A Study on Explicitation Strategies Employed in Persian Subtitling of English Crime Movies
The present study seeks to investigate the application
of expansion strategy in Persian subtitles of English crime movies.
More precisely, this study aims at classifying the different types of
expansion used in subtitles as well as investigating the
appropriateness or inappropriateness of the application of each type.
To achieve this end, three movies; namely, The Net (1995), Contact
(1997) and Mission Impossible 2 (2000), available with Persian
subtitles, were selected for the study. To collect the data, the above
mentioned movies were watched and those parts of the Persian
subtitles in which expansion had been used were identified and
extracted along with their English dialogs. Then, the extracted
Persian subtitles were classified based on the reason that led to
expansion in each case. Next, the appropriateness or
inappropriateness of using expansion in the extracted Persian
subtitles was descriptively investigated. Finally, an equivalent not
containing any expansion was proposed for those cases in which the
meaning could be fully transferred without this strategy. The findings
of the study indicated that the reasons range from explicitation
(explicitation of visual, co-textual and contextual information),
mistranslation and paraphrasing to the preferences of subtitlers.
Furthermore, it was found that the employment of expansion strategy
was inappropriate in all cases except for those caused by explicitation
of contextual information since correct and shorter equivalents which
were equally capable of conveying the intended meaning could be
posited for the original dialogs.
[1] L. Pérez González, “Audiovisual translation,” in Routledge
Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, M. Baker and G. Saldanha, Eds.
London: Routledge, 2008, pp. 13-20.
[2] L. Bogucki, “The constraint of relevance in subtitling,” Journal of
Specialised Translation, 01, 2004, pp. 69-85.
http://www.jostrans.org/issue01/issue01toc.htm.
[3] H. Gottlieb, Screen Translation: Six Studies in Subtitling, Dubbing and
Voice-Over. Center for Translation Studies, Department of English,
University of Copenhagen, 2001.
[4] S. Lomheim, “The Writing on the Screen. Subtitling: A Case Study from
Norwegian Broadcasting,” in Word, Text, Translation. Liber amicorum
for Peter Newmark, G. Anderman and M. Rogers, Eds. Clevedon:
Multilingual Matters, 1999, pp. 190-207.
[5] E. A. Nida, Toward a Science of Translating: With Special Reference to
Principles and Procedures Involved in Bible Translating. Leiden: E. J.
Brill, 1964.
[6] A. Berman, “Translation and the trials of the foreign,” in The translation
studies reader, L. Venuti, Ed. London: Routledge, 2000, pp. 284-297.
[7] A. Chesterman, the Memes of Translation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins,
1997.
[8] J. Pedersen, “How is culture rendered in subtitles? In MuTra Conference
Proceedings,” 2005, http://www.euroconferences.info/proceedings/
2005_Proceedings/2005_Pedersen_ Jan.pdf.
[9] E. Perego, “Evidence of explicitation in subtitling: Towards a
categorisation,” Across Languages and Cultures, 4 (1), 2003, pp.63–88.
[10] J. Díaz Cintas, “Subtitling: Theory, practice and research,” in The
Routledge handbook of translation studies, C. Millan, and F. Bartrina,
Eds. New York: Routledge, 2013, pp. 273-287.
[11] C. Séguinot, “Pragmatics and the explicitation hypothesis,” TTR , 1988,
pp. 14-108.
[12] C. Kramsch, Language and Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1998.
[13] R. Lung, “On Mistranslating Suggestive Sexual elements in Chinese
advertisement,” Babel, 44 (2), 1998, pp. 97-109.
[14] D. Robinson, “Paraphrase,” in Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation
Studies, M. Baker, Ed. London: Routledge, 1998, pp. 166-167.
[15] J. Ivarsson, and M. Carroll, Subtitling. Simirshamn: Transedit, 1998.
[1] L. Pérez González, “Audiovisual translation,” in Routledge
Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, M. Baker and G. Saldanha, Eds.
London: Routledge, 2008, pp. 13-20.
[2] L. Bogucki, “The constraint of relevance in subtitling,” Journal of
Specialised Translation, 01, 2004, pp. 69-85.
http://www.jostrans.org/issue01/issue01toc.htm.
[3] H. Gottlieb, Screen Translation: Six Studies in Subtitling, Dubbing and
Voice-Over. Center for Translation Studies, Department of English,
University of Copenhagen, 2001.
[4] S. Lomheim, “The Writing on the Screen. Subtitling: A Case Study from
Norwegian Broadcasting,” in Word, Text, Translation. Liber amicorum
for Peter Newmark, G. Anderman and M. Rogers, Eds. Clevedon:
Multilingual Matters, 1999, pp. 190-207.
[5] E. A. Nida, Toward a Science of Translating: With Special Reference to
Principles and Procedures Involved in Bible Translating. Leiden: E. J.
Brill, 1964.
[6] A. Berman, “Translation and the trials of the foreign,” in The translation
studies reader, L. Venuti, Ed. London: Routledge, 2000, pp. 284-297.
[7] A. Chesterman, the Memes of Translation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins,
1997.
[8] J. Pedersen, “How is culture rendered in subtitles? In MuTra Conference
Proceedings,” 2005, http://www.euroconferences.info/proceedings/
2005_Proceedings/2005_Pedersen_ Jan.pdf.
[9] E. Perego, “Evidence of explicitation in subtitling: Towards a
categorisation,” Across Languages and Cultures, 4 (1), 2003, pp.63–88.
[10] J. Díaz Cintas, “Subtitling: Theory, practice and research,” in The
Routledge handbook of translation studies, C. Millan, and F. Bartrina,
Eds. New York: Routledge, 2013, pp. 273-287.
[11] C. Séguinot, “Pragmatics and the explicitation hypothesis,” TTR , 1988,
pp. 14-108.
[12] C. Kramsch, Language and Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1998.
[13] R. Lung, “On Mistranslating Suggestive Sexual elements in Chinese
advertisement,” Babel, 44 (2), 1998, pp. 97-109.
[14] D. Robinson, “Paraphrase,” in Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation
Studies, M. Baker, Ed. London: Routledge, 1998, pp. 166-167.
[15] J. Ivarsson, and M. Carroll, Subtitling. Simirshamn: Transedit, 1998.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:71219", author = "Hossein Heidari Tabrizi and Azizeh Chalak and Hossein Enayat", title = "A Study on Explicitation Strategies Employed in Persian Subtitling of English Crime Movies", abstract = "The present study seeks to investigate the application
of expansion strategy in Persian subtitles of English crime movies.
More precisely, this study aims at classifying the different types of
expansion used in subtitles as well as investigating the
appropriateness or inappropriateness of the application of each type.
To achieve this end, three movies; namely, The Net (1995), Contact
(1997) and Mission Impossible 2 (2000), available with Persian
subtitles, were selected for the study. To collect the data, the above
mentioned movies were watched and those parts of the Persian
subtitles in which expansion had been used were identified and
extracted along with their English dialogs. Then, the extracted
Persian subtitles were classified based on the reason that led to
expansion in each case. Next, the appropriateness or
inappropriateness of using expansion in the extracted Persian
subtitles was descriptively investigated. Finally, an equivalent not
containing any expansion was proposed for those cases in which the
meaning could be fully transferred without this strategy. The findings
of the study indicated that the reasons range from explicitation
(explicitation of visual, co-textual and contextual information),
mistranslation and paraphrasing to the preferences of subtitlers.
Furthermore, it was found that the employment of expansion strategy
was inappropriate in all cases except for those caused by explicitation
of contextual information since correct and shorter equivalents which
were equally capable of conveying the intended meaning could be
posited for the original dialogs.", keywords = "Audiovisual translation, English crime movies,
expansion strategies, Persian subtitles.", volume = "9", number = "8", pages = "2936-5", }