A Study of the Relation of Wave Height and Erosion at Bangkhuntien Shoreline, Thailand
In this paper, the significant wave height at the Upper Gulf of Thailand and the changing of wave height at Bangkhuntien shoreline were simulated by using the Simulating WAves Nearshore Model (SWAN) version 40.51. The simulated results indicated that the significant wave height by SWAN model corresponded with the observed data. The results showed that the maximum significant wave height at the Bangkhuntien shoreline were 1.06-2.05 m. and the average significant wave height at the Bangkhuntien shoreline were 0.30-0.47 m. The significant wave height can be used to calculate the erosion through the Bangkhuntien shoreline. The erosion rates at the Bangkhuntien shoreline were prepared by using the aerial photo and they were about 1.80 m/yr. from 1980- 1986, 4.75 m/yr from 1987-1993, 15.28 m/yr from 1994-1996 and 10.03 m/yr from 1997-2002. The relation between the wave energy and the erosion were in good agreement. Therefore, the significant wave height was one of the major factors of the erosion at the Bangkhuntien shoreline.
[1] Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkhunthien pilot project
coastal erosion and reclamation study, Ministry of Interior, Thailand,
2001, 75.
[2] Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, The Bangkhuntien shoreline
protection and troubleshooting project, Bangkok, Thailand, 2006, 267.
[3] G. Komen, L. Cavaleri, M. Donelan, K. Hasselmann, S. Hasselmann and
P.A.E.M. Janseen, Dynamics and modelling of ocean waves, Cambridge
University Press, UK. 1994, 532.
[4] J. A. Battjes, M. Isaacson and M. Quick (Eds.), "Shallow water wave
modelling," in 1994 Proc. Waves-Physical and Numerical Modelling,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, pp. 1-24.
[5] J. C. Hargreaves and J. D. Annan, " Comments on Improvement of the
short fetch behavior in the wave ocean model (WAM)," J. Atmos.
Oceanic Techn., Vol. 18, 2001, pp.711-715.
[6] J. W. Kamphuis, Introduction to coastal engineering and management,
World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, Vol.16, 2000, 437p.
[7] H. Gunther, S. Hasselmann and P.A.E.M. Janssen, The WAM model
Cycle 4 (revised version), Deutsch. Klim. Rechenzentrum, Techn.
Rep. No. 4, Hamburg, Germany, 1992.
[8] H. Hanson, GENESIS, A generalized shoreline change model for
engineering use, Report No. 1007, Department of Water Resources
Engineering, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden,1987.
[9] K. Hasselmann , T. P. Barnett, E. Bouws, H. Carlson, D.E. Cartwright,
K. Enke, J. A. Ewing, H. Gienapp, D. E. Hasselmann, P. Kruseman, A.
Meerburg, P. Muller, D. J. Olbers, K. Richter, W. Sell and H. Walden,
Measurements of wind-wave growth and swell decay during the Joint
North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP), Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z. Suppl., 12,
A8, 1973, 95.
[10] K. Horikawa, M. Hattori, "The nearshore environment research center
project," Proc. Coastal Sediments, American Society of Civil Engineers,
1987, pp. 756-771.
[11] N. L. Jackson, "Evaluation of criteria for predicting erosion and
accretion on an estuarine sand beach, Delaware bay, New Jersey,"
J. Estuaries Coast., Vol. 22(2A), 1999, pp. 215-223.
[12] P. Ekphisutsuntorn, The study of wave and current influences on
shoreline changes at Bangkhuntien district, King Mongkut-s University
of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand, 2001.
[13] P. Ekphisutsuntorn, Numerical modeling of erosion at Bangkhuntien
district, Thailand, King Mongkut-s University of Technology Thonburi,
Bangkok , Thailand, 2008.
[14] P. Ekphisutsuntorn, ,P. Wongwises, C. Chinnarasri, U. W. Humpries and
S. Vongvisessomjai, "Numerical Modeling of Erosion for Muddy Coast
at Bangkhuntien shoreline, Thailand," J. Environ Sci Eng., Vol.2(4),
2010, pp. 230-240.
[15] Royal Forest Department, The feasibility study on mangrove revival and
extension project in the Kingdom of Thailand, Ministry of Agriculture
and Cooperatives, Thailand, 2001.
[16] S. Hasselmann, K. Hasselmann, E. Bauer, P.A.E.M. Janssen, G. J.
Komen, L. Bertotti, P. Lionello, A. Guillaume, V. C. Cardone, J. A.
Greenwood, M. Reistad, L. Zambresky and J. A. Ewing, "The WAM
model-a third generation ocean wave prediction model," J. Phys
Ocean., Vol. 18, 1988, pp. 1775-1810.
[17] S. Hasselmann, K. Hasselmann, J. H. Allender and T. P. Barnett,
"Computations and parameterizations of the nonlinear energy transfer in
a gravity-wave spectrum, Part II: Parameterizations of the nonlinear
energy transfer for application in wave models," J. Phys Ocean., Vol.
15, 1985, pp. 1378-1391.
[18] The SWAN team, SWAN technical documentation, Environmental Fluid
Mechanics Section, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft
University of Technology, The Netherlands, 2006, 66.
[19] W. Wannawong, U. W. Humphries, P. Wongwises, S. Vongvisessomjai
and W. Lueangaram, "Numerical Analysis of Wave and Hydrodynamic
Models for Energy Balance and Primitive Equations," J. Math Stat Sci.,
Vol. 2(4), 2010, pp. 140-150.
[20] W. Wannawong, U. W. Humphries, P. Wongwises, S. Vongvisessomjai,
"Three Steps of One-way Nested Grid for Energy Balance Equations by
Wave Model," J. comp Math Sci., Vol. 5(1), 2011, pp.23-30.
[1] Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Bangkhunthien pilot project
coastal erosion and reclamation study, Ministry of Interior, Thailand,
2001, 75.
[2] Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, The Bangkhuntien shoreline
protection and troubleshooting project, Bangkok, Thailand, 2006, 267.
[3] G. Komen, L. Cavaleri, M. Donelan, K. Hasselmann, S. Hasselmann and
P.A.E.M. Janseen, Dynamics and modelling of ocean waves, Cambridge
University Press, UK. 1994, 532.
[4] J. A. Battjes, M. Isaacson and M. Quick (Eds.), "Shallow water wave
modelling," in 1994 Proc. Waves-Physical and Numerical Modelling,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, pp. 1-24.
[5] J. C. Hargreaves and J. D. Annan, " Comments on Improvement of the
short fetch behavior in the wave ocean model (WAM)," J. Atmos.
Oceanic Techn., Vol. 18, 2001, pp.711-715.
[6] J. W. Kamphuis, Introduction to coastal engineering and management,
World Scientific Publishing, Singapore, Vol.16, 2000, 437p.
[7] H. Gunther, S. Hasselmann and P.A.E.M. Janssen, The WAM model
Cycle 4 (revised version), Deutsch. Klim. Rechenzentrum, Techn.
Rep. No. 4, Hamburg, Germany, 1992.
[8] H. Hanson, GENESIS, A generalized shoreline change model for
engineering use, Report No. 1007, Department of Water Resources
Engineering, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden,1987.
[9] K. Hasselmann , T. P. Barnett, E. Bouws, H. Carlson, D.E. Cartwright,
K. Enke, J. A. Ewing, H. Gienapp, D. E. Hasselmann, P. Kruseman, A.
Meerburg, P. Muller, D. J. Olbers, K. Richter, W. Sell and H. Walden,
Measurements of wind-wave growth and swell decay during the Joint
North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP), Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z. Suppl., 12,
A8, 1973, 95.
[10] K. Horikawa, M. Hattori, "The nearshore environment research center
project," Proc. Coastal Sediments, American Society of Civil Engineers,
1987, pp. 756-771.
[11] N. L. Jackson, "Evaluation of criteria for predicting erosion and
accretion on an estuarine sand beach, Delaware bay, New Jersey,"
J. Estuaries Coast., Vol. 22(2A), 1999, pp. 215-223.
[12] P. Ekphisutsuntorn, The study of wave and current influences on
shoreline changes at Bangkhuntien district, King Mongkut-s University
of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand, 2001.
[13] P. Ekphisutsuntorn, Numerical modeling of erosion at Bangkhuntien
district, Thailand, King Mongkut-s University of Technology Thonburi,
Bangkok , Thailand, 2008.
[14] P. Ekphisutsuntorn, ,P. Wongwises, C. Chinnarasri, U. W. Humpries and
S. Vongvisessomjai, "Numerical Modeling of Erosion for Muddy Coast
at Bangkhuntien shoreline, Thailand," J. Environ Sci Eng., Vol.2(4),
2010, pp. 230-240.
[15] Royal Forest Department, The feasibility study on mangrove revival and
extension project in the Kingdom of Thailand, Ministry of Agriculture
and Cooperatives, Thailand, 2001.
[16] S. Hasselmann, K. Hasselmann, E. Bauer, P.A.E.M. Janssen, G. J.
Komen, L. Bertotti, P. Lionello, A. Guillaume, V. C. Cardone, J. A.
Greenwood, M. Reistad, L. Zambresky and J. A. Ewing, "The WAM
model-a third generation ocean wave prediction model," J. Phys
Ocean., Vol. 18, 1988, pp. 1775-1810.
[17] S. Hasselmann, K. Hasselmann, J. H. Allender and T. P. Barnett,
"Computations and parameterizations of the nonlinear energy transfer in
a gravity-wave spectrum, Part II: Parameterizations of the nonlinear
energy transfer for application in wave models," J. Phys Ocean., Vol.
15, 1985, pp. 1378-1391.
[18] The SWAN team, SWAN technical documentation, Environmental Fluid
Mechanics Section, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft
University of Technology, The Netherlands, 2006, 66.
[19] W. Wannawong, U. W. Humphries, P. Wongwises, S. Vongvisessomjai
and W. Lueangaram, "Numerical Analysis of Wave and Hydrodynamic
Models for Energy Balance and Primitive Equations," J. Math Stat Sci.,
Vol. 2(4), 2010, pp. 140-150.
[20] W. Wannawong, U. W. Humphries, P. Wongwises, S. Vongvisessomjai,
"Three Steps of One-way Nested Grid for Energy Balance Equations by
Wave Model," J. comp Math Sci., Vol. 5(1), 2011, pp.23-30.
@article{"International Journal of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences:59705", author = "Prasertsak Ekphisutsuntorn and Prungchan Wongwises and Chaiyuth Chinnarasri and Usa Humphries and Suphat Vongvisessomjai", title = "A Study of the Relation of Wave Height and Erosion at Bangkhuntien Shoreline, Thailand", abstract = "In this paper, the significant wave height at the Upper Gulf of Thailand and the changing of wave height at Bangkhuntien shoreline were simulated by using the Simulating WAves Nearshore Model (SWAN) version 40.51. The simulated results indicated that the significant wave height by SWAN model corresponded with the observed data. The results showed that the maximum significant wave height at the Bangkhuntien shoreline were 1.06-2.05 m. and the average significant wave height at the Bangkhuntien shoreline were 0.30-0.47 m. The significant wave height can be used to calculate the erosion through the Bangkhuntien shoreline. The erosion rates at the Bangkhuntien shoreline were prepared by using the aerial photo and they were about 1.80 m/yr. from 1980- 1986, 4.75 m/yr from 1987-1993, 15.28 m/yr from 1994-1996 and 10.03 m/yr from 1997-2002. The relation between the wave energy and the erosion were in good agreement. Therefore, the significant wave height was one of the major factors of the erosion at the Bangkhuntien shoreline.
", keywords = "significant wave height, erosion, SWAN, relation,Bangkhuntien shoreline", volume = "4", number = "8", pages = "373-11", }
