
[8] Richards, Gill G. and Tan, Owen T. "An Accurate Fault Location
Estimator for Transmission lines". IEEE Transaction on Power
Apparatus and Systems. Vol. PAS-10 I, No. 4, April 1982, pp. 945-950.
[9] Srinivasan, K. and St-Jacques, A., "A New Fault Location Algorithm
for Radial Transmission Line with Loads", IEEE Transactions on Power
Delivery, Vol. 4, No. 3, July 1989. pp. 1676- 1682.
[10] Girgis, Adly A., Fallon, Christopher M. and Lubkeman. David L., "A
Fault Location Technique for Rural Distribution Feeders". IEEE
Transactions on Industry Applications. Vol. 29, No. 6. November-
December 1993. pp. 1170-1175.
[11] E.O. Schweitzer III, "Evaluation and Development of Transmission Line
Fault Locating Techniques Which Use Sinusoidal Steady-State
Information"; Proceedings of the 9th Annual Western Protective Relay
Conference, Spokane, WA, October 1982
[12] Fernando Calero. "Rebirth of Negative-Sequence Quantities in
Protective Relaying With Microprocessor-Based Relays"; Schweitzer
Engineering Laboratories, Inc. La Paz, Bolivia; 30th Annual Western
Protective Relay Conference; Spokane, Washington, USA October 2003
[13] Kundur P, "Power System Stability and Control", ISBN 0-07-035958-X,
McGraw - Hill, 1994.
[14] Mechraoui A, Thomas D.W.P, "A new distance protection scheme
which can operate during fast power swings", IEE Conference
Publication No. 434, Developments in Power System Protection, March
25-27, 1997, pp 206 - 209.
[15] Ilar F, "Innovations in the Detection of Power Swings in Electrical
Networks", Brown Boveri Review No. 68, 1981.
[16] Warrington A.R, Van C. "Reactance Relays Negligibly Affected by Arc
Impedance", Electrical World, Vol. 98, No. 12, September 1931, pp. 502
- 505.
@article{"International Journal of Electrical, Electronic and Communication Sciences:59477", author = "D. Ouahdi and R. Ladjeroud and I. Habi", title = "An Approach in the Improvement of the Reliability of Impedance Relay", abstract = "The distance protection mainly the impedance relay which is considered as the main protection for transmission lines can be subjected to impedance measurement error which is, mainly, due to the fault resistance and to the power fluctuation. Thus, the impedance relay may not operate for a short circuit at the far end of the protected line (case of the under reach) or operates for a fault beyond its protected zone (case of overreach). In this paper, an approach to fault detection by a distance protection, which distinguishes between the faulty conditions and the effect of overload operation mode, has been developed. This approach is based on the symmetrical components; mainly the negative sequence, and it is taking into account both the effect of fault resistance and the overload situation which both have an effect upon the reliability of the protection in terms of dependability for the former and security for the latter.
", keywords = "Distance Protection, Fault Detection, negative
sequence, overload, Transmission line.", volume = "2", number = "11", pages = "2601-5", }
