A Competitiveness Analysis of the Convention Tourism of China's Macao Special Administrative Region
This paper explored the use of Importance- Performance Analysis in assessing the competitiveness of China-s Macao Special Administrative Region as a city for international conventions. Determinants of destination choice for convention tourists are grouped under three factors, namely the convention factor, the city factor and the tourism factor. Attributes of these three factors were studied through a survey with the convention participants and exhibitors of Macao SAR. Results indicate that the city boasts of strong traditional tourist attractions and infrastructure, but is deficient in specialized convention experts and promotion mechanisms. A reflection on the findings suggests that an urban city such as the Macao SAR can co-develop its the convention and the traditional tourism for a synergistic effect. With proper planning and co-ordination, both areas of the city-s tourism industry will grow as they feed off each other.
[1] MSARG (2009). Fact sheet - Geography and population of Macao SAR,
Macao SAR Government. Retrieved August 2009 from
http://www.gov.mo/egi/Portal/rkw/public/view/area.jsp?id=22.
[2] CIA (2009). The world factbook - Macao, Central Intelligence Agency.
Retrieved August 2009, from
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/
geos/mc.html.
[3] DSEC (2009). Tourism statistics 2008, Macao Statistics and Census
Service. Retrieved August 2009, from
http://www.dsec.gov.mo/Statistic/TourismAndServices/TourismStatistics/
TourismStatistics2008Y-(1).aspx.
[4] GdGov (2009). Monthly statistics on tourism, Guangdong Provincial
Government. Retrieved August 2009 from
http://gdgov.visitgd.com/wxzl/lytj.
[5] CenStatd (2009). Hong Kong statistics, the Hong Kong Census and
Statistics Department. Retrieved August 2009, from
http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hong_kong_statistics.
[6] DSEC (2009). Principal statistical indicators, Macao Statistics and
Census Service. Retrieved August 2009, from
http://www.dsec.gov.mo/index.asp?src=/english/indicator/e_piem_indicat
or.html.
[7] IMF (2008). World economic outlook database 2008, International
Monetary Fund. Retrieved August 2009 from
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/02/weodata/download.aspx
[8] StatGoJp (2009). Japan statistical yearbook 2009, Statistics Bureau,
Japan. Retrieved August 2009 from
http://www.stat.go.jp/english/index.htm.
[9] ICCA (2009). Definition of "MICE", International Congress &
Convention Association. Retrieved August 2009 from
http://www.iccaworld.com/aeps/aeitem.cfm?aeid=29
[10] Crouch, G.I., & Ritchie, J.R. (1998). Convention site selection research:
A review, conceptual model, and propositional framework, Journal of
Convention and Exhibition Management, 1(1), 49-69.
[11] Breiter, D., & Milman, A. (2006). Attendees- needs and service priorities
in a large convention center: Application of the importance-performance
theory. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1364-1370.
[12] Upchurch, R.S., Jeong, G-H., Clements, C. & Jung, I. (1999) Meeting
planners- perceptions of site selection characteristics: the case of Seoul,
Korea, Journal of Convention and Exhibition Management, 2(1), 15-35.
[13] Oppermann, M. (1998), Perceptions of convention destinations: Largehalf
versus small-half association meeting planners, Journal of
Convention and Exhibition Management, 1(1), 35-48.
[14] Martilla, J.A., & James, J.C. (1977). Importance-performance analysis.
Journal of Marketing, 41(1), 77-79.
[15] Wade, D.J., & Eagles, P.F. (2003). The use of importance-performance
analysis and market segmentation for tourism management in parks and
protected areas: An application to Tanzania-s National Parks. Journal of
Ecotourism, 2(3), 196-212.
[16] Enright, M.J., & Newton, J. (2004). Tourism destination
competitiveness: a quantitative approach. Tourism Management, 25(6),
777-788.
[17] Zhang, H.Q., Leung, V., & Qu, H. (2007). A refined model of factors
affecting convention participation decision-making. Tourism
Management, 28(4), 1123-1127.
[18] Weber, K. (2000). Meeting planners- perceptions of hotel-chain
practices and benefits: An importance-performance analysis. The
Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 41(4), 32-38.
[19] Sampson, S.E., & Showalter, M.J. (1999). The performance-importance
response function: observations and implications. The Service Industries
Journal, 19(3), 1-25.
[20] Hudson, S., & Shephard, G.W.H. (1998). Measuring service quality at
tourist destinations: An application of importance-performance analysis
to an alpine ski resort. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 7(3),
61-77.
[21] Lee, M.J. & Back, K.J. (2007). Effects of destination image on meeting
participation intentions: Empirical findings from a professional
association and its annual convention. The Service Industries Journal,
27(1), 59-73.
[22] Braun, B. M., & Rungeling, B. (1992). The relative economic impact of
convention and tourist visitors on a regional economy: A case study.
International Journal of Hospitality Management, 11(1), 65-71.
[23] Getz, D., Anderson, D., & Sheehan, L. (1998). Roles, issues, and
strategies for convention and visitors bureaux in destination planning
and product development: A survey of Canadian Bureaux. Tourism
Management, 19(4), 331-340.
[24] Smith, K. A., & Garnham, R. (2006). Distribution channels for
convention tourism: Association conventions in Wellington, New
Zealand. Journal of Convention and Event Tourism, 8(1), 1-30.
[1] MSARG (2009). Fact sheet - Geography and population of Macao SAR,
Macao SAR Government. Retrieved August 2009 from
http://www.gov.mo/egi/Portal/rkw/public/view/area.jsp?id=22.
[2] CIA (2009). The world factbook - Macao, Central Intelligence Agency.
Retrieved August 2009, from
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/
geos/mc.html.
[3] DSEC (2009). Tourism statistics 2008, Macao Statistics and Census
Service. Retrieved August 2009, from
http://www.dsec.gov.mo/Statistic/TourismAndServices/TourismStatistics/
TourismStatistics2008Y-(1).aspx.
[4] GdGov (2009). Monthly statistics on tourism, Guangdong Provincial
Government. Retrieved August 2009 from
http://gdgov.visitgd.com/wxzl/lytj.
[5] CenStatd (2009). Hong Kong statistics, the Hong Kong Census and
Statistics Department. Retrieved August 2009, from
http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hong_kong_statistics.
[6] DSEC (2009). Principal statistical indicators, Macao Statistics and
Census Service. Retrieved August 2009, from
http://www.dsec.gov.mo/index.asp?src=/english/indicator/e_piem_indicat
or.html.
[7] IMF (2008). World economic outlook database 2008, International
Monetary Fund. Retrieved August 2009 from
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/02/weodata/download.aspx
[8] StatGoJp (2009). Japan statistical yearbook 2009, Statistics Bureau,
Japan. Retrieved August 2009 from
http://www.stat.go.jp/english/index.htm.
[9] ICCA (2009). Definition of "MICE", International Congress &
Convention Association. Retrieved August 2009 from
http://www.iccaworld.com/aeps/aeitem.cfm?aeid=29
[10] Crouch, G.I., & Ritchie, J.R. (1998). Convention site selection research:
A review, conceptual model, and propositional framework, Journal of
Convention and Exhibition Management, 1(1), 49-69.
[11] Breiter, D., & Milman, A. (2006). Attendees- needs and service priorities
in a large convention center: Application of the importance-performance
theory. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1364-1370.
[12] Upchurch, R.S., Jeong, G-H., Clements, C. & Jung, I. (1999) Meeting
planners- perceptions of site selection characteristics: the case of Seoul,
Korea, Journal of Convention and Exhibition Management, 2(1), 15-35.
[13] Oppermann, M. (1998), Perceptions of convention destinations: Largehalf
versus small-half association meeting planners, Journal of
Convention and Exhibition Management, 1(1), 35-48.
[14] Martilla, J.A., & James, J.C. (1977). Importance-performance analysis.
Journal of Marketing, 41(1), 77-79.
[15] Wade, D.J., & Eagles, P.F. (2003). The use of importance-performance
analysis and market segmentation for tourism management in parks and
protected areas: An application to Tanzania-s National Parks. Journal of
Ecotourism, 2(3), 196-212.
[16] Enright, M.J., & Newton, J. (2004). Tourism destination
competitiveness: a quantitative approach. Tourism Management, 25(6),
777-788.
[17] Zhang, H.Q., Leung, V., & Qu, H. (2007). A refined model of factors
affecting convention participation decision-making. Tourism
Management, 28(4), 1123-1127.
[18] Weber, K. (2000). Meeting planners- perceptions of hotel-chain
practices and benefits: An importance-performance analysis. The
Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 41(4), 32-38.
[19] Sampson, S.E., & Showalter, M.J. (1999). The performance-importance
response function: observations and implications. The Service Industries
Journal, 19(3), 1-25.
[20] Hudson, S., & Shephard, G.W.H. (1998). Measuring service quality at
tourist destinations: An application of importance-performance analysis
to an alpine ski resort. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 7(3),
61-77.
[21] Lee, M.J. & Back, K.J. (2007). Effects of destination image on meeting
participation intentions: Empirical findings from a professional
association and its annual convention. The Service Industries Journal,
27(1), 59-73.
[22] Braun, B. M., & Rungeling, B. (1992). The relative economic impact of
convention and tourist visitors on a regional economy: A case study.
International Journal of Hospitality Management, 11(1), 65-71.
[23] Getz, D., Anderson, D., & Sheehan, L. (1998). Roles, issues, and
strategies for convention and visitors bureaux in destination planning
and product development: A survey of Canadian Bureaux. Tourism
Management, 19(4), 331-340.
[24] Smith, K. A., & Garnham, R. (2006). Distribution channels for
convention tourism: Association conventions in Wellington, New
Zealand. Journal of Convention and Event Tourism, 8(1), 1-30.
@article{"International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences:53595", author = "Linda and Sau-ling Lai", title = "A Competitiveness Analysis of the Convention Tourism of China's Macao Special Administrative Region", abstract = "This paper explored the use of Importance- Performance Analysis in assessing the competitiveness of China-s Macao Special Administrative Region as a city for international conventions. Determinants of destination choice for convention tourists are grouped under three factors, namely the convention factor, the city factor and the tourism factor. Attributes of these three factors were studied through a survey with the convention participants and exhibitors of Macao SAR. Results indicate that the city boasts of strong traditional tourist attractions and infrastructure, but is deficient in specialized convention experts and promotion mechanisms. A reflection on the findings suggests that an urban city such as the Macao SAR can co-develop its the convention and the traditional tourism for a synergistic effect. With proper planning and co-ordination, both areas of the city-s tourism industry will grow as they feed off each other.
", keywords = "Convention Tourism, Importance-Performance Analysis, Destination Selection, Competitiveness", volume = "3", number = "12", pages = "2082-6", }
