A Temporal Synchronization Model for Heterogeneous Data in Distributed Systems
Multimedia distributed systems deal with heterogeneous
data, such as texts, images, graphics, video and audio. The specification
of temporal relations among different data types and distributed
sources is an open research area. This paper proposes a fully
distributed synchronization model to be used in multimedia systems.
One original aspect of the model is that it avoids the use of a common
reference (e.g. wall clock and shared memory). To achieve this, all
possible multimedia temporal relations are specified according to
their causal dependencies.
[1] W. Geyer, C. Bernhardt, and E. Biersack, "A synchronization scheme
for stored multimedia streams," in IDMS-96, European Workshop on
Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems and Services, Heidelberg,
Ed. Springer-Verlag, 1996, pp. 277-295.
[2] L. A. Morales and S. E. Pomares, "A temporal synchronization mechanism
for real-time distributed continuous media," in International Conference
on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications (SIGMAP),
Setubal, Portugal, August 2006, pp. 302-309.
[3] K. Shimamura, K. Tanaka, and M. Takizawa, "Group communication
protocol for multimedia applications," in IEEE ICCNMC-01, IEEE, Ed.,
2001, p. 303.
[4] C. Plesca, R. Grigoras, P. Quinnec, and G. Padiou, "Streaming with
causality: a practical approach," in MULTIMEDIA-05: Proceeding of
the 13th annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM,
Ed., Hilton, Singapore, November 2005, pp. 283-286.
[5] e. a. Bulterman D., "Synchronized multimedia integration language (smil
3.0)," http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-SMIL3-20070713/, 2008.
[6] P. Balaouras, I. Stavrakakis, and L. Merakos, "Potential and limitations
of a teleteaching environment based on h.323," Audio-Visual. Communication
Systems, Computer Networks, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 945-958, 2000.
[7] C. Perkins, RTP Audio and Video for Internet. USA: Addison Wesley,
2003.
[8] L. Lamport, "Time clocks and the ordering of events in a distributed
system," Communications of the ACM, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 558-565,
1978.
[9] J. F. Allen, "Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals," Communications
of the ACM, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 832-843, 1983.
[10] J. Fanchon, K. Drira, and S. E. Pomares, "Abstract channels as connectors
for software components in group communication services," in
Fifth Mexican International Conference on Computer Science (ENC-04),
IEEE, Ed., Mexico, September 2004, pp. 20-24.
[11] L. Lamport, "On interprocess communications: I. basic formalism,"
Distributed Computing, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 77-85, 1986.
[12] M. Vilain, "A system for reasoning about time," in 2nd (US) National
Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-82), Pittsburgh, PA, USA,
1982, pp. 197-201.
[1] W. Geyer, C. Bernhardt, and E. Biersack, "A synchronization scheme
for stored multimedia streams," in IDMS-96, European Workshop on
Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems and Services, Heidelberg,
Ed. Springer-Verlag, 1996, pp. 277-295.
[2] L. A. Morales and S. E. Pomares, "A temporal synchronization mechanism
for real-time distributed continuous media," in International Conference
on Signal Processing and Multimedia Applications (SIGMAP),
Setubal, Portugal, August 2006, pp. 302-309.
[3] K. Shimamura, K. Tanaka, and M. Takizawa, "Group communication
protocol for multimedia applications," in IEEE ICCNMC-01, IEEE, Ed.,
2001, p. 303.
[4] C. Plesca, R. Grigoras, P. Quinnec, and G. Padiou, "Streaming with
causality: a practical approach," in MULTIMEDIA-05: Proceeding of
the 13th annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia, ACM,
Ed., Hilton, Singapore, November 2005, pp. 283-286.
[5] e. a. Bulterman D., "Synchronized multimedia integration language (smil
3.0)," http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/WD-SMIL3-20070713/, 2008.
[6] P. Balaouras, I. Stavrakakis, and L. Merakos, "Potential and limitations
of a teleteaching environment based on h.323," Audio-Visual. Communication
Systems, Computer Networks, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 945-958, 2000.
[7] C. Perkins, RTP Audio and Video for Internet. USA: Addison Wesley,
2003.
[8] L. Lamport, "Time clocks and the ordering of events in a distributed
system," Communications of the ACM, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 558-565,
1978.
[9] J. F. Allen, "Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals," Communications
of the ACM, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 832-843, 1983.
[10] J. Fanchon, K. Drira, and S. E. Pomares, "Abstract channels as connectors
for software components in group communication services," in
Fifth Mexican International Conference on Computer Science (ENC-04),
IEEE, Ed., Mexico, September 2004, pp. 20-24.
[11] L. Lamport, "On interprocess communications: I. basic formalism,"
Distributed Computing, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 77-85, 1986.
[12] M. Vilain, "A system for reasoning about time," in 2nd (US) National
Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-82), Pittsburgh, PA, USA,
1982, pp. 197-201.
@article{"International Journal of Information, Control and Computer Sciences:55437", author = "Jorge Estudillo Ramirez and Saul E. Pomares Hernandez", title = "A Temporal Synchronization Model for Heterogeneous Data in Distributed Systems", abstract = "Multimedia distributed systems deal with heterogeneous
data, such as texts, images, graphics, video and audio. The specification
of temporal relations among different data types and distributed
sources is an open research area. This paper proposes a fully
distributed synchronization model to be used in multimedia systems.
One original aspect of the model is that it avoids the use of a common
reference (e.g. wall clock and shared memory). To achieve this, all
possible multimedia temporal relations are specified according to
their causal dependencies.", keywords = "Multimedia, Distributed Systems, Partial Ordering,Temporal Synchronization", volume = "2", number = "12", pages = "4116-5", }
