A Multistage Sulphidisation Flotation Procedure for a Low Grade Malachite Copper Ore
This study was carried out to develop a flotation
procedure for an oxide copper ore from a Region in Central Africa
for producing an 18% copper concentrate for downstream processing
at maximum recovery from a 4% copper feed grade. The copper
recoveries achieved from the test work were less than 50% despite
changes in reagent conditions (multistage sulphidisation, use of RCA
emulsion and mixture, use of AM 2, etc). The poor recoveries were
attributed to the mineralogy of the ore from which copper silicates
accounted for approximately 70% (mass) of the copper minerals in
the ore. These can be complex and difficult to float using
conventional flotation methods. Best results were obtained using
basic sulphidisation procedures, a high flotation temperature and
extended flotation residence time.
[1] A. F. Mulaba and D.T. Bell, "Some aspects of laboratory flotation of
Copper-Co minerals from mixed oxide ores," The South African IMM,
in Proc. 3rd Southern African conf. Base Metals . 2005, pp. 191-200.
[2] K. Lee, D. Archibald, J. McLean, and M.A. Reuter," Flotation of mixed
copper oxide and sulphide minerals with xanthate and hydroxamate
collectors," Minerals Engineering , vol. 22, issue. 4, pp. 395-401, 2009.
[3] D. W. Fuerstenau and M.C. Fuerstenau, "Principle of flotation: The
flotation of oxide and silicate minerals," South African Institute of
Mining and Metallurgy Monograph, Johannesburg Series no.3,1982,
pp.109, 1982.
[4] D. W. Fuerstenau, "Principles of flotation: Mineral-Water interfaces and
the electrical double layer," South African Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy Monograph, Johannesburg Series no.3, pp.17, 1982.
[5] P. J. Harris, "Principles of flotation: Mineral-Water interfaces and the
electrical double layer," South African Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy Monograph, Johannesburg Series no.3, pp.237, 1982.
[6] T. C. Hughes, "AM-2 A hydroxamate flotation collector reagent for
oxides and oxide mineral systems," Australian Journal of Mining, pp.
58-59, July/August 2005.
[7] M. Ray, "Memoirs of milling and process metallurgy: flotation of
oxidized ores," Transactions of the Institute of Mining and metallurgy,
vol. 88, C125-250, 1979.
[8] M. H. Jones, J. T. Woodcock, "Optimisation and control of laboratory
sulphidisation of oxidized copper ore with an ion selevtive electrode," in
Proc. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 266, pp. 11-
19, 1978.
[9] D.R. Nagaraj, "The chemistry and application of chelating or
complexing agents in mineral separations," in Reagents in Mineral
Technology, P. Somasundaran, B.M. Moudgil, Ed. Marcel Dekker, New
York, 1987, pp. 257-334.
[10] T. Deng, and J. Chen, "Treatment of oxidised copper ores with emphasis
on refractory ores," Mineral Process Extraction Metallurgy. Rev. 7, pp.
175-207, 1991.
[11] J. S. Lee, D.R. Nagaraj, and J. E Coe, "Practical aspects of oxide copper
recovery with alkyl hydroxamates," Minerals Engineering, vol. 11,
issue 10, pp. 929-939, 1998.
[12] V. M. Lovell, "Principles of flotaion: Industrial flotation reagents"
South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Monograph,
Johannesburg Series no.3, pp. 81, 1982.
[13] L. Evrard, and J. De Copperyper, "Flotation of copper-cobalt oxide ore
with alkylhydroxamates," Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium,
1975.
[14] S. Prasad and B. D. Pandey, "Alternative processes for treatment of
chalcopyrite-a review," Minerals Engineering, vol. 11, series 8, pp.
763-781, 1998.
[15] I. J. De Cuyper, "Flotation of copper", Ore dressing committee on the
GDMB-general, Hague (The Netherlands), September 1976.
[16] N. L. Weiss, SME Mineral Processing Handbook, AIME, 1985, vol. 1,
Chap. 5, pp. 7-13.
[17] R. Singh, K. Das, and T. Sankar, "Studies to impove the flotation
recovery in the benefication of a complex mixed sulphide-oxide ore
from Malanjkhand," India.Tata Research development & Design centre ,
Pune, India, 1995.
[18] F. Bodwish, and T. P. Chen, "Studies on the flotation of chrysocolla,"
American institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers,
New York, February 1962.
[19] A. Weiss, "World Mining and Metals Technology" Amer. Ins. Mining,
Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers; NY & Japan, 1976 [Proc. Joint
MMIJ - AIME, meeting, Denver, Colo, USA, September 1976].
[20] S. D. Bulatovic, Handbook of flotation reagents: Chemistry, Theory
and Practice: Flotation of Sulfide Ores. Elservier Science, 2007.
[1] A. F. Mulaba and D.T. Bell, "Some aspects of laboratory flotation of
Copper-Co minerals from mixed oxide ores," The South African IMM,
in Proc. 3rd Southern African conf. Base Metals . 2005, pp. 191-200.
[2] K. Lee, D. Archibald, J. McLean, and M.A. Reuter," Flotation of mixed
copper oxide and sulphide minerals with xanthate and hydroxamate
collectors," Minerals Engineering , vol. 22, issue. 4, pp. 395-401, 2009.
[3] D. W. Fuerstenau and M.C. Fuerstenau, "Principle of flotation: The
flotation of oxide and silicate minerals," South African Institute of
Mining and Metallurgy Monograph, Johannesburg Series no.3,1982,
pp.109, 1982.
[4] D. W. Fuerstenau, "Principles of flotation: Mineral-Water interfaces and
the electrical double layer," South African Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy Monograph, Johannesburg Series no.3, pp.17, 1982.
[5] P. J. Harris, "Principles of flotation: Mineral-Water interfaces and the
electrical double layer," South African Institute of Mining and
Metallurgy Monograph, Johannesburg Series no.3, pp.237, 1982.
[6] T. C. Hughes, "AM-2 A hydroxamate flotation collector reagent for
oxides and oxide mineral systems," Australian Journal of Mining, pp.
58-59, July/August 2005.
[7] M. Ray, "Memoirs of milling and process metallurgy: flotation of
oxidized ores," Transactions of the Institute of Mining and metallurgy,
vol. 88, C125-250, 1979.
[8] M. H. Jones, J. T. Woodcock, "Optimisation and control of laboratory
sulphidisation of oxidized copper ore with an ion selevtive electrode," in
Proc. Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, vol. 266, pp. 11-
19, 1978.
[9] D.R. Nagaraj, "The chemistry and application of chelating or
complexing agents in mineral separations," in Reagents in Mineral
Technology, P. Somasundaran, B.M. Moudgil, Ed. Marcel Dekker, New
York, 1987, pp. 257-334.
[10] T. Deng, and J. Chen, "Treatment of oxidised copper ores with emphasis
on refractory ores," Mineral Process Extraction Metallurgy. Rev. 7, pp.
175-207, 1991.
[11] J. S. Lee, D.R. Nagaraj, and J. E Coe, "Practical aspects of oxide copper
recovery with alkyl hydroxamates," Minerals Engineering, vol. 11,
issue 10, pp. 929-939, 1998.
[12] V. M. Lovell, "Principles of flotaion: Industrial flotation reagents"
South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Monograph,
Johannesburg Series no.3, pp. 81, 1982.
[13] L. Evrard, and J. De Copperyper, "Flotation of copper-cobalt oxide ore
with alkylhydroxamates," Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium,
1975.
[14] S. Prasad and B. D. Pandey, "Alternative processes for treatment of
chalcopyrite-a review," Minerals Engineering, vol. 11, series 8, pp.
763-781, 1998.
[15] I. J. De Cuyper, "Flotation of copper", Ore dressing committee on the
GDMB-general, Hague (The Netherlands), September 1976.
[16] N. L. Weiss, SME Mineral Processing Handbook, AIME, 1985, vol. 1,
Chap. 5, pp. 7-13.
[17] R. Singh, K. Das, and T. Sankar, "Studies to impove the flotation
recovery in the benefication of a complex mixed sulphide-oxide ore
from Malanjkhand," India.Tata Research development & Design centre ,
Pune, India, 1995.
[18] F. Bodwish, and T. P. Chen, "Studies on the flotation of chrysocolla,"
American institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers,
New York, February 1962.
[19] A. Weiss, "World Mining and Metals Technology" Amer. Ins. Mining,
Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers; NY & Japan, 1976 [Proc. Joint
MMIJ - AIME, meeting, Denver, Colo, USA, September 1976].
[20] S. D. Bulatovic, Handbook of flotation reagents: Chemistry, Theory
and Practice: Flotation of Sulfide Ores. Elservier Science, 2007.
@article{"International Journal of Chemical, Materials and Biomolecular Sciences:60840", author = "Tebogo P. Phetla and Edison Muzenda", title = "A Multistage Sulphidisation Flotation Procedure for a Low Grade Malachite Copper Ore", abstract = "This study was carried out to develop a flotation
procedure for an oxide copper ore from a Region in Central Africa
for producing an 18% copper concentrate for downstream processing
at maximum recovery from a 4% copper feed grade. The copper
recoveries achieved from the test work were less than 50% despite
changes in reagent conditions (multistage sulphidisation, use of RCA
emulsion and mixture, use of AM 2, etc). The poor recoveries were
attributed to the mineralogy of the ore from which copper silicates
accounted for approximately 70% (mass) of the copper minerals in
the ore. These can be complex and difficult to float using
conventional flotation methods. Best results were obtained using
basic sulphidisation procedures, a high flotation temperature and
extended flotation residence time.", keywords = "Froth flotation, Sulphidisation, Copper oxide ore,Mineralogy, Recovery", volume = "4", number = "9", pages = "605-7", }
